Tourism and Economic Growth Nexus Analysis

The provided document is a detailed analysis of the tourism and economic growth nexus, specifically focusing on Turkey's hospitality sector during the financial crisis. The study employs an input-output analysis to investigate the relationship between tourism and economic growth. Additionally, it explores the adoption of web-based marketing in the travel and tourism industry in Egypt. The assignment draws from various sources, including journals and books related to tourism and hospitality management.

Travel and tourism sector

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Historical developments in the travel and tourism sector................................................1
1.2 Structure of travel and tourism sector in United Kingdom and general...........................2
2.1 Function of national government, international agencies and government sponsored bodies
in promoting travel and tourism.............................................................................................3
2.2 National economic policy and local influences the success of travel and tourism sector 4
2.3 Implications of political change on travel and tourism sector..........................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Various factors affecting the overall demand of tourism in Edinburgh...........................6
3.2 Supply has changed to meet effects of demand for tourism related services and products
................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Negative and positive economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism on London
................................................................................................................................................8
4.2 Strategies that can be used to minimise the negative impacts while maximising the
positive outcomes of tourism in Edinburgh............................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The travel and tourism sector has been growing rapidly since past few decades, the
primary reasons for the same has been the extra income that individuals are earning around
the world and this has allowed them to spend money on leisure like travel and tourism. One
of the fundamental ventures on the planet today is the tourism part. The World Travel and
Tourism Council showed that 10% and 1 out of 10 employments are made by Travel and
tourism area around the world. Hence the role of tourism sector cannot be denied in the
prosperity of an economy in general. It is also essential to have right kind of policies by the
government of UK to promote as well as enhance tourism within the country. The current
report will have a discussion on the structure as well as history of tourism within the country
and how tourism and travel has evolved since then. Scotland is a country in Europe and is
attracting large number of tourists every year. The current report will have a discussion
regarding the recent trends and future of tourism there and how tourism can be developed
even more there.
TASK 1
1.1 Historical developments in the travel and tourism sector
The movement and tourism segment changes quickly. The tourism business changes through the
limits, jumps and furthermore giving an advantageous and usable administrations and items to
the guests. Varieties are done in the event of changes in advances, enhancements, settlement
administrations and numerous different things. In this present era, government burn through cash
for improvement of the tourism goals legitimately. The chronicled improvements in the
movement division are given underneath:
Before 1945
In antiquated circumstances, individuals lived in agrarian social orders which began
move from the local to provincial region. In that era, tourism and travel industry was conflicting.
For a case back then, there were no advancements for giving offices to the neighborhood
individuals or guests (Chen, 2011). In this manner, this part has confronted numerous issues in
giving transportation and some numerous different offices. Be that as it may, finally, in the year
1841, Thomas Cook Group presented the principal visit bundle.
1945-1979
1

From this era, development and efficiency of the movement and tourism area occurred.
This area started to construct lodgings and furthermore gave the transportation offices to the
guests. The movement and tourism industry can made a portion of the premise clarification
which was identified with the progressions. The visit administrators of United Kingdom nation
have been started to a few changes to satisfy the requirements and needs of individuals. Be that
as it may, the fundamental thought process of this area is to winning more benefit. The
administration of United Kingdom contributed cash for build up the tourism segment. In setting
to this, Airlines association offered housing alongside the protection reserving for guests. The
movement organizations were additionally begun to offering the alluring bundles to which
include all the pertinent elements worried about the bundles of occasions.
1980 to current time period
In 1980, numerous carriers businesses were putting forth voyaging administrations; for
example: therapeutic administrations, occasions, procuring autos and so on. From 1990,
advancement of the tourism business began in United Kingdom which affected the development
and efficiency of some different associations. Keeping in mind the end goal to expand the GDP
rate, tourism area quickly changes.
In this present day and age, voyaging organizations utilizes the new and most recent
advancements for making their business effective. They give better administrations to the guests
and satisfy their necessities and needs in a viable way. There are numerous tourism organizations
in United Kingdom which furnish different sorts of items alongside the administrations to attract
huge number of client.
Financial Development organization is extremely useful in supporting alongside building
up the monetary development with a specific area or city through giving the help and in addition
required assets.
1.2 Structure of travel and tourism sector in United Kingdom and general
From the past to till now, a structure of the movement and tourism division had changed.
In the movement and tourism structure, there are numerous new and diverse ideas associated
with it. These ideas can be identified with the transportation, travel specialists, tourism goals,
associations, visit administrators. That association which are in a roundabout way and
specifically worried to the movement business, this segment gives them help in a legitimate way.
2

