Analysis of Tourist Destinations Management Models

The assignment provided is an in-depth analysis of various tourism management models for different tourist destinations. It includes a collection of research papers and articles from 2014 to 2017, covering topics such as European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) models, gastronomy's contributions to border tourist destinations, waste problems in Carpathian regions, and destination competitiveness measures. The assignment also touches on the role of local agents in dynamic evolution and path dependence in coastal tourist destinations.

TOURIST
DESTINATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analyse main tourist destination of the world in terms of tourists and income generation..1
1.2 Analyse statistics to determine tourism destination and future trends. ...........................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Cultural, social and physical features of tourists destination...........................................5
2.2 Comparing features of developing and leading tourist destinations................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................9
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations......................................9
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at
..............................................................................................................................................11
worldwide tourist destinations..............................................................................................11
CONCLUSION:.............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION:
Travel and tourism industry is growing very rapidly. People from all around the world are
highly attracted towards this industry. An increase in income level of people has enabled them to
spend free and luxury time by travelling in other countries (Iunius, Cismaru, and Foris, 2015)
This has allowed tourism sector to increase their range or products and provide more facilities to
people. Also, tour operators have to provide high quality services to customers. But there are
various factors that are affecting people to travel. These are security issues, climate conditions,
cultural issues, etc. this report will highlight on top tourist destinations in the world and their
culture, social features (Rajaratnam, and et..al 2015). Also, it shows how characteristics of a
tourist destination affect its attractiveness and what are the issues that affect the popularity of
tourist destinations.
In this report, Virgin Holidays Limited will have to develop new products in order to
increase its range and attract new customers. Besides this, they have to improve service quality
by analysing different factors.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse main tourist destination of the world in terms of tourists and income generation
The entire world consists of many tourists' destination. They exist in different countries
with their own uniqueness and features. They have their own history and concept behind it.
These destinations have attracted people attention towards them. More and more people wants to
visit these place once in their life (Aria, and Corte, 2016). It has also created a platform for
country t promote and maintain tourist spot. There are five tourist destinations described below :-
Buckingham Palace, United Kingdom- This place is a major attraction of tourist across the
world. It is a royal London residence and headquarter of monarch. It is locates in the city of
Westminster. It was brought by George III for his Queen Charlotte in 1761 and is been in the
hands of private ownership since 150 years. Generally, it is used for official events. It consists of
775 rooms. According to survey conducted more than 50000 people visits this palace every day.
It is a focal point for significant national celebrations and commemorations.
Effile tower, France – It was constructed by Gustave Efflile and this tower was named after
him. The organisation that developed this tower was owned by Gustave Effile (Sriramoju Ajay,
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2017). Its took almost 2 years for this tower to get completed. Its construction started in 1887
and finished in 1889. It became the most famous tourist destination in France and across Europe.
It is observed that approximately 6.91 people visited this in 2015. A survey conducted shows that
almost 25000 people visits this place every day. The ticket structure is based on how high a
person wants to go. It means lowest level ticket is low and highest level is high. It is having two
restaurants in first and second floor (Beritelli, and Laesser, 2016). People visits this place to
have an amazing experience. Also, it shows the dignity of having an apex structure in Europe.
Statue of Liberty, United stated of America - It is a world largest sculpture gifted by people
of France to United states as a symbol of democracy and freedom. It was given in October 28,
1886. it is one of US most popular tourist attraction. Many Hollywood film shooting has been
done at that place. This has attracted large number of people to visit this place. It was renovated
by investing about $30 million. The ticket depends upon the age of people. Children, adults, old
people are having different ticket price. Nearly 3.5 million people visit Statue of Liberty every
year.
Burj Khalifa, Dubai – It is the world tallest skyscraper situated in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
With the height of 829.8 metres it is the tallest building in the world. Its construction began in
2004 and took it 5 years to complete it (Soares, Baidal, and Gândara, 2016). Since than it is
emerged as top tourist destination for tourists. Also, it consists of hotel, villas, apartments,
offices, etc. It has been ranked at number 2 by trip advisor among 422 tourists spots in Dubai. In
recent times it is Dubai most visited tourist destination with more than 1.87 million people in a
year. These figures are increasing every year. Therefore, many tourist organisation have started
providing services in Dubai.
