Tourism Destination Development: A Review

This assignment examines the multifaceted realm of tourism destination development. It requires a critical review of recent literature on topics such as sustainable tourism practices, the evolution towards smart destinations, and the impact of tourism on local residents' quality of life. Students are expected to analyze scholarly articles and synthesize key findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of current trends and challenges in the field.

TOURIST
DESTINATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Analyse main tourist destinations and generators in terms of visitors and income
generation...............................................................................................................................3
1.2 Analyse the statistics which determine tourist destination and future trends...................6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destination................................7
2.2 Comparing features of developing and leading Tourist destinations...............................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Analyse issues that affects popular tourist destination.....................................................9
4.2 Potential responsibility of tourism which enhance host community at worldwide
destination.............................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Travel and Tourism is considered as one of the important building block of the economy
of every country. Due to this, the industry is getting good support from the governing bodies of
the respective countries. With updated trends and technology, many companies are adapting
several methods and techniques in order to provide quality service to the customers. There are
various tourist destinations across the world which are earning huge amount of revenue in this
sector. UK is considered to be one of the most famous tourist destination with many tourist
destinations and great amount of tourist visitors in the country (Brouder and et. al., 2016). The
report will provide a brief outlook of the tourist industry in developed and developing countries.
Additionally, the report will discuss about the statistic data of income generation and number of
visitors in order to analyse the changes in tourism industry and visitor patterns.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse main tourist destinations and generators in terms of visitors and income generation.
Titan tour is a well known tours and travel company in UK. It is a multi award winning
companies which provides excellent services like VIP door to door travel services, designed
escorted holidays and many more. The company operates in many famous tourism countries like
UK, Europe, Asia, India and many other countries(Content Marketing for Travel, Tourism and
Hospitality, 2017). From past few years, the living standards of citizens of UK have seen to be
rising. This is why, they are also contributing in the tourism sector of the country. There are
numerous tourist destination in UK. This is why, it attracts so many tourists from all over the
world. This not only helps in earnings for the tourism companies, retailers, transportation and
other industry also earns by these means in the respective country. Apart from UK, there are
many other locations which are famous for tourists destinations and other attractions such as
Italy, Europe, France, etc. (Bruwer and Joy, 2017).
According to the latest research, it has been analysed that the number of visitors in 2013
were approx. 31.3 million and in 2014, the total number of tourists were near by 32.6 million
which was the highest in UK. This shows that the tourism industry plays a major role in
developing and earning for the economy of the respective country. Hence, from the above data it
can be concluded that UK left behind other countries like Thailand, China and Mexico by its
maximum number of tourists. One of the research from a well known leading magazine states

that the number of international tourists in 2013 were near by 177.9 billion. However, the rate
declined 177.2 billion. Some of the famous tourists destinations around the world are mentioned
below:
 Hong Kong- It is one of the most beautiful and empyreal area which attracts a large
number of visitors. The number of tourists in 2013 were 41.2 million (Bruwer, Gross and
Lee, 2016). Whereas, the total number of tourists declined to 32.5 million in 2014 which
is a huge drop in the graph.
 Thailand- This destination attracts customers with economical budgets as the travel
expenses is comparatively cheaper due to rate of their currency. Additionally, the
destination includes many attractive locations and Buddha temples particularly in
Bangkok. This is why, the estimated number of tourists by 2015 were around 50 million
which is increasing every year (Buosi, Lima and Silva, 2017).
 Turkey- This location is famous for its eye catching ancient buildings and history. The
respective country is also famous for its culture and food. In 2013, the total number of
visitors in the country were 37.8 million which raised to 45 million till 2016 (Chen and
Chen, 2017). This shows a huge growth in the tourism sector of Turkey and the
contribution of this respective sector in the country's economy can be clearly seen.
 France- It is known as the most preferred tourist destination for international tourists
because of its food, culture, and other elements. The country is also well known for its
beautiful architectures and historic locations. The number of tourists in 2016 were
calculated to be around 12 million which has been increasing since then ( Cucculelli and
Goffi, 2016). This shows that France is a one of the most likeable place by visitors.
The following report represents the topmost tourists destinations and their data which was issued
in 2014:
Place as
per 2014
Nation Places for
tourists
Visitors
number in
2014
Visitors
number in
2013
Visitors
number in
2011
Income
generated by
Foreign
tourists in
2016(pound)
1. France Nice 83750000 83650000 79,550,000 221.13