UK government has created numerous approaches and guidelines which are useful for the
movement business in giving advantageous and great administrations to the guests. The parts of
Travel and tourism structure are given as underneath:
Transportation: It is the most essential component. Voyaging offices and inns should think
about the transportation offices which are to be given to the guests. It is essential that
organization ought to give the transportation offices to its guests. In transportation, firm can offer
a taxi, van or transport offices. With it, guests can venture out starting with one goal then onto
the next legitimately.
Planning of travel: The tour and travel companies provide various types of services to their
clients through their channels of travel operators etc.. With the assistance of these, individuals
can build up an arrangement in a simple way as before going to movement any goal places, they
can examine the things with them.
Travel specialists: Travel specialists fill in as a connection among people in general and visit
administrators. The fundamental work of the movement specialists is to offer out the
merchandise of visit administrators to individuals. They are interfacing with individuals and
furthermore endeavouring to impact them to visit distinctive goal places.
Accommodation: It is the obligation of the making a trip organizations to give settlement offices
to individuals which includes condos, inn and numerous others. Alongside this, visit
administrator is likewise capable to give great nature of administrations to guests which can fulfil
their necessities and requests in an appropriate way. This piece of the tourism structure is
extremely important.
Tourists Destinations: The goal spots can be man-made and common. In the man-made
fascination, it incorporates London tower, subject eye and so forth. Then again, normal
fascination includes shorelines, oceans and so on. In setting to this, it is vital for visit
administrator to give goals to the guests based on their interests.
TASK 2
2.1 Function of national government, international agencies and government sponsored bodies in
promoting travel and tourism
Travel and tourism industry is one of the main divisions in this present day and age. In
this industry, the situation of government is exceptionally important. The administration of
3

United Kingdom creates numerous compelling approaches and furthermore techniques for the
tourism segment. The legislature supported bodies and furthermore government assumes an
essential part. The primary point of this part is to give the fundamental and furthermore principle
offices to the vacationers with the goal that come quickly to travel the goal places. A portion of
the elements of the administration, universal organizations and furthermore a portion of the
supported bodies are given underneath:
Government: In tourism and travel industry, there are numerous enterprises which gives the best
and furthermore successful setting out administrations to the guests. The pay of benefit produced
from the tourism segment, government utilizes that pay in creating of the guests’ fascination
places. The tourism part pays right around 14% its salary in paying the duty to the administration
of United Kingdom nation. The legislature builds up the vital choices so as to upgrade the
prevalence to goal places and furthermore grasp travel division of particular locale. It will helps
in expanding the monetary and also social advancement of the nation. The legislature of United
Kingdom nation readies a portion of the powerful arrangements which are useful in making the
travellers to visit nations effortlessly. The administration additionally rouses individuals from
different areas to visit its nation and furthermore appreciate the goal places. In developing the
tourism business, government helps this industry.
Worldwide bodies: In setting to upgrading the movement and tourism division, the principle
focal point of legislature of United Kingdom to its business on universal level. There are huge
number of the universal bodies which give their commitment in creating tourism division. The
fundamental point of the global offices is to have an increment in monetary advancement
throughout the world through arranging the single offices, for example, UNWTO (United
National World Tourism Organization). There are a portion of the other worldwide offices and
those are International Tourism Organization, World tourism board, International Air Transport
Association and so on. There are a few parts of global organizations given beneath as above:
• An increase in FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)
• Promoting upliftment and furthermore monetary development for the advancement of an
economy of nation.
2.2 National economic policy and local influences the success of travel and tourism sector
A monetary and also local policy assumes a vital part particle accomplishment of tourism
and travel area in United Kingdom nation. There are a wide range of sorts of the monetary
4

