Economic and Environmental Impact of Tourism

This assignment delves into the economic and environmental implications of tourism, examining its effects on destinations, industries, and communities. It covers various aspects, including travel demand and supply side management, self-managed running, and the importance of communication in maintaining a positive tourism sector. The document includes references to relevant research papers and studies, providing a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Travel and tourism sector
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
1.1) Explaining the history and development of tourism sector in the UK (P1.1)......................4
1.2) Structure of the travel and tourism sector in the UK (P1.2).................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1) Analysing the function of Government sponsored bodies and international agencies (P2.1)
.....................................................................................................................................................7
2.2) Local and national economic policy influencing the success of travel and tourism in
Scotland (P2.2)............................................................................................................................8
2.3) Implication of political change in the travel and tourism sector of Scotland (P2.3)............9
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
3.1) Factors affecting the Tourism demand of Edinburg (P3.1)................................................10
3.2) Explaining the supply make the effects of demand in Edinburgh (P3.2)...........................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
4.1) Positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts (P4.1).......................14
4.2) Strategies that canminimise the negative impacts (P4.2)...................................................16
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................19
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Introduction
The travel and tourism industry in the UK is ancient and is getting popular in the entire world.
Different people are travelling for various reasons to abroad which is improved the travel
agencies for their business which has to help me, customers, to plan their tour. This has helped
the industry to grow by leaps and bounce the contribution of the significant chunk in the national
economy of UK. The study has focused on supporting the tourism sector of Scotland which is
now one of the attractions for the visitor. The regulations and the policies played a significant
role in travel plus tourism sector which has influenced success and has promoted the places in
the UK. The study will focus on the structure of travel and tourism sector, functions of the local
which has influenced the success.
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TASK 1
1.1) Explaining the history and development of tourism sector in the UK (P1.1)
The travel and tourism industry is growing day by day. It is due to the Rapid change in the taste
of the humans and the behaviour of their expectation. The tourism sector was structured since
1945 and was not so much famous however in today state the tourism sector has well diversified
with different scenic beauty and luxurious things for humans. Since the beginning of growth of
tourism it included only travelling plus transportation of the goods. But now the tourism
comprises not only travelling but even the areas that are ancillary to comfort of the clients. The
tourism sector in the UK has majorly grown in the recent years (Spiller, 2014). The different
types of travel agencies have helped the people with the proper guide for travelling around the
world which has increased the customer satisfaction as well as the revenue of the place. The UK
has different places where people love to move around. The rules and regulations adopted by the
government have helped the places to attract many potential customers and improved the social
conditions, Technology, accommodation facilities and better services. The invention of
Technology has supported the new Modes of transport and increased the opportunities to travel.
Also along with the technical facility, the effect of Brexit has also helped different people to visit
the UK. The improvement in the road facility from London to Bath which is accounted for about
72 hours whereas 400 miles where accountant to Edinburg which completely took ten days but
now it has improved, and the changes of Technology has brought lowered down the distance rate
in the UK. The tourism has considered being the natural environment with new places and
staying in the luxurious hotels. In the UK the statistics for a day visit and night stays are
maintained separately. The tourism was introduced to different reasons, and one of them was the
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first Roman Emperor Augustus who had rid the Mediterranean of Pirates by making the
Travelling a safe part (Mowforth, and Munt, 2015). In UK London has become very popular
among the tourist destination, however, the potential of Scotland is growing. Edinburg is
attracting more visitors to visit the scenic beauty.
1.2) Structure of travel plus tourism sector in UK (P1.2)
The travel as well as tourism sector has different structures according to the places. The daily
changes in the technology have created several new concepts that have included to change the
structure in travel as well as tourism industry. The roles of the sectors like the organisations of
governments and transport, tour operators, accommodation, visitor attractions and travel agents
have increased the distribution channel through the world. Different factors have affected the
change of complete architecture in the travel and tourism industry which is very important in the
industry as well as at present. In the UK most of the cities have witnessed the industrial
revolution due to different rules and regulations adopted by the government (Moutinho, and
Vargas-Sanchez, 2018). This has affected the travel and tourism industry majority as the number
of outsides are getting transferred from different places to the UK for their business purpose. The
number of people visits in the UK has affected in the increase of popularity in the tourist
destination. A place like London is one of the essential parts in the UK. However, the
government is focusing on structuring Scotland so that the number of visitors can also travel
around b places of Scotland which can help in increasing the revenue. The department of digital,
culture, media and support has helped to advertise the activities in different parts of UK through
various channels in one over the world. The government has generated more than 2, 89,000 jobs
in the UK where Scotland has contributed around 8.5% of employment in the country. The
executive tourism strategy and the public sector are one of the great structured policy of the
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government which has helped the visitors to visit the places through some the agency. In the
recent times, the structure of the travel and tourism industry has consisted six things that are
transport, attractions, tourism development and tour operators (Giaoutzi, 2017). The holiday
packages provided through the different channel for different places in the UK has helped to
make a better marketing plan which will increase the tours, especially for Scotland.