Lyon
Cannes
Paris
Chamonix
billion
2. United
States
Las Vegas
Chicago
Los Angeles
Seattle
New York
74,850,000 70,050,000 62,350,000 1509.2
billion
3. Spain Seville
Valencia
Madrid
Majorca
Barcelona
65,050,000 60,705,000 56,705,000 177.2 billion
4. China Mekong
Guilin
Shanghai
Suzhou
Xi'an
55,650,000 55,505,000 57,620,000 1000.7
billion
5. Italy Milan
Pisa
Rome
Venice
Capri
48,603,000 47,705,000 46,100,200 207.6 billion
6. Turkey Antalya
Alanya
Ankara
Fethiye
Bodrum
39,800,200 37,806,000 29,320,000 95.8 billion

7. Germany Berlin
Cologne
Potsdam
Hamburg
Danube
33,020,000 31,505,000 28,460,000 60 billion
8. United
Kingdom
Skye
London
Bath
York
Loch Ness
32,620,000 31,101,000 29,240,000 22.5 billion
9. Russia Kazan
Sochi
Lake Baikal
Moscow
Petergof
29,802,000 28,410,000 22,740,000 113.5 billion
10. Mexico Cozumel
Tulum
Acapulco
Mexico City
Chichen
Itza
29,105,000 24,203,000 23,450,000 165.9 billion
(Source: The World Travel & Tourism Council. 2017)
1.2 Analyse the statistics which determine tourist destination and future trends
Year Total
Number of
visitors
(million)
Expenditure
(Billion)
Average
spends per
visit
Average cost
of nights per
stay
International
balance of
cost (billion)
2003 24.15 € 14.25 €402 8.3 -€ 16.33
2004 27.23 € 25.23 € 423 8.2 -€ 13.63

2005 29.45 € 12.36 € 456 8.3 -€ 14.22
2006 25.25 € 52.32 € 500 7.2 -€ 14.56
2007 30.12 € 25.32 € 521 7.4 -€ 14.57
2008 31.36 € 52.23 € 563 7.3 -€ 20.32
2009 31.45 € 96.12 € 589 7.8 -€ 21.36
2010 33.25 € 12.23 € 601 7.7 -€ 22.36
2011 33.85 € 45.21 € 621 6.3 -€ 14.63
2012 34.12 € 52.21 € 632 6.5 -€ 15.69
2013 35.96 € 12.32 € 655 6.2 -€ 18.96
2014 38.87 € 45.23 € 687 6.8 -€ 20.58
According the the analytical data of the most recent 10 years pattern, it can be assured
that the number of visitors were immense. This helps in expanding the income of the nation in
the most reasonable way. From the above data, it can also be concluded that US is the is at the
top position in the tourism industry. The number of tourists have been increasing with every year
which shows a great scope in travel and tourism sector. The destinations among tourism are
measured by their maintenance and improvement in their quality which helps them in coping up
with other countries tourists divisions. This helps in acknowledging the developed and most
maintained tourists destinations across the world which provides quality services to the
customers. The GDP rate reflects an increment of 10% in past 5 years which can offer around 4
million employment opportunities to the people (Dwyer, Tomljenović and Čorak, 2016.).
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destination
The Global Product Analyst put in many efforts in order to attract more tourism towards
their centre. This helped them in producing pay in large sum of money.
Features Rome London

Cultural This country is well known for
its beautiful heritage and eye
catching tourists spots. This is
the main reason for the large
number of visitors every year
(Haydam and et. al., 2017).
Along with this, Rome is also
famous for their historical
structures and destinations
which makes it different from
other tourism spots in different
countries.
London is a beautiful tourist
destination which is most
preferred by families and
history lovers. This is because
of the historical locations in
the beautiful city which is well
best-known around the world.
Social Rome is one of the country
which is very close to its roots
and culture. All the local
citizens prefers following the
culture of the country which is
one of the uniqueness of
Rome. They are well versed
and connected to their history
which attracts other visitors
too.
The tourism in London plays a
crucial role in the growth of
the country's economy. The
city has a dynamic history and
culture which helps in
attaining attention of many
number of visitors.
Physical Royal has various royal
residence including inwards
and outwards appearance.
These are acquired in the past
sovereign inhabitant which
reflects attractive location of
the country.
London is famous for its
atmospheric conditions along
with other tourist location
where visitors prefer to spend
time along with their near
ones. The number of visitors in
2015 were approx. 17,404,000
which reflects a huge amount

