TRM20001 Assessment 1: Literature Review and Survey

This assignment explores the factors influencing tourist behavior and destination selection. It delves into the concept of tourist needs and satisfaction, examining how the tourism industry addresses these needs. The assignment also analyzes the destination selection process, highlighting the role of various agents in shaping tourist perceptions. Furthermore, it investigates the significance of souvenirs in tourist experiences and their impact on local economies. The assignment concludes with a set of interview questions designed to gather insights into the complexities of tourist behavior and the challenges faced by the tourism industry.

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Student Name: Mandeep Kaur
Student ID No.: 22694744
Unit Name: Tourist Behaviour and Interactions
Unit Code: TRM20001
Tutor’s name: Maxine Hawker
Assignment No.: 1
Assignment Title: Literature Review and Survey
Due date: 7 April, 2018
Date submitted: 7 April, 2018
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Mandeep Kaur
Date: 7 April, 2018
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TRM20001 Assessment 1
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Part A – Literature Review
Question 1
It is the most important responsibility of tourism industry to fulfil needs of visitors for
enhancing their satisfaction level. There are various steps taken by the tourist organisation for
satisfying the needs of customers which are examined as below:
Specific tourist need A specific example of tourist activity
Need of safety The basic need of visitor is a safety at the
place where they go for a visit. Tourist
industry gives high attention to the safety of
the visitors so that they can freely enjoy their
trip.
Need of transportation It is necessary for the tourist organisation to
arrange proper transport facility for the
visitors so that they can easily go from one
place to another. By using high technology
in transportation tourist industry can satisfy
this need of visitors.
Need of security When going to any tourist destination the
first priority is security if there is no proper
arrangement then it will impact negatively
on the mind of visitors. Tourist industry
spends a large amount on the security of the
visitors.
Proper communication Communication is one of important need
which must be fulfilled by the tourism of the
country. For example, In Thailand, people
speak Thai which is not understood by other
country’s people so it is necessary to build
sign boards through which visitors get to
know right direction.
Need of relaxation People like to travel different tourist
destination for relaxation. Thus it is
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important for the tourism organisation to
provide high-quality benefits to them.
Need of desire There are so many people who have the
desire to visit new places because of their
beauty, nature, and infrastructure (Leiper
2004). Tourism organisation gives effective
tour packages and coupons to fulfilling their
desire.
Need of happiness By travelling different location people feel
happy and make their good moments.
Food and beverage It is the duty of tourism organisation to
provide great foods and beverage services to
satisfy this need of tourist.
Accommodation service To enhance customer’s satisfaction level
tourist organisation offer various
accommodation services to visitors.
Hotel It is necessary for the tourism industry to
manage proper arrangement to stay. A
visitor needs an effective place for staying
where they can feel comfortable and relax.
Enjoyment need Tourism organisation gives high attention to
this need of customers and tries to make
their trip memorable and great for them.
Health and safety need Nowadays people are so hygienic so it is
essential for tourist organisation to focus on
the health and safety of the tourist (Leiper
2004).
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Question 2
There are various steps involves the destination selection process like the decision to travel,
evaluation of alternatives, final destination selection, tourism experience and evolution.
Step 1: The decision to travel: It is the first step in which people take the decision to travel
because of different reasons such as vacation, family trip etc.
Step 2: Evolution of alternatives: After taking the decision to travel there are various
alternatives available to the individual for the trip. From various alternatives, people select
few best.
Step 3: Final destinations: After evaluation of alternatives individual take final destination for
the trip (Weaver and Lawton 2010).
There are two alternatives has been taken which are Great Barrier Reef and Uluru. For the
final tourist destination, Uluru has been selected which is the heart of the Northern
Territory’s arid.
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Question 3
a. First list each agent.
 The first agent is labelled which consists of traditions ways like advertisement
through brochure, TV and radio.
 The second agent is information transfer.
 Covert induced
 Impartial sources agent.
 Autonomous formation of image formation.
 Unsolicited organic formation of image agent.
 Solicited organic formation of an image.
 Eight is an organic agent (Pearce 2005).
b.
Labelled agents help in selecting a final destination by providing important
information related to the different tourist destination
Information transfer agent received all information from tour operator and
wholesalers which help in selecting final tourist destination effectively.
The unsolicited organic agent provides information and viewpoint of people who visit
the same place that helps in knowing the important facts and aspects of the place.
Organic agent personal visit the location that can help in taking a final decision by
sharing their thoughts and experience for the location (Pearce 2005).
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Question 4
People prefer travelling for different purposes. Some places are made especially for some
specific reason. Adler's example of sightseeing that establishes that seeing is not important all
the time during travel. Sight is just one sense of travel which differentiates the history of
tourism (Markwell 2011). Adler explains that ear and tongue have been more important while
doing the travelling. Adler points out one example that is related to the 18th century, when
people feel tired then they prefer to take medicinal powers. In this people experience the
tactical contact with the medicinal powers of the water spa. At that time people are motivated
by the traveller so they go for the body spa and fell some kind of relaxation.
