Tourism and Society: Impact on Social, Economic, Cultural and Environmental Factors

This essay analyzes the impact of tourism on social, economic, cultural and environmental factors. It discusses accessibility, emerging markets, economic benefits, and negative impacts such as pollution and cultural clashes. It also highlights the importance of sustainable and accessible tourism.

Tourism And Society

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is considered as one of the biggest contributor in the economy of a nation. This industry
is significantly generating employment for millions of individuals cross the globe along with
generating billions as their revenue. This sector has been the means of prosperity for many
developing as well as developed nations, it is one of the only way through which the living
standards of a community can be enhanced. The rise that the tourism industry has experienced is
unmatchable, the concept of travelling started from communicating from small cities to bug
metropolises to different nations. Irrespective of the booming and glowing side of tourism the
industry has been facing some concerning issues because of the interference of several investors
which is significantly disturbing the socio – cultural values of countries (Litvin and
McEwen2020). The environmental concerns because of the rising pollution caused by the
tourists is also a serious concern with which the nations have to deal with. This essay will focus
on the three aspects by which the tourism industry is impacted. The factors include social,
economic, cultural and environmental. From the economic perspective of the nation’s tourism
industry has successfully been able to generate jobs and the required wealth, but on the
contrasting sides the job generated by the industry are generally seasonal or low paying. Nations
have been putting the required focus and funds in sustaining the cultural and the tourist attraction
spots. The stakeholders associated with the tourism industry are the right ones to blame as their
entire focus is on creating profits, which has significantly resulted in the creation of pollution in
the nation. The aim of the essay is to address the equality, accessibility and participation in
tourism (Schänzel, 2022).
MAIN BODY
Accessibility is a concerning factor in tourism industry and for any other industry to consider.
Accessibility in tourism industry requires the collaboration of serval stakeholders which includes
the government of the nation, along with the agencies of different nations. With the effective
collaboration of these factors accessible collaboration can be implemented. Implementation of
accessibility is not an easy process, it requires many partisanships and involvement of
individuals if the nation plan to implement it on a smaller session (Fatimah and et.al, 2021).
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Accessible tourism supports each and every individual irrespective of their disabilities and
facilitates them in enjoying the experience a person without disabilities would have. There have
been many reforms and action taken on the global level to resolve the issues related to accessible
tourism. The United Nations had taken measures which has enforced nations to take measures
which will facilitate the accessible tourism. It has been estimated by the international agencies
that nearly about a third of the world population associated with disabilities which be able
benefited with the accessibility reforms. The nations are not able to target the half of the world’s
population because of the insufficient facilities they have to offer to the disable individuals. The
major reasons because of which tourism is not accessible for disabled individuals includes the
incompetency of the staff generated by the insufficient training given to the staff, because of
which they are not able to explain and guide the individuals in the right manner, followed by the
incompetent booking services which does not provides the required services to the disable
individuals (Kapera, 2018). Disable individuals too have to suffer with the inadequate transfer
facilities. The question arises that why accessible tourism is this important? The explanation
states that it is prominent that an individual has to experience disabilities once they grow old and
encounters a disability that stays for a permanent time period or temporary (Dixit, 2020).
Therefore, the tourism industry need to develop measure which facilitates this issues as it will
ensure that human is experience their rights along with will open up the business prospects. The
United Nations is devoted in providing and developing the sustainable tourism atmosphere which
ensures equal and sustainable development. These modifications will bring the sense of quality
for the people belonging to the local communities of the respective nations (Rattenand Del,
2019). It will develop a multilingual atmosphere as it will bring individuals together, as it
motivates individuals in participating in the socio cultural activities which helps in removing the
language barriers.
With the rising modifications tourism industry has been experiencing emerging markets, with the
expanding economies, the living standards of individuals has considerable been rise which has
resulted in the international tourism. Countries like India, Russia, China and Brazil will
experience much expansion till the year 2030. Many developing countries are experiencing the
rise of the emerging markets, through surveys it was derived that in the year 2016, the residents
of the country took 8.2 million foreign trips, out of which 2.9 million individuals travelled to
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Europe itself. Brazil stands on the 23rd position of the world ranking in respect of the expenditure
the citizens made on its tourism. In the year 2016 the tourism industry in Brazil experienced an
expansion of €13.1 billion (Freund and Hernandez-Maskivker, 2021). Russians on the other hand
spent nearly €21.6 billion in the year 2016, for the 13.9 million trips that were taken by the
Russians, for which the country holds the 11th rank in the world ranking in regards of
international tourism expenditure. India on the other hand hold in 20th rank in therms of the
international tourism expenditure in the year 2016. with the expenditure of €14.8 billion made by
2.3 million citizens. With the international expenditure of €236 billion in the year 2016, China
holds the highest position in the international expenditure tourism. Irrespective of these figures
respective country has a pattern for its main destinations which is being visited by the emerging
markets (Aquino and Schänzel,2022). As BRIC are considered as the main contributes of the
emerging markets the data of these nations is considerably being taken. With the help of several
motivation theories the researches has theories to identify the reason which makes tourist to go
for holidays. For the same the researches applied many motivation theories to understand the
psychology as well as the reason behind the tours that people take. The researchers discovered
that people travel for improving their health which is being satisfied by the wellness tourism. It
includes a wide range of activities which help people in achieving their goals which include
kinds of natural therapies, stress management classes, nutrition knowledge, luxurious wellness
facilities, relaxation and meditation facilities. People travel for attaining their education the