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TASK 2
2.1) Analysing the function of Government sponsored bodies and international agencies
(P2.1)
The priority of the government is to increase the GDP of the country. The government is a single
authority in the country which has further fragmented into small councils for every region or
city. The world travel and tourism Council stalk natural sites that are considered being one of the
national ownership in the UK. It is vital to have a system with resources that can help in the
exploitation of the personal use in a non-threatening way. The government in the UK usually has
the ministry which is dedicated for being travel and tourism sector that looks after development
of industry in particular region. London has become very popular with high observation and
development now the government is focusing on developing Scotland as the maximum number
of industries and growing over there. The local and the regional authority has elaborated with the
government to promote the established sites in the UK through promotions, site-specific
marketing and marketing campaigns. It has helped in participating the International Exhibition to
portray the travelling strength and sections of the city. The government has also reflected only
bilateral trade contracts which have any Hamster tourism sector within different countries
through removing the trade barriers plus tariffs such as service taxes; transportation tax and
value-added tax etc. This has helped to increase the number of arrivals for the visitors as the
expenditure per person has decreased and thus shall be capable to spend more on the leisure time
and luxury escapes for themselves rather than paying for taxes.
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International Agencies in the UK has promoted their tourism products which have increased the
cultural mixing. Agencies such as United Nations, World Tourism Council, International air
transport Association etc. have supported each other for enhancing the business of the individual
countries.
2.2) National and local economic policy influencing success of tourism plus travel in
Scotland (P2.2)
The local plus national policy of economies in the UK has affected in travel plus tourism sector
in Scotland. The increased in the job by the government has helped to improve the inward
income of the investors as well as other humans by providing an environment conducive. This
has helped the investors to feel secure about their investments in Scotland. The economic
policies used by the government has affected positively as the government has involved in the
destination marketing of Scotland (Chapman, and Light, 016). The framework of tourism
development in Scotland has plans this system for delivering the visitor efficiently and has set a
target to promote the growth within 2020. The local and national economic policy has aligned
with the appropriate infrastructure and relevant investment strategies which have set out a future
aspiration and ambition for the stakeholders working in the tourism sector. This has provided a
range of opportunities by considering in the emerging and future Development Plan across
Scotland. The iconic destination has offered The dramatic and enjoyed your visit the experience
where the local and national policy has developed the distinctive culture and heritage. The
improvement in the towns and cities with opportunities offering to a range of sports and leisure
activities has also included success in the travel sector (León, and Araña, 2016). The government
has noticed that Scotland was facing issue with the sustainable economic growth thus took step
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Changers by promoting and delivery in the increase in investing better opportunities for different
kinds of jobs through all over the world.
The policy changes within tax structure such as hotels has also affected positively and
negatively. However, Scotland has succeeded in making the hotel business successful. The
economic policies like abandoning the value-added taxes in the hotels, high taxes to the tour
operators, making chief finance available for the hotel development and tourism sites has
significant ethical and adverse effects on entire society of Scotland.
Figure 1: Value of tourism in Scotland
(Source: León, and Araña, 2016)
2.3) Implication of the political change within the travel plus tourism sector of Scotland
(P2.3)
The reason law changes in Scotland have affected the tourism industry in the UK in both positive
and negative ways. The changes in the federal laws well publicised for regulating the travel
industry. The changes in the visa law have affected the travel and tourism industry (Grenier,
2017). Non-EU students of colleges and schools who are basically studying below the degree
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level courses shall currently work up till 20 hours in a week each day-time. However, the
numbers of working hours have cut in half under changes to the visa of the students announced
by home secretary in the UK. Besides when will be immigration policies in the UK has helped to
settle the partner in Scotland by finance, marriage or de facto partner visa. The immigration
policy has also rejected few applications of the customers which has hugely affected the
customer satisfaction by creating problems for the development of tourism sector.