of tourism in the country
(Jovicic, 2017.).
2.2 Comparing features of developing and leading Tourist destinations.
Features UK China
Historic factor and Cultural
Values
The respective country have
more number of visitors at the
time of festive seasons.
Tourists visit the beautiful
location to witness their
festival, cultures and beliefs
which are more likely to be
attracting more number of
tourism( Liao and Lam, 2016).
China is the 4th largest country
in terms of visitors. This is
because of the latest
development that has took
place in various cities of the
country. Additionally, the
number of visitors are
increasing every year.
Social Features The countries guarantees to
fulfil the demands of the
visitors which is why, the
guests receive extraordinary
administrations in every sector
of the country.
The country's harmony, peace
and diverse culture helps in
attracting vast number of
tourism to the country(Lin, Lai
and Zou, 2017).
Physical Characteristics UK is famous for the fabric
material and clothing. Hence,
maximum number of tourists
get involved in shopping.
Additionally, the
transportation services are also
very convenient and advance
which smooths out the
travelling experience of the
explorers.
China is famous for its
technological advancement.
Various sectors that attracts the
tourists in the respective
country is transportation
advancement. Apart from this,
China is also more liked
because of its hospitality
facilities.

TASK 3
(Covered in PPT)
TASK 4
4.1 Analyse issues that affects popular tourist destination
United kingdom is the country which has various destination to visit and travel. There are
various issues and problems that directly affects the image of country in terms of destination and
locations. The UK government has measure and evaluate the correct actions for establish
goodwill in the market place in better manner. If there are building negative image of the nation
so this will affects on the nation economy. It is essential for developing strict actions which harm
or damage the image of country. There are various factors which affects the popularity of
destinations that are described as under:
 Territory tourism us the major aspect which directly impact on image of destination of
United kingdom. There are various stores and local accommodation that includes hotels,
motels, etc. near by tourists locations who sale their goods at reasonable rate and this will
provide wring impression in the mind of travellers.
Inflation price in the native country may affects the business operations of local traders.
There are various foreign visitors required local currency for spending. Sometime, there is
fluctuations in the currency so it is ultimately affects the economy of the nation.
 UK government has largest amount of income and revenue from travel and tour business.
There are around 70 to 80% income out of its get to airlines firm and hotel sector
(Engand et. al 2017). If accurate services and facilities associated to hotels which is not
provided then this will hampers the country goodwill or reputation. It is essential to offer
best hotels and airline facilities to their travellers by Titan Travel.
 Tourist destinations in the society, so social factors is important component in hampering
the goodwill of the nation. There should be proper common services, facilities and
drainage system and so more which assist them in providing good image in the eye of
tourists (Viken and Granås, 2016). The country government must develop appropriate
policies and strategies which are related to cleanliness of society and community.

 From previous years, there are number of travellers and visitors due to which United
kingdom became crowdy and dirty. It also affects on the image of country. Such factors
affects the health so tourists are not like to come to visit such destinations.
 The policy of government required factors of tourist business. There are some changes in
political parties affects tourism business, so there is requirement of modifications in
strategies and policies effectively. It directly affects the decision making of company
whch help them in gaining more income and profitability.
 In tourist regions, there are some hawkers who are follow the visitors and irritate them for
purchasing their goods and products, this is give bad image in the mind of travellers
(Saarinen, 2017).
All the above factors are essential and relevant that has to be taken into consideration to
develop United kingdom as the hub of tourists or visitors. It must be appropriate infrastructure of
tourist places and locations. There are certain provisions of feedbacks so they are developing
accurate policies or strategies.
4.2 Potential responsibility of tourism which enhance host community at worldwide destination
When tourist attacking, government take necessary actions for redesigning city in proper
manner. It is the tour operator role is to provide safety and security to carry out people from one
place to another. They required to inform them about the flights which can be cancelled so this
will create mismanagement of travel company. For example, in Nepal after occurrence of
earthquake, different community schools and hubs were redesigned and structured again
(Seiver,and Matthews 2016). For this, government conduct activities which provide help to
children to make them able in eliminating the past experience.
Tour and tourism industry main duty and responsibility is to gain attention of large
number of customers by using such activities. They need to carry out different task through
which they get adequate outcomes which can ascertained by them. In London, tourism activities
assist in enhancing the growth and development level.
 Community hub and various schools are the major priority for reconstruction after the
earthquake in Nepal because the government require to give children step back in the
normal life (Suhartanto, 2017). The government main aim is to provide required services
and protection to the country people in the time period.

