Transportation of Dangerous Goods

This report addresses the dangers in mishandling of dangerous goods by vehicles travelling by road. It discusses accidents involving trucks carrying sulphuric acid and the safety concerns of freight vehicles.

Running head: TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Name of Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

1TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS
Executive Summary:
This report addresses the dangers in mishandling of dangerous goods by vehicles
travelling by road. The first article deals with an accident that occurred in Zambia concerning
trucks carrying and transporting sulphuric acid and the second article is focused on the safety
concerns of the freight vehicles present in Australia and an audit that was done to ensure that
all follow the correct regulations and codes of conduct. It was found from the first article that
most of the accidents occurred due to carelessness of the drivers in not being able to drive
appropriately when carrying dangerous goods. The second article focuses on the trucks not
following the specific guidelines, resulting in increased number of accidents to occur. This
article mainly focuses on the ethics and code of conduct that requires to be followed when
transporting dangerous goods by road.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction:.......................................................................................................................3
2. Discussion:.........................................................................................................................3
2.1 Truck Spills Dangerous Sulphuric Acid in Zambia:..................................................3
2.2. Zambia’s Record of Accident Prone Roads...............................................................6
2.2.1. Other Sulphuric Acid Spill Accidents in Zambia:.................................................7
2.2.2. Some Suggestions to Stop Future Accidents.........................................................8
2.3. Freight Company Fined After Dangerous Gods Safety Checks:...............................9
2.4. Legal Actions taken for Such Accidents:.................................................................11
2.5. Consequences of Truck Mishaps with flammable Objects:.....................................12
3. Conclusion....................................................................................................................15
References:...........................................................................................................................16

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1. Introduction:
There is a global policy of Transportation of Dangerous Goods (TDG) Act and
Regulations which ensure that freight vehicles are able to transport these goods following the
appropriate public safety rules whether it be by road, rail, air or water (Conca, Ridella and
Sapori 2016). There are different classes which can categorize the various different
dangerous goods, most of them come under the hazardous materials list and the materials
under this category are ones that are radioactive, explosive, corrosive, flammable,
asphyxiating, toxic, allergenic and oxidizing (Caliendo and De Guglielmo 2017). Some other
goods which fall under the category of dangerous goods are compressed gasses and liquids or
materials that are hot in temperature.
2. Discussion:
2.1 Truck Spills Dangerous Sulphuric Acid in Zambia:
The first article chosen is reporting a large haulage truck transporting 30,000 litres of
sulphuric acid which was bound for Zambia had been involved in an accident near a high
school in suburb of Bulaway. After the accident, the Environmental Management Agency
(EMA) had to cordon off the entire accident scene because of the dangers that are associated
with high concentrations of sulphuric acid fumes released in the environment (Tshili 2019).
The reason behind the accident was because the truck driver had failed to recognise the T-
junction in the road that resulted in the truck being overturned. The driver was able to escape
the accident with minor injuries but it was up to the provincial manager to assess the critical
situation and ensure that the appropriate help gets there in the appropriate time required for
the accident to not cause any further complications.

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It is important for the officials to deal with the scene as they would with a hazardous case
because spilled Sulphuric acid has great many adverse effects. Sulphuric acid has the ability
to significantly destroy eco systems and can even cause intense burns on the body of any
living being. The substance is so dangerous that officials have said that if the situation was
not handled carefully and quickly, it could cause permanent blindness in living beings and
irreversible internal burns resulting in damage of internal organs and it can possibly be fatal
as well (Dahms and Greenfield 2015). The provincial manager of Bulawayo, Decent Ndlovu,
had said that if there had been rain during the accident, it would worsened the situation
because then the spilled acid would have had the capability of polluting water streams and
then, cause heavy damages in the environment around it.
Mr. Ndlovu was bound to let the public know about this incident so that the public can
refrain from coming near the site of the accident since he has noted that it is will be in the
best interest of everyone to stay as far away from an accident involving hazardous materials.
This is because there had been a very critical accident leading to several people getting burnt
as they tried to siphon oil from a leaking vehicle carrying hazardous materials.
As been examined in this paper, when an accidents occurs with vehicles that are
transporting dangerous goods, it could had catastrophic results that will have the ability to
harm great number of people and great amount of the ecosystem. There are certain laws and
principles that are in place which ensure that the drivers are making all efforts to protect the
society and the environment during this transportation (Ng and von Goetz 2016). First of all,
vehicles that are transporting dangerous goods should be adequately labelled, and ensure that
it is indicated what the hazards of the package are. These labels are able to classify the
dangerous goods into 9 separate classes, details of which are available in international
agreements. It should also be made sure that these labels are pasted in areas which are easily