reason behind this could be the affordable education that the other countries have to offer or in
most cases is the job opportunities that the nation has to offer (Su, and et.al, 2020). People also
travel for the medical facilities that other nations has to offer which is comparatively inexpensive
or better than their home country (Sheldon, 2020).
As when the positive impact of tourism industry is taken into consideration, they are usually
interconnected with the economic benefits they provide to their respective nation. These
economic benefits result in the increased employment, revenue, infrastructure and the revenue
the country generates (Young and Markham, 2020). The gradual shift of tourism industry more
towards the monetary outcomes is much likely to notice. Because of the increased tourism
nations gives importance to the cultural aspects of the nations and makes investments in the
preservation of the following, it has bought many advantages which includes the employment
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given to the citizens or immigrants of the nation. Tourism is one of the main reason for the
expanding economies of the nations. With the help of the generated revenue by the tourism
industry itself. Governments are able to invest sufficient funds in their infrastructure which is the
major reason for the tourist’s attraction. (Zhang and Zhang, 2020). Tourism has motivated the
nations for to preserve their natural flora and fauna, followed by the development of international
connection which promotes unity among the several nations. It provides the preconisation to the
nations and helps them in standing out as when people prefer to travel to a respective country
which helps in bringing advanced technologies and the advancements that will be required by
any nation for their upliftment. Irrespective of the advantages that the tourism industry has to
offer them exists some negative factors which affects the functioning immensely. The
employment generated by the tourism industry id significantly low paying and seasonal which
gives the anxiety to individuals of finding a new job every month which is quite stressing. With
the drastically ever-increasing tourism it has been noticed that the utilisation of the natural
resource of the nation has drastically increased which is damaging for the nation (Kanwal and
et.al, 2020). The emission of natural gases has increased which has resulted in the depletion of
the environment, with the rising popularity of some nations, they have to deal with a relatively
bigger crowd which have has resulted in commercialisation, as the prices for commodities has
increased which has made it tough for the local citizens to survive. It’s common to experience
cultural clashes, this has been a result of the rising tourism, as it is not expected from every
tourist that they will show the same respect to the customs and traditions that the country
believes in (Din, 2018). Tourism is seasons based which is a considerable disadvantage for
tourism industry, the summer and winter season, which results in the declining economy in the
off seasons. The developing countries experiences monopoly of the big companies who has taken
over the all tourism activities because of which the local companies are required to look for
another jobs in different sectors to make enough money for their survival.
Tourism is one of the prominent industry where gender discrimination is quite noticed.
Irrespective of the job opportunities the female gender has to have many discriminations in the
industry followed by many odd jobs which make the survival of women in the industry tough.
The tourism need to start considering their educational qualifications and calibre instead of their
gender for deciding their position. Additionally, women are not being paid equally for the same
job that is being performed by men. If the industry wishes to grow they need to focus on the
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skills of the people rather than the gender, this will help the industry in creating the required
atmosphere for the business. It’s quite evident nowadays that tourists are being victimised, the
rising cases against tourists at their holiday destination is quite concerning, crimes in the form of
rape, kidnapping, theft, abuse, murder are quite prominent (Capocchi and Pierotti, 2020). This
not only spoils the images of the nations where the crimes happen along with it shatters the trust
among the tourists which results in decreased tourist visits in the nation.
CONCLUSION
This aim of the essay was to provide the overview of the aspects associated with the
tourism industry. Through the essay the concept of tourism industry has been analysed which
included the identification of the position the tourism industry holds across the globe and the
ways through which it is contributing to the economy of the nations. The economic benefit that
the industry has to offer is unbeatable and is the biggest reason for the booming economies of the
nations. Tourism has helped in building international relations with several other nations, which
turns out to be beneficial in the times of hurry and emergencies. The essay also focused on the
accessibility of tourism and the benefits that the industry will experience after the implication of
sustainable and accessible tourism. As half of the world population is not able to travel because
of the disabilities they inherit, as the tourism industry neither resources nor a well trained staff
which helps in making the journey of these individuals much feasible. With the successful
implication of sustainable tourism, the industry will expand its business twice the times because
the people will disabilities will also be able to travel. Many researchers put their efforts in
understanding the motivation behind the travelling choices they made, for which many
motivation theories were implied to understand the root cause of the tourists. The main reasons
why people preferred travelling includes medical reasons, wellness reasons and many travelled
to gain their higher education.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
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Litvin, S.W., Smith, W.W. and McEwen, W.R., 2020. Not in my backyard: personal politics and
resident attitudes toward tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 59(4), pp.674-685.
Schänzel, H.A., 2022. Family tourism. In Encyclopedia of Tourism Management and Marketing
(pp. 215-218). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Fatimah, S., and et.al, 2021. Public Historian Period Pandemic: Impact Overview COVID-19 to
Tourism Sector and Sustainability Society Economy Bukittinggi. Ilkogretim Online,
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Kapera, I., 2018. Sustainable tourism development efforts by local governments in Poland.
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Ratten, V., Braga, V., Álvarez-García, J. and Del Río, M.D.L.C. eds., 2019. Tourism innovation:
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Kanwal, S., and et.al, 2020. Road and transport infrastructure development and community
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Young, M. and Markham, F., 2020. Tourism, capital, and the commodification of place. Progress
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Su, M.M., and et.al, 2020. Empowerment of women through cultural tourism: perspectives of
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