 In order to protect their people from swine flu disease, authority has develop safety and
security provisions because it spreads widely and mainly populated areas. Thus,
campaigns are also organised and arranged so they make public aware about the
precautionary factors and also the epidemic.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be analysed that tourism is a very essential sector for
the development of the economy of UK and all the other countries. The industry has been
adapting any modified modes and techniques to attract more number of customers. The tourists
are investing more in buying packages in order to enhance their travel experience and acquire a
well managed trip. Apart from this, the report also studies various tourist locations which are
most likeable by the explorers such as UK, France, Spain, China, etc. The prime responsibility of
this sector is to provide appropriate facilities to the explorers assuring their security, service
quality and repetitive business by the visitors.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Brouder, P. and et. al., 2016. Tourism destination evolution. Routledge.
Bruwer, J. and Joy, A., 2017. Tourism destination image (TDI) perception of a Canadian
regional winescape: a free-text macro approach. Tourism Recreation Research. pp.1-13.
Bruwer, J., Gross, M. J. and Lee, H. C., 2016. Tourism destination image (TDI) perception
within a regional winescape context. Tourism Analysis.21(2-3). pp.173-187.
Buosi, M. D. A., Lima, S. D. O. and Silva, Á., 2017. Relationship between the perception of
sustainable development and the place image for residents of an international tourism
destination. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo. 26(1). pp.128-149.
Chen, M. and Chen, J., 2017, July. Effects of Internet Word-of-Mouth of a Tourism Destination
on Consumer Purchase Intention: Based on Temporal Distance and Social Distance. In
International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management. pp.
321-330. Springer, Cham.
Cucculelli, M. and Goffi, G., 2016. Does sustainability enhance tourism destination
competitiveness? Evidence from Italian Destinations of Excellence. Journal of Cleaner
Production. 111. pp.370-382.
Dwyer, L., Tomljenović, R. and Čorak, S. eds., 2016. Evolution of Destination Planning and
Strategy: The Rise of Tourism in Croatia. Springer.
Haydam, N. and et. al., 2017. Explaining Satisfaction at a Foreign Tourism Destination–an Intra-
Generational Approach. Evidence within Generation Y from South Africa and Romania.
The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal. 19(45). pp.528-528.
Jovicic, D. Z., 2017. From the traditional understanding of tourism destination to the smart
tourism destination. Current Issues in Tourism. pp.1-7.
Liao, X. Y., So, S. I. and Lam, D., 2016. Residents’ perceptions of the role of leisure satisfaction
and quality of life in overall tourism development: Case of a fast-growing tourism
destination–Macao. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research. 21(10). pp.1100-1113.
Lin, W., Lai, S. and Zou, Y., 2017. Effect mechanism of the tourism safety climate on the
visitor's safety behavior about island tourism destination: the empirical data from Sanya
and Xiamen. Tourism Tribune. 32(2). pp.104-116.
Mendola, D. and Volo, S., 2017. Building composite indicators in tourism studies:
Measurements and applications in tourism destination competitiveness. Tourism
Management. 59. pp.541-553.
Michailidou, A. V. and et. al., 2016. Life Cycle Thinking used for assessing the environmental
impacts of tourism activity for a Greek tourism destination. Journal of Cleaner
Production. 111. pp.499-510.
Peng, H. and et. al., 2017. Eco-efficiency and its determinants at a tourism destination: A case
study of Huangshan National Park, China. Tourism Management. 60. pp.201-211.
Saarinen, J., 2017. Enclavic tourism spaces: territorialization and bordering in tourism
destination development and planning. Tourism Geographies. 19(3). pp.425-437.
Seiver, B. and Matthews, A., 2016. Beyond whiteness: a comparative analysis of representations
of Aboriginality in tourism destination images in New South Wales, Australia. Journal
of Sustainable Tourism. 24(8-9). pp.1298-1314.