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visible to anyone that is looking at the tanker on the truck and also on every individual
package included in the tanker (Inanloo and Tansel 2015).
There are general principles in place that vehicles which are transporting dangerous goods
by road need to abide by, to ensure proper safety for everyone. General principles that should
be followed by these vehicles are:
 Making sure these vehicles are using the freeways, highways or any other major
roads that are available in the region.
 These vehicles must make all the efforts to avoid town centres and districts that
are the hub of many central businesses and the known congested routes, as can be
suggested by traffic experts of the region.
 The vehicles need to make sure that they are not crossing any shopping centres,
health care facilities and schools during the peak hours of the day (Chen et al.
2018).
 Heavy emphasis on the vehicles avoiding residential areas at all times.
 These vehicles should also make sure that they avoid tunnels as much as possible,
and only choose open roads.
The news article had not mentioned what time the accident had occurred but the news
was reported at 0730h in the morning, so it can be assumed that the incident had happened
the night before. As mentioned in the general principles to be followed, it was mentioned that
freight vehicles should avoid residential areas and schools, but according to the article being
used for this paper, it can be seen that the accident had occurred near a suburban residential
area which also had a high school nearby. It can happen many times that these freight
vehicles will not be able to avoid some areas that have houses and schools, but it is important
for the drivers of these vehicles to keep an extra eye out in those areas and ensure a safe and

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quick passage through those regions to ensure that nothing happens. However, this driver was
inefficient in many ways, as listed below:
I. Unaware of Route: It should be important for the people who are driving vehicles
carrying dangerous materials that they be fully informed of the route they need to
take, and also with critical turning points or junctions that they will be experiencing
and exactly how to tackle them. The driver in question for this article was not well
informed about the route he was taking, and hence miscalculated the T-junction and
met with the serious accident.
II. Failure to Avoid Schools and Residential Area: As mentioned in the principles, the
truck driver should have been aware that he was travelling through a suburban area in
the early morning when people are getting ready to go to work and kids are preparing
to go to school. Even though an accident in that area could not have been predicted,
but it could have been well prepared for if the truck driver had met the requirement
listed in the previous point.
II.2. Zambia’s Record of Accident Prone Roads
Zambia is known to have one of the world’s highest number of fatalities occurring
due to bad traffic management, and it is sad to hear that this number is on the constant rise.
According to the government agency of The Road Traffic and Safety Agency (RTSA) present
in Zambia, has concluded the reason behind majority of these accidents: speeding. The RTSA
has also identified some areas which highly prone to accidents (Fisa et al. 2019). It is
interesting to see that the government officials are not in that much of a rush to improve the
road conditions, but are providing other resources that can help accommodate the accidents
and ensure that the fatalities are reduced. With almost 33,000 accidents happening in the year
2014 alone, government officials build a Trauma Centre conveniently near the accident prone