Taj Mahal, India- It is a very beautiful historical monument that was built by Mughal Empror
Shah Jahan in 1632 for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. India is a developing country that provides
tourist to explore its culture and history of ancient dynasty. It is located in south bank of
Yamuna river, in Agra. It has been included in seven wonders of the world by UNESCO. The
beauty and art of structure attracts every tourist to visit Taj Mahal. More than two million
visitors were documented by UNESCO in 2001, which increases to around 7-8 million in the end
of 2014. Tourists purpose is to explore art and culture of ancient dynasty (Pandža Bajs, 2015).
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1.2 Analyse statistics to determine tourism destination and future trends.
Table 1: Data and Growth of 5 Tourist Destinations
Tourist Destination Statistical Data Increase/Decrease
in %
Visitors in 2015
(Approx)
Visits in 2016
(Approx)
Buckingham
Palace, United
Kingdom-
413000
Effile tower, France 6910000 6917000 0.10%
Statue of Liberty,
United stated of
America
10 million 12 million 2%
Burj Khalifa, Dubai 14.2 million 14.9 million 5 %
Taj Mahal, India 7000000 8500000 21.42%
Determination of current and future trends
Buckingham Palace, United Kingdom-
Current Trend- It is the most visited place in UK about 41300 people crossed across it in 2016.
it has increase after the terrorist attacks of train blasts in 2008. this is because of increase in
security and change in visa policies of UK government. Also, they have created strong
regulations regarding tourists coming from abroad.
Future Trends- This shows that visitors will increase in coming years. It is due to strict laws
and policies implemented by government for providing security. So accordingly Virgin holidays
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can provide more services to people (de Miguel, 2018). This will enable them to attract
customers and expand business range. But due to Brexit from EU it can affect tourist to visit UK.
Effile tower, France
Current Trends- There has been little increase in tourists visiting Effile tower. The reason
behind this is increasing terrorist attacks in France has created feeling of fear among people.
They hesitate before making plan to visit France.
Future Trends- Government have developed strict rules and regulations. Thus, virgin holiday
can increase its security services. Company can make ensure people about security and can
attract them. In this way group can increase number of visitors.
Statue of Liberty, United stated of America
Current Trends- The number of people travelling to America has increased to a great extent.
This has increase number of visitors of Statue of Liberty. Besides this, high class society and
good behaviour of people is reason for this (.Sánchez, Campo, and Alvarez, 2016).
Future Trends- Growth can be increased if there is flexibility in services and reduction of
price. Virgin limited can offer people different services according to their needs. This will help
in making their presence stronger in US.
Burj Khalifa, Dubai
Current Trends- Due to continuous development of infrastructure and services in Dubai, people
are travelling in large amounts. There has been rapid increase in visitors of Burj Khalifa. Also,
due to flexibility in visa policies tour organisation are focusing on middle east countries.
Future Trends- There will be more growth in these countries due to infrastructure development.
But if high security measures are implemented then it will be easy for people to travel there.
Taj Mahal, India
Current trends- Due to marketing campaign launched by Indian government known as
Incredible India, there has been rise in 21.425 of tourists. This has attracted people from all over
the world to visit India (Limberger, and Mendes, 2015).
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Future trends – Government is protecting Taj from effects of pollution to maintain it s beauty.
This will attract more visitors. Taj Mahal revenue depend more on foreign visitors. Increase in
tour packages can attract visitors from all over world.
TASK 2
2.1 Cultural, social and physical features of tourists destination
The cultural, social and physical features defines growth and opportunities that can be
used to develop tourist destination. As Junior Product Analyst, virgin holiday can develop new
product and services to attract new customers. It will help them to increase customer satisfaction
and retaining customers. Also, they company can expands its business operations in different
countries.