According to the Britain health and safety executive the number of rules that it follows involve
tourism sector effectively. Accessing the risk in Scotland and taking the real race has engaged a
good growth in the work for employees like ventilation, lighting, stress, cleanliness and noise
which has helped a single employee to show liability compulsory certificate of insurance at the
workplace. The political leaders have promoted their ideas for IT sector in Scotland that has
abandoned the tax exemption, regulatory changes in Sourcing of raw materials that have
contributed in the cost of importing (Cheer, and Lew, 2017). Recently the Scottish tourism
Alliance has launched a new research project to understand the impact of rising price on the
tourism sector of Scotland. This has helped in providing greater clarity and will focus on the
national living wage, business rates, immigration and insurance premium levies and inflationary
cost. This is directly affecting the quality, authentic experience in Scotland.
TASK 3
3.1) Factors affecting the Tourism demand of Edinburg (P3.1)
The demographics of the tourist generates the demand in the travel industry makes that has
considered as a factor as political stability by maintaining a safety into the major concerns at the
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time of travelling. The factors such as changing work patterns of the tourists together with their
ability for avoiding holidays or the destinations has also played the role of generating and
reducing the demand. A level of the disposable income and interest rates such as hike in
travelling cost, currency exchange rate hence determine output in Edinburg. The personal income
and the discretionary income has concluded the indicators which have tended to enjoy catering in
demand.
The capital of Scotland Edinburg has been out the culture of innovation with life sciences,
informatics, data Science, Technology, financial services, renewable energy and law at the
combination for meetings, incentive, conference and event organisers (Vu et al. 2018). The
convention of Edinburg has 500 strong numbers of Ambassador programs that have set up over
20 years ago for promoting the city as the business tourism destination. The factors have changed
the requirements and have increased in the local convention by creating a legacy and ensuring
events sustainable.
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Figure 2: Increasing visitors in Edinburg till 2017
(Source: Cieslikowski, 2016)
The above figure depicts the number of visitors in Edinburg with a comparison to other places
till 2017. The graph has included all the sectors of private sectors, business sectors etc.
(Cieslikowski, 2016).
The supply side consists of the accommodation availability, and the different types of
accommodations have helped to operate in the tourism sector with all the UK operators. The new
culture in Edinburg has created great service and quality tours the number of visitors attending to
visit the place by indicating the health of the economy with affordability to visit.
3.2) Explaining the supply make the effects of demand in Edinburgh (P3.2)
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The supply side of the tourism facilities in Edinburg consists of some accommodation rooms in
the luxurious hotels, events, tourist spots, travel facilities in hotels and destinations etc. The
government permission in the UK has helped the visitors and assist in the facilities of the tour
operators for guiding the visitors in the UK. The marketing support of Edinburg and the financial
recession which caused an issue in the hotels later on the right to sold or transferred into the
complex. The conversation into residential or commercial buildings other than investment in the
number of hotels and increase the GDP of the country by raising the demand (Alegre, and Sard,
2015).
The cost of operating a hotel is quite high, and thus when the market is dead, the fixed value or
impossible to pay and the owners look into the conversion. In Edinburg compared to London the
tourist destination is quite low does the demand of the hotels are low. However in the recent
study as Scotland is an emerging tourist spot with capital Edinburg so the number of hotels is
growing and increasing the number of business and holidays. The Asian tourist is the most
contributor to building up the tourist destinations spot. About Brexit, the airline has cut down
their prices which have increased me tourist especially from countries like China, India, and
Pakistan etc.
The airlines have broken the Monopoly of individual operators and have added norms of demand
such as leisure travel (Davidoff, 2015). The market of Edinburgh has understood the price
sensitive and thus offered quite a low cost of the travel package and holidays so that they can
meet these supply-side facilities for capitalising the generated demand. Also besides this, the
internet booking and the increase the reach of internet has created an application which has
uplifted the infrastructure. The government campaigns like visiting Scotland has also attracted
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many new visitors in Edinburgh. The strong indicators of the supply side are increasing the
number of rooms and infrastructure quality with different market campaigns that have helped to
achieve an advantage in managing the increased demand.
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TASK 4
4.1) Positive plus negative environmental, economic and social impacts (P4.1)
Reason for impact Economic Environmental Social
Positive ● The revenue
and advantage
in the GDP by
maintaining
the foreign
currency and
Sustainable
Tourism
environment
(Epstein, and
Buhovac,
2014).
● It helps in
generating
employment
which
increase the
government
revenue and
the economic
growth.
● It has helped
to maintain
the natural
resources and
the natural
tourist spots.