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zone, to ensure that the people involved in accidents can receive immediate care (Wiebe et al.
2016).
However, this is not to say that these efforts being made should not be appreciated
because it is important to keep in mind that reconstruction of major roads is not an easy task,
and requires months of preparation for both the team implementing it and also for the people
who use the major roads on an everyday basis (Mowafi et al. 2016). Drivers in Zambia have
to deal with a lot of congestion on the roads because of mismanagement of traffic and this
leads to them becoming tired while driving and this is very closely related to the occurring of
accidents. Another factor that can affect increasing number of accidents is the overloading of
trucks with either normal goods or dangerous goods.
II.2.1. Other Sulphuric Acid Spill Accidents in Zambia:
Date Location Accident Description
April 9, 2019 Grootfontein,
Namibia
A truck carrying sulphuric acid travelling to Zambia
was overturned at 0900h on Tuesday. Police officers
and mining experts were a part of the emergency
team that arrived on the scene. People who were
motor vehicles who were travelling on that road were
advised to not open their windows as the substance is
very harmful to health. The driver was taken to a
hospital and was then in stable condition.
July 18, 2018 Hwange
Zimbabwe
Two freight trucks were involved in a head-on
collision and one of them ended up spilling an
unknown amount of sulphuric acid on to the road. It
was confirmed by the police officials that both the
truck drivers were significantly injured and were
taken to the hospital while the EMA made quick
efforts to remove all the spilled sulphuric acid in
order to ensure no further damage is occurred.
August 28, 2017 Solwezi,
Zambia
A truck that was on its way back from Kansanshi
Mines overturned on a bridge, causing it to spill large
amount of Sulphuric acid into the Kifubwa River.
Due to this, the sewage company in that area was
forced to shut off various boreholes to be able to
assess the level of contamination occurred. This

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reason behind this accident was that the truck driver
was trying to overtake another car on the bridge in the
early hours of the morning.
February 8, 2015 Ndola,
Zambia
A tanker carrying sulphuric acid to KCM was
overturned, spilling all of its contents into the nearby
stream. This cased the people who depend on the
stream for water to be stranded. The officials at the
sewage company took samples from the stream to
evaluate the level of contamination that had occurred.
The accident occurred due to the driver losing control
of his vehicle while he was driving uphill, causing the
tanker to fall over on the road.
Source: DKL Engineering 2018
II.2.2. Some Suggestions to Stop Future Accidents
It can be seen from the above descriptions of the accidents in the past that most of them
have occurred because the drivers mistake as they were not cautious enough about their
driving, given that they were transporting dangerous goods by road. These drivers were
careless and more concerned with trying to deliver their package on time, rather than
following the safety protocols required for them, especially because they were transporting
dangerous goods (Greenfield et al. 2016).
To ensure that the frequency of these accidents is reduced, if not completely mitigated,
proper training of the drivers required to be undertaken. It is important for these drivers to
have in mind that they cannot be, under any circumstance, be driving rash on the roads
especially when they are transporting dangerous goods. It also seems as if the drivers are not
well aware of the consequences of an accident happening with the substance that they are
carrying, and this contributes even more to them driving in a rash manner leading to these
accidents (Rezapour, Wuff and Ksaibati 2018).

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Another point to keep in mind is that if looked at the accident that occurred in 2015 where
the driver lost control of his tanker because he was driving uphill, and this is a major concern
for any future drivers taking this same route. To mitigate this issue, it will be important for
the area officials along with the officials from the truck company to plan out another route
which does not contain any heavy bumps and uphill roads to ensure that the drivers are not
giving their cargo any stress during the transportation of it.
II.3. Freight Company Fined After Dangerous Gods Safety Checks:
A truck of the company Vellex Pty Ltd. containing 72 drums of flammable
liquids was inspected on December 10th 2018, by the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) officers at Kooragang and was charge a fine of $8000 for not complying with the
safety requirements (Big Rigs 2019). The truck failed to adhere to the following grounds-
 The truck did not shove the drums behind the rigid areas as required.
 The truck was not carrying any transport documents.
 The truck was not equipped with necessary tools like fire extinguishers or safety torch
and the like for emergency purposes.
Therefore, the EPA issued $8000 fine along with official cautions issuing on the
driver and the company itself. The director of EPA opined that the requirements regarding
the dangerous goods safety requirements cannot be negotiated with as the accidents that
are likely to take place can cause into massive destruction and will be seen as a hindrance
in the emergency service responses.
The common reasons for truck accidents that have been observed are-
 Break Failures. The commonest of reasons for all the pre-accidents are the
violations related to the break system of the trucks. Almost 50% of the times the

10TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS
accidents take place because of the criticality in the brake systems of the trucks
(Chhetri et al. 2018).
 Another major reason of accidents are the problems of lights on the roads. Often
there are incidents of truck collisions due to the problems of lights in the highways
and around the corners during the turnings.
 Tire violations are another major reason for increasing truck accidents. The
drivers are often seen to have using worn out tires or mismatches tires which leads
to truck accidents.
 Mechanical and technological defects in the vehicle are another reason for truck
accidents. The faults in the steering or in the axle can lead to major collisions and
accidents (Lasat et al. 2018).
 Another reason for truck accidents is the usage of substances or alcohol among the
drivers. Often it is seen the drivers use drugs or alcohol while driving in the
highways. This also leads towards major truck accidents.
 One major reason of truck accidents is the overloading of the trucks. The drivers
or the companies are often seen to have loaded the trucks with equipment more
than the vehicle can carry or is allowed to carry.
Further, bad weather conditions and or road conditions and the lesser experiences of
the drivers are often seen to contribute towards the collisions and accidents of trucks
and other vehicles.
However, in case of the Vellex Company, the EPA has figured out the following
reasons for the accident as found out by EPA include the followings-
 Firstly, as claimed by the EPA, the truck underwent a tire violation. The tire that
the truck was using was a mismatch for the wheel and was of extremely poor

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condition. The EPA claimed that it was completely worn out when evaluated and
the tire was not a match for the wheel. This contributed to the failure of breaks of
the vehicle which resulted into the vehicle losing control over the breaks and
getting skidded and finally bursting up into flames.
 The EPA mentioned another reason for the truck mishap. They said that the
vehicle was carrying equipment of the weight that is more than it was carrying.
The truck was said to have been carrying 72 drums of flammable liquids, while it
was supposed to carry only 60 drums of flammable liquids. The truck was much
over weight than it was supposed to be carrying. Therefore, as the truck was
already going by the worn out tires, carrying overweight made the truck mishap
inevitable.
However, the driver of the truck claimed that it was the poor conditions of the roads
that led to the accident, but the EPA examined the situation and concluded that the accident
occurred due to the overweight and worn out tires.
II.4. Legal Actions taken for Such Accidents:
The legal actions presented in the country is of two folds. One is, where the driver
only is responsible for the accident and therefore, the driver only has to pay the liabilities on
his own. On another case, the company also needs to pay the liabilities for the mishap (Lasat
et al. 2018). The lawsuit therefore, is expected to create a liability theory explaining, what are
the steps that must be taken and who is the responsible one for the accident, the driver or the
company or both. In most of the cases it is seen that both the company and the driver is at
fault. The companies often hire the drivers from outside and do not check whether they have
any habits of using substances or alcohol or whether their vehicle is in a good condition or
not. In that case both the company and the driver is supposed to pay the charges. However, in

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another cases, often the companies provide the vehicle, hiring just the drivers and the vehicles
are not in proper conditions. In those cases, the company is only needed to pay the charges.
In case of this particular situation, the fault was mostly on the part of the company. It
was the company who loaded the drums into the truck and did not check the vehicle properly
before discharging it for delivery. Also, the driver was also held at fault for not maintaining
the vehicle and using tires which were a complete mismatch. Therefore, the EPA had charged
both the company and the driver, though the company was charged more than the driver. The
EPA issued a good amount of fine along with official cautions, formal warnings and licence
conditions as a tool to reinstate the environmental compliance and ensure social security.
Vellex has remitted the fines and implemented certain rules and regulations to make sure that
such occurrences while transporting goods, never get repeated.
II.5. Consequences of Truck Mishaps with flammable Objects:
The collisions of trucks or truck accidents that are containing flammable objects
usually result into massive destruction (Forigua and Lyons 2016). Accidents of the trucks
containing hazardous materials are much catastrophic than the normal truck accidents. These
include:
 Breaking out of fire. The tankers trucks carrying flammable objects are likely to catch
fire easily, and if this happens in the locality, then it can cause destruction of life.
Such accidents are much more fatal in nature.
 If the truck is carrying a chemical objects, then it is often seen that during the journey
if the road conditions are worse and then it often results into leakages and spills. Such
accidents are much worse in nature. If certain accident takes place in a locality or near
a locality, then it is seen that the people of the place is affected physically. Often it is
seen that the gas formed due to such forms of accidents, are spread among and about