Cultural, Social, Physical Features of UK-
Cultural Features
 Most of the people belongs to Christianity religion. Thus, they are having a huge
influence of Christianity in UK.
 Besides this media, music, education are essential aspects of UK people.
 They are having a rich and high class lifestyle that attracts tourists. Moreover, due to
popular football stadiums and clubs people gets attracted towards them (Murava, and
Korobeinykova, 2016).
Social Features
 Its political structure is divided into two houses of parliament that is house of cards and
house of commons. It represents lower and upper class man.
 A high level of education system and reputed universities have created an impact on
society. This has enables to represent themselves as educated one.
 Other than this wealth, vocations and high class lifestyle creates a great influence on
tourists.
Physical Features
 UK is surrounded by a well developed neighbouring countries.
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 London is the most attracted place in the world. It is having a high class street shopping.
Cultural, Social Physical, Features, of United Arab Emirates:-
Cultural Features
 Most of the people follow Islam. This shows value and beliefs of people towards their
religion.
 Education, society and culture are important aspect of their life.
 Having high and upper middle class society attracts people to visit Dubai.
Social Features
Modernisation in people have allowed them to use the latest things. This has improved their
living standard.
Change in policies relating to women has allowed Dubai to attract people.
Physical Features
 It is the second largest emirate having area of 3885 square kilometres.
 Dubai, creek, Palm islands. The world, etc. are modern structure that has been developed.
It has transformed Dubai into a tourist hub.
Table 2: Comparison between developed and developing tourist destinations
Basis Developed tourist destination Developing tourist
destination
Meaning It refers to those places that are
having a good economic and
social condition. Also, an
advance infrastructure and
technology represents country
image. It shows high class
society and effective tourism
They are nations that are
making infrastructure
development to become
developed. This includes
improving economy,
income level, and various
other basic amenities. For
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management. example India.
Examples UK, USA, Europe, China, etc.
are examples of it. These
countries are leading tourist
destinations.
India, South Africa, etc.
are examples of it. They are
developing and becoming
tourist destinations.
2.2 Comparing features of developing and leading tourist destinations
Table 3: Comparison between features of Buckingham Palace, United Kingdom Burj and
Khalifa, Dubai
Features Buckingham Palace, United
Kingdom-
Burj Khalifa, Dubai
Cultural  A developed nation
whose main religion is
Christianity.
 Their official language
is English
 Developing nation
where man
religion is Islam.
 Official language
is Arabic.
Social  A high class lifestyle of
society and very
modern people.
 On the basis on income
level society is been
classified.
 It is not having a
high class society
but most of them
belongs to upper
middle class.
 Very attractive
place to explore
Physical  Most of the times  Dubai is having a
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winter season is there.
People prefers to travel
in Christmas and in
spring season.
 Due to increase in
football culture people
are getting attracted
towards it.
stable climate
condition, but in
summers it
becomes very
difficult to travel
there.
 People visit Dubai
mostly for
celebrating new
year.
Table 4: Comparison between features of Buckingham Palace, United Kingdom Burj and
Khalifa, Dubai
Features Effile tower, France Taj Mahal, India
Cultural  A developed nation
whose main religion is
Christianity.
 Official language
spoken by people is
French.
 India is having a
diversified culture.
 There is no official
language that is
spoken by people.
Social  A major proportion of
high class people
including some middle
class.
 People enjoy their life
by getting involved
 Society consists of
beliefs and values
that is properly
followed by
people.
 Tourists can
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with others. explore different
cultures in
different states.
 Mostly people
belongs to middle
class family.
Physical  Climate remains cold
in most of time.
 France is having a well
developed
infrastructure.
 It depends upon
timing of season.
Generally, north
and south region
will have different
types of climate.