strategies figured by the administration which can be affect on the tourism division emphatically.
The focal administration of United Kingdom likewise builds up the compelling arrangements of
tourism segment.
Economic Policies: Under the financial strategies, government made a few tenets and controls
which is identified with the nearby individuals keeping in mind the end goal to upgrade the
activity opportunities in the tourism and travel industry. In monetary approaches comprises that
administration keep up a few assets to improve the different numbers to sightseers and use of
voyagers. These kinds of assets are useful in building up the sightseers goals. There are
numerous successful and diverse directions and furthermore arrangements which are chosen
through government which will affect in the financial.
Based on contextual analysis, in movement and tourism the legislature of United
Kingdom recognized the financial importance in setting to the creating business, commitment
towards BOP (Balance of Payments) and furthermore monetary development. The legislature
frequently tries to expand fund from forgings so it can use in creating UK economy. This
gathered assets are extremely useful in pulling in more purchasers keeping in mind the end goal
to meet with costs. For making change in the movement business, there are a few directions
which are produced through government. There are a few strategies identified with give
preparing and furthermore improvement offices to staff individuals so they can fulfil the
necessities and furthermore needs of clients in a viable and furthermore legitimate way. In
setting to pay the duties, government charge more sum from vacationers so from this they can
create more income.
Local Strategy: This approach impacts on the setting out enterprises in setting to satisfy needs
and furthermore needs of individuals. It is the obligation of visit administrator to render its
administrations based on guests request since guests have their taste or inclinations are
additionally not quite the same as each other. It is important for the organization to give
preparing to staff individuals so from this they can serve better to clients which has a place with
better places. Alongside this, local government additionally burn through cash on improving the
foundation offices for sightseers. It is essential for the tourism associations to influence
appropriate coordination with government keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish its chose
targets.
5

2.3 Implications of political change on travel and tourism sector
In various nations, there are different political circumstances and these sorts of conditions
build up an effect on the movement and tourism part. There are a portion of the elements which
are worried about the political changes. An effect of the political change can be negative and also
positive. The positive influences will be useful in raising financial development of United
Kingdom nation. A suggestion identified with the political change on the tourism business in the
different nations is given.
For a case in the United Kingdom nation, government makes different principles and
furthermore a portion of the compelling strategies notwithstanding pulling in the extensive
number of customers from everywhere throughout the world.
Political changes can influence the travel and tourism sector in a big way and it can have
a considerable impact on the demand and supply of tourism within the country. It is thus quite
essential that right kind of business policy is framed by the govenement for the purpose of
raising the level of demand within the tourism sector and this will also contribute in the revenue
collection for the governement in the form of taxes. Government can implement various
strategies which will will make sure that the sector is able to get right kind of focus and will,
therefore proper development of the same can happen in the longer run. Political parties are also
responsible for framing various kinds of laws for the purpose of tourism and thus, they will have
a considerable impact on the workings of the players within the industry. There are various
examples in which the political ceratinty and uncertainty has impacted the growth and
development of tourism, if there will be uncertainty or lack of harmony within country on a
macro level then there is cerainly going to be an adverse impact of the same on growth and
development of tourism sector.
TASK 3
3.1 Various factors affecting the overall demand of tourism in Edinburgh
There are various macro as well as micro factors which affects the travel and tourism
demand. These factors play a very crucial role in administering the needs and demands of
tourists as well as travellers in an effective as well as efficient way. There are usually 3 types of
demand which can be describes in tourism sector, these are actual, suppressed as well as latent
demand. Therefore it becomes even more important to have right kind of policies for the tourists
6

and people around the world who visits Edinburgh for the purpose of tourism. There are various
factors rthat do have a direct impact on the travel and tourism sector within edinburgh, it is thus
quite crucial to have right kind of plan and policies shall be framed by the govenment for
enhancing the level of tourism within the country. Some of the key factors that do have a direct
impact on travel and tourism are income of consumers, demand of people regarding tourism,
Facilities available like medications, facilities of stay etc. Also the culture that prevails within the
country and how those are affected also play a crucial part in framing overall demnand of
tourism in edinburgh.
 Increase or an decrease in discretionary spending.
 Tastes as well as preferences of consumers.
 Cost of travelling
 Cost of complementary goods
 Environment within the desired destination etc.
3.2 Supply has changed to meet effects of demand for tourism related services and products
For fulfilling different needs, it is important to be a legitimate supply. The supply will be
affected through various factors, for example, transportation, advancement, administrations and
furthermore data. Fascination is a standout amongst the most vital factor which impacts mineral
tourism segment. It is fundamental for the making a trip organization to keep up the request of
the fascination spots and it will be created by giving viable administrations to individuals. It is
important for the firm to make some harmony of free market activity. On the off chance that the
supply won't be legitimate and the cost will be expanded. It is vital for the tourism organization
to keep up request level and furthermore supply. Regularity is one of the fundamental and
imperative factor which impacts on request. At the pinnacle season, tourism endeavours acquire
more salary and the other way around. It is fundamental that organization ought to give the
compelling and furthermore appealing administrations to its clients with the goal that they be
hold and be the reliable client of organization. Along these lines, in setting to it tourism industry
should make the adjustments among request and supply of administrations.
7