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the locality which affects the population by their lungs or heart or in some other form
and results into long term affects within the population (Kinateder et al. 2015). The
people are often seen to physically challenges. In certain cases, it affects the next
generations as well, and the children borne are often born with physical or mental
ailments.
 Victims, which includes, both the locality, where the accident is taking place, and the
driver, can suffer from chemical burns. This may further cam result into scarring or
disfigurement. Often there are seen radioactive spills which contaminate the victims.
However, in case of this particular case study, the place, where the mishap took place,
was seen to be a deserted land and the locality was quite afar. Therefore, the number of
victims were quite less. Further, the truck was not containing any chemical items, hence it
had only caught fire (Lukasik, Kusminska-Fijakowska and Kozyra 2017). The driver
somehow got saved but the person who was accompanying him was found dead.
However, there were some other cars and vehicles that were passing by. Some of them
were dead and some others were gravely injured. More importantly, since there was no
hospital around, the victims got help much late.
Certain transportation mishaps are not expected in a country like Australia, since the
rules and legal positioning taken by the country regarding the transportation policies are
quite strict. The country prioritizes the safety in the freight logistics industry and all the
workplaces of the major companies are provided with safety and security of the workers.
There is a chain of responsibility presented within the country whose function is to take
care and implement the laws regarding the transportation and prohibiting the breaches in
the legal system (Lundin 2018). It also regulates the safety in the heavy engineering
industries. They have also develop the National Logistics safety Code which provides a
simplified, equitable and effective policy to maintain, implement and improve the safety

14TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS
conditionings across the country among the heavy engineering industries and thus meet
the requirements of Chain of Responsibility. ALC built up the NLSC, just as its
constituent code the Retail Logistics Supply Chain Code of Practice (RLSC), in light of
the fact that we perceive the best method to drive security results in the vehicle segment is
through powerful, directed and national plans that have solid industry purchase in. The
ALC Codes, which likewise incorporate a Steel Code and Coal Seam Gas Logistics
Safety Code, embrace a hazard the executives approach and plainly set out the entirety of
members' obligations when they control or impact the development of cargo (Ambituuni,
Amezaga and Werner 2015). It likewise tests consistence through a thorough review
routine, so organizations can consistently refresh and improve their wellbeing
frameworks.
Furthermore, the policy makers of the country have also included the safety issues
while proposing the rules related to the transportation policies. The regulations are
concerned with vehicles and passengers. The regulations include well-being of the society
as a whole and are trying to minimize the number of accidents taking place with properly
addressing these rule and regulations. The country has also taken measures regarding the
safety of the young and elderly population. They have made certain policies regarding the
driving and in some parts the elderly people are not allowed to drive. The traffic systems
of the country is also provided with special concern considering the safety of the
pedestrians. It is often seen that the safety of the pedestrians are at risk (Belaid et al.
2016). The spatial and demographic distribution of the country is therefore, given special
attention. Thus the country has taken justified transportation policies in both the cases of
both transportation related to heavy engineering vehicles and the public transportation.
Hence, the country take extreme measures when there is a transportation related
accident in the country. Each of the situations are critically evaluated and the laws are

15TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS
tried to be properly adhered. Both the companies and the drivers are listened properly by
the lawsuits that are into rigorous practice by the country, and only then a conclusion is
reached.
3. Conclusion
Thus as a concluding point, it can be stated that the companies must abide by the
transportation policies that are present and exercised. They must follow the ethical codes
of conduct that are related to the transportation policies. The truck mishaps that took
place in the country and the measures taken by the EPA clearly shows the promptness and
adaptive behaviour to deal these situations. Although, the second occurrence that has been
mentioned did no result into massive destruction but the measures taken by the EPA
shows the concern and attitude of the country towards dealing with the situations related
to truck and tanker accidents. The transport related accidents, especially the ones with
flammable objects essentially result into massive destruction of life and properties. The
companies must understand this fact and therefore properly check all the aspects related
to this before the discharge of the vehicles for delivery. They should the behaviour of the
drivers and must also focus up on the maintenance of the vehicles to avoid certain
situations of mishaps. They must follow the code of conducts related to the heavy
engineering transportation and understand the consequences of not following the
regulations. Therefore, the understanding of the consequences can only curb the truck and
tanker mishaps.

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