● It has credit
Awareness of
being an
environmental
concern
Traveller by
enhancing the
historical and
cultural sites.
● The social
tourism can
help to aware
of different
cultures and
the cross mix
community.
● This can help
to live in
harmony by
respecting
each other.
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● It also helps in
investing in
the
infrastructure
provision.
● Monitoring
the Tourist for
keeping the
environment
clean.
● It is also
focused on
safety by
cleaning the
road and
regular
maintenance
of the tourist
spots.
● Social
programs of
many tourism
have increased
the number of
visitors (Ryan
et al. 2018).
● Increase in the
employee
requirements.
Negative ● Single
industry can
cause low
revenue from
the tourist.
● The
environment
becomes more
polluted due
to
irresponsible
tourist and the
natural and
● It can hurt the
employees in
the industry
which can
degrade in the
number of
tourists.
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● Leakage of
resources who
do not follow
the code of
conduct can
increase the
risk exposure
with currency
fluctuations.
heritage sites.
● The threat of
wildlife is
growing and
increase in
waste
generation,
and disposal is
the primary
concern now
(Panayotou,
2016).
● Increased in
the number of
vehicles
creating
pollution.
● Increased
commendatio
n of tourist
products can
hurt social
values.
● Focus on
quality and
services.
4.2) Strategies that can minimise the negative impacts (P4.2)
To minimise the negative impacts, a framework of operation should be created to allow everyone
for collective enhance in the business. It is essential to achieve and transform the tourist that
receive deal with constructor programs rather than other resources and marketing. One of the
main steps that the UK can adopt is by creating awareness for the importance of the site to the
tourist and by alerting the behaviour. Proper accountability of the business transaction can help
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to solve issues between service providers and the customers for no only case sensitive
information (Ouyang, et al. 2017). The environmental concern can be rewarded for their
behaviour in front of an audience who are not among the ancient one. This will help to create a
competition to promoting responsible travelling MP police reforms can revert the tourism
operators efficiently. The different policy norms can help the environment to change the situation
and develop a social and respectful business. The cohesive social policies like fixing seats for
disabled employees can be improved which can directly impact the social status of UK. Taking
care of the handicapped person can also enhance the social policies. Property location of debt
and avoiding the length of credit can reduce the failures in the business of tourism by saving the
precious money of the UK. Also maintaining safety in health by reducing the number of
terrorism, environmental pollution can attract many new customers who can increase the revenue
of the country (Zhang, and Zhang, 2018). It is essential to maintain a healthy cash flow which
will open up the foreign direct investment for tourism products buy gaming foreign currency in
future. Thus, several ways can help to minimise the negative impact by using the positive.
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Conclusion
It has been concluded from the above that Scotland is one of the growing tourism spots which
has small business and individual supporting each other. The maintenance of the industry is
essential to increase the revenue of the country and also for the foreign direct investment. The
factors and the method of communication have helped in the investigation of positive and
negative economic, environmental and understand about maximising the positive tourism.
Different elements have focused on the travel demand and supply side which has been
maintained by the industry and created vast employment on a consistent basis. Self-managed
running is beneficial in the development of individual so learning through different examples can
help the tourist to understand the situation and creates a healthy tourism sector in the UK.
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References
Alegre, J. and Sard, M., 2015. When demand drops and prices rise. Tourist packages in the
Balearic Islands during the economic crisis. Tourism Management, 46, pp.375-385.
Chapman, A. and Light, D., 2016. Exploring the tourist destination as a mosaic: The alternative
lifecycles of the seaside amusement arcade sector in Britain. Tourism Management, 52, pp.254-
263.
Cheer, J.M. and Lew, A.A. eds., 2017. Tourism, Resilience and Sustainability: Adapting to
Social, Political and Economic Change. Routledge.
Cieslikowski, K., 2016. BUSINESS TOURISM AS INNOVATIVE PRODUCT FOR
DESTINATIONS. INNOVATIVE (ECO-) TECHNOLOGY, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
Davidoff, T., 2015. Supply constraints are not valid instrumental variables for home prices
because they are correlated with many demand factors.
Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014. Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing
and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler
Publishers.
Giaoutzi, M., 2017. Tourism and regional development: New Pathways. Routledge.
Grenier, K.H., 2017. Tourism and Identity in Scotland, 1770–1914: Creating Caledonia.
Routledge.
León, C.J. and Araña, J.E., 2016. The economic valuation of climate change policies in tourism:
impact of joint cost, emotions, and information. Journal of Travel Research, 55(3), pp.283-298.
Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi.
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