TASK 4
4.1 Negative and positive economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism on London
London is one primary tourism and travel goal for worldwide and also national guest.
The negative and furthermore positive effects of monetary, social and practical effects on
London tourism given underneath as above:
Social factor
Positive effects
• Tourism industry creates business openings and furthermore improving abundance of
London.
• Helpful in improving youth trade.
• Developing essential framework of London and furthermore give compelling offices to
the general population of London who visit fascination places.
Negative effects
• Many issues will emerge, for example, wrongdoings, burglaries, murders and so on.
• Enhancing number of individuals which hurt foundation of country.
Monetary factor
On the off chance that number of vacationers will be emerge then it affect monetarily. In the
event that guest's movement improve in London and furthermore create some work open doors
for individuals of nearby group.
Positive effects
• Enhance expectation for everyday comforts of local individuals.
• Helpful in building up the essential administrations of lodging and some different things.
Negative effects
• Money put resources into various offices.
• Seasonality
Ecological elements: The positive effect of this factor is that it will utilize the powerful assets
and not achieve hurt, to nature. Then again its negative factor is that traveller utilizes plastic
materials from this condition influence gravely.
8

4.2 Strategies that can be used to minimise the negative impacts while maximising the positive
outcomes of tourism in Edinburgh
Various types of strategies can be effectively followed by countries in order to reduce the
overall negative impact of tourism on the country and its environment, these strategies can be:
 Tourist can be provided with accommodations with local peoples.
 Educating as well as informing tourists in this regard about how they can affect
environment
 Strict laws shall be enforced in an effective manner to reduce these impacts.
 Giving knowledge of culture to individual tourists by spreading and promoting it,
which will help them in getting a sense of belonging for the country in which they are
travelling.
 Enhancing ecological administration and arranging.
 Expanded ecological training and mindfulness programs.
 Security and implementation of condition laws and directions ought to be moved
forward.
Money related help and commitment to create regional groups and security of the earth.
CONCLUSION
Tourism is a very quickly developing industry on the planet because of the isolated culture of the
world. It has become of paramount importance that travel as well as tourism sector is seen as an
important sector around the world and necessary policies are framed to develop this sector in an
effective as well as efficient manner, it will be possible only if the level of seriousness of the
governement towards this sector will be very high. Lawmaking body of UK ought to guarantee
that right kind of methodologies and strategies are being created with a specific end goal to
redesign the level of energy of guests and adventurers. It has ended up being altogether more
basic to treat this portion on require since it funds the activity of various people nowadays, along
these lines convincing and capable systems for this part are the need of awesome significance.
9

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Atan, S. and Arslanturk, Y., 2012. Tourism and economic growth nexus: An input output
analysis in Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 62. pp.952-956.
Brooker, E. and Joppe, M., 2014. Developing a tourism innovation typology: Leveraging
liminal insights. Journal of Travel Research. 53(4). pp.500-508.
Buhalis, D. and Foerste, M., 2015. SoCoMo marketing for travel and tourism: Empowering co-
creation of value. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 4 (3). pp.151-161.
Buhalis, D. and Schertler, W. eds., 2012. Information and communication technologies in
tourism 1999: Proceedings of the international conference in Innsbruck, Austria, 1999.
Springer Science & Business Media.
del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M. and Bremser, K., 2013. Strategic responses of the Spanish
hospitality sector to the financial crisis. International Journal of Hospitality
Management. 32. pp.141-148.
Hall, C.M., 2013. Wine, food, and tourism marketing. Routledge.
Hussein, R., Ennew, C. and Kortam, W., 2012. The adoption of web-based marketing in the
travel and tourism industry: an empirical investigation in Egypt. Journal of Innovation
Management in Small & Medium Enterprises, 2012, p.1.
Martínez, P., Pérez, A. and Rodríguez del Bosque, I., 2013. Measuring corporate social
responsibility in tourism: Development and validation of an efficient measurement scale
in the hospitality industry. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing.30(4). pp.365-385.
Medlik, S., 2012. Dictionary of travel, tourism and hospitality. Routledge.
Morrison, A.M., 2013. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
Page, S., Song, H. and Wu, D.C., 2012. Assessing the impacts of the global economic crisis and
swine flu on inbound tourism demand in the United Kingdom. Journal of travel
research. 51(2). pp.142-153.
Page, S.J. and Hall, C.M., 2014. The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place
and space. Routledge.
Sigala, M., Christou, E. and Gretzel, U. eds., 2012. Social media in travel, tourism and
hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd..
Vanhove, N., 2017. The Economics of Tourism Destinations: Theory and Practice. Routledge.
10

11