TASK 3
Covered in PPT
TASK 4
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations
Tourist destinations are highly affected by various issues that restrict people to visit that
place. It may be related to environment, cultural or security factors. Tour operators have to
analyse these issues while developing new services. Besides this, these issues affect popularity of
famous tourist destinations (Morozov, and Morozova, 2016). So, as a junior product analyst of
Virgin Holidays Limited, the management report that describe issues are as follows:-
Climate- It plays a vital role in travelling to other countries. This is because people prefer to
travel in suitable climatic conditions. Besides this, there is a specific time period in which people
loves to travel. For example- most of the people travel to Europe in spring season. This is
because in winters, the temperature is very low. Also, in some tourist destination, climate
becomes much mesmerised that people feels happy and enjoy visiting there. Besides this, people
who love snowy climatic condition loves to travel across Europe in winters (López-Guzmán,
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Orgaz-Argüera, and Ribeiro, 2015). They are benefited in both ways as they enjoy snow and
visit famous tourist places as well.
Natural disasters – In recent times, an increase in natural disasters have created a feeling of fear
in people. They get nervous when they hear anything related to it. Thus, this affects tourist place
and tourism sector as people avoid visiting that place. Also, it is not possible to predict the
future. Thus, disaster prone countries are highly affected by occurring of natural disasters. For
example- Japan faces more earthquake than any other countries. This affects their tourist industry
(Miskalo-Cruz, Gândara, and Silveira, 2016). But due to their strong polices, they are able to
overcome any disaster. They immediately take action and repair the damage. This has made them
a leading tourist destination.
Sustainability- It means how far a tourist destination is able to survive in the future. If more will
be chances of sustainability more tourist will be attracted towards it. It also depends upon how
citizens and government of that country is making efforts to protect that. For example-
destinations in European countries are very sustainable as compared to countries like North
Korea and Pakistan.
Environmental conditions- The atmosphere of country must be peaceful and clean. People
prefer to go that place where they find peace and enjoyment. If these conditions will be poor than
it will result in very fewer tourists (Perles-Ribes, Ramón-Rodríguez, and Sevilla-Jiménez,
2014). It also depends upon what policies and regulations exist to control these condition and
maintaining healthy environment. Besides this, what is level of pollution in that country. For
example- countries such as Iceland, Norway and Sweden are the most clean.
Image of country- It is measured by combing various factors such as political or economic
situation, social policy, etc. Stability in these conditions will attract different tourist. It also helps
in maintaining the popularity of tourist destination (Iunius, Cismaru, and Foris, 2015). Also, it
reflects country future condition and people behaviour. Cultural and societal status is determined
by income level of people. For example- France and Italy are having a very good image in the
world for their relations with other countries.
Security – It has emerged as a new factor that needs to be considered. It also contributes in
affecting the popularity of tourist destination. Due to rise in terrorist attacks people don not go to
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countries who are having a high chances of attacks. This results in poor image of that nation. For
example- Pakistan and middle east countries are facing large amount of terrorist attacks.
(Beritelli, and Laesser, 2016). This is poignant their economy as well as damaging historical
places and famous tourist destinations.
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at
worldwide tourist destinations
Virgin Holidays limited is having a wide range of services available to people. They are
having a variety of products according to the needs of people. Besides this, they are serving a
wide range of area all over the world. This is due to effective leadership of Virgin Holidays in
UK. Along with this, they have diversified services in different regions of the world. Company
mostly operates in UK and is able to earn stable amount of profits (Limberger, and Mendes,
2015). But due to change in demands and taste of people enterprise must focus on countries
such as Dubai, India, etc. who are becoming a hot tourist destination in recent times. Virgin
holiday must involve countries such as Turkey, Cuba, etc. to enhance their services. There is a
lot of
Increase in pollution level in a concern for tourism sector. This is harmful for
environment. It is observed that there has been 5% increase in carbon emissions in world. Thus,
tourism sector must protect environment by taking appropriate actions. Virgin limited is working
on this by creating policies. They are established solar systems in their offices. Also, they have
effectively involved in corporate social responsibility. Furthermore, they are protecting social,
cultural, feature of country (Murava, and Korobeinykova, 2016). Countries like Egypt, Burma,
etc. are facing various issues and terrorist attacks. Hence, tourism sector must consider this factor
while providing security to people.