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Question 5
This explains the interactions between tourist and nature of different places. The journey of
Borneo provides the great experience of exotic nature and wildlife. Here are too many
attractive things and places are presented in different places. Some are attractive things are
mountains, island, riverine caves and various beautiful things. Among these three mount
Kinabalu Park and Sepilok are related to the wild nature of jungle. All of these places
connected people with nature and motivate them to maintain this natural beauty long-lasting
(Markwell 2011). Different people have their own way of liking and disliking of places. The
following are the places which connect people to nature-
a. Mount Kinabalu Park- Kinabalu Park has an area of 754 square kilometres. This is
the highest mountain in Southeast Asia. This place has a beautiful background for
tourist photographs. People who want to do maintaining then this place is one of the
best places. This place influences the positive impact in the tourist.
b. Sepilok Orang- The experience of the Sepilok Orang was not as satisfied as compared
to others. People do not feel happy because of high temperature and humidity of the
place. The effect of weather conditions produces the discomfort among the tourist.
c. At the time of visiting at Supu Caves group of people are tired most so it did not
impress too much, but there were so many different kinds of rides there.
All of these places are very beautiful and have lots of adventures things to do. So
overall all the experience was good and people really enjoyed a lot to visit these
places.
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Question 6
Souvenirs are the important factor of the tourist experience, tourist purchases these souvenirs
so they keep the memories regarding the place and journey. Souvenirs are bought by the
people because the like to be reminded their special moments with the respected place and
also with the public of that place.
There are some reasons which explain why tourist purchases souvenirs of different places.
1. Souvenirs represent culture –
Souvenirs are one of the best representatives of different culture. These help to
understand the various cultural and these shows the creativity of people (Wilkins
2011). Souvenirs are the symbol of connectivity of the public with their place and
culture. Souvenirs represent the various religions culture and custom of different
places.
2. Souvenirs improve the local economy and environment –
Souvenirs help to improve the economy and the environment of the place. When
people purchase the souvenir from the place where they visit then it helps the local
people to increases their earning through these souvenirs. Along with increasing the
economy of the place it also increases the attraction for that particular place.
3. Evidence –
Souvenirs are bringing as the evidence of different places. Most of the tourist brings
the souvenirs and mementoes as the evidence or proof of the visit. Different people
have their own view regarding the souvenir, some take these as conversation pieces
and other takes these as the evidence. Souvenirs are the memories which are brought
from different places.
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Question 7
People purchase souvenir as an evidence of the place and sometimes they use them as a gift
for family and friends. Both men and women purchase different things related to the place.
But the difference is that men purchase on discounted things and women purchases
destination specific products. People purchase all those things which show connectivity and
creativity of the people (Wilkins 2011). Souvenirs include some non-regional arts and crafts
such as paintings, toys or ornaments. Authenticity in souvenir purchase is important because
people think these reflect the region, rather than purchasing general items.
Purchasing of souvenir is important for the tourist because this helps to capture the moments
and keep them as memories. Souvenirs are the evidence of both qualitative and qualitative
data. Souvenirs purchase helps to understand the behaviour of customers. Sometimes
souvenirs are purchases as a gift for others.
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Question 8
Souvenirs are important for every tourist as they are evidence of their journey to that place.
When people purchase some souvenirs as evidence then it shows that the person went to that
place (Wilkins 2011). Religion products or crafts and another type of ornaments are
purchased as souvenirs which help to provide the evidence. This also helps to understand the
customer behaviour regarding the purchasing the souvenir from the visited place. Souvenirs
are that objects which show the interest of different people for the different historical places.
Souvenir explains the tourists liking regarding the various objects of different people. It also
shows different people’s choice regarding the souvenir that they purchase general objects or
purchase some religion products or crafts.
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Part B – Survey Questions
Interview questions
Question 1. What is your opinion regarding push factor ‘need for escape from mundane
environment’?
Question 2. What are the issues faced by tourism industry regarding decision-making for a
particular tourist destination?
Question 3. Why tourist operator such as Trip advisor narrow down customer reviews to
accommodation, attractions and dining out only?
Question 4. Do you think that tourism industry should promote ‘Accessible tourism’ on a
large scale?
Question 5. Does gender inequality is still a major concern in the tourism industry?
Question 6. Do souvenirs help in attracting tourist to a particular destination?
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References
 Leiper, N. (2004) Tourists' needs and satisfaction,
Tourism Management, Pearson,
Frenchs Forest, pp. 101–107.
 Markwell, K. (2001) ‘An intimate rendezvous with nature?: Mediating the tourist-
nature experience at three sites in Borneo’,
Tourist Studies, 1, 1: 39–56.
 Pearce, P. (2005) ‘Perceiving and choosing the destination’,
Tourist Behaviour:
Themes and Conceptual Schemes, Channel View Publications, Bristol, UK, pp. 86–
104.
 Weaver, D. and Lawton, L. (2010) ‘The Destination Selection Process and Multiple
Decision Makers’,
Tourism Management, Wiley, Milton, QLD, pp. 155–156.
 Wilkins, H. (2011) ‘Souvenirs: what and why we buy’,
Journal of Travel Research,
50(3): 239–247.
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