CONCLUSION:
This report concludes that tourists' destination is affected by many factors such as
popularity, climate, sustainability, etc. The entire world consists of many tourists' destination.
They exist in different countries with their own uniqueness and features. The cultural, social and
physical features defines growth and opportunities that can be used to develop tourist destination.
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Tourist destination are highly affected by various issues that restrict people to visit that place. It
may be related to environment, cultural or security factors. Tour operators have to analyse these
issues while developing new services. Increase in pollution level in a concern for tourism sector.
Thus, tourism sector must protect environment by taking appropriate actions. Role of responsible
tourism and importance of sustainable growth with reference of several countries also been made
in the report.
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REFERENCES:
Books and journals:
Aria, M. and Corte, V.D., 2016. Coopetition and sustainable competitive advantage. The case of
tourist destinations.
Beritelli, P. and Laesser, C., 2016. Variable geometry for DMOs A principle for effective
business development in tourist destinations.
de Miguel, S.M., 2018. NICTs in the promotion of tourist destinations. A case study in the
community of Madrid. International Journal of Scientific Management and Tourism.4(1).
pp.167-202.
Iunius, R.F., Cismaru, L. and Foris, D., 2015. Raising competitiveness for tourist destinations
through information technologies within the newest tourism action framework proposed by
the European commission. Sustainability.7(9). pp.12891-12909.
Limberger, P.F. and Mendes, J.D.C., 2015. The management model of European Foundation for
Quality Management (EFQM) for tourist destinations: a theoretical discussion. Rosa dos
Ventos.7(4). pp.561-573.
López-Guzmán, T., Orgaz-Argüera, F. and Ribeiro, M.A., 2015. Contributions of gastronomy
for developing border tourist destinations: a case study. Revista Turismo &
Desenvolvimento. (24). pp.9-20.
Miskalo-Cruz, M., Gândara, J.M. and Silveira, C.E., 2016. Construction of an evaluation model
for planning, management and control of urban smart tourist destinations based on Curitiba
case. Cultur: Revista de Cultura e Turismo.10(2). pp.97-102.
Morozov, M.A. and Morozova, N.S., 2016. Attractive tourist destinations as a factor of its
development. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism.7(1 (13)). p.105.
Murava, I. and Korobeinykova, Y., 2016. The analysis of the waste problem in tourist
destinations on the example of Carpathian region in Ukraine. Journal of Ecological
Engineering.17(2).
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Pandža Bajs, I., 2015. Tourist perceived value, relationship to satisfaction, and behavioral
intentions: The example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik. Journal of Travel
Research.54(1). pp.122-134.
Perles-Ribes, J.F., Ramón-Rodríguez, A.B. and Sevilla-Jiménez, M., 2014. Market share as a
tourist destinations competitiveness measure: Sense and limitations. Cuadernos de Turismo.
(34) p.423.
Rajaratnam, and et..al 2015. Destination quality and tourists’ behavioural intentions: rural tourist
destinations in Malaysia. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes.7(5). pp.463-472.
Sánchez, M., Campo, S. and Alvarez, M.D., 2016. The effect of animosity on the intention to
visit tourist destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.
Soares, J.C., Baidal, J.A.I. and Gândara, J.M., 2016. Dynamic evolution and path dependence in
coastal tourist destinations: the role and the perception of the local agents from a
comparative point of view. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo.25(2). pp.164-185.
Sriramoju Ajay, B., 2017. Investigation of Feasible Tourist Destinations using Android Mobile
App. International Journal Of Research In Science & Engineering.3(2). p.9.
Xiang, Z., Pan, B. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2014. Foundations of search engine marketing for
tourist destinations. The Routledge handbook of tourism marketing. pp.505-519.
Online:
What is Tourism Management?. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-tourism-managementl>
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