Policy Brief Analysis on Tuberculosis Disease in India

POLICY BRIEF
ANALYSIS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Introduction to the country and tuberculosis disease..................................................................1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................2
Factors that are increasing tuberculosis problem in India...........................................................2
RESEARCH FINDINGS.................................................................................................................4
Public health strategies to address the Tuberculosis issue in India.............................................4
Unique way to collect the data....................................................................................................5
Findings of the studies along with recommendations.................................................................7
POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
A policy brief is an overall summary of a particular issue as this study is going to discuss tuberculosis disease within India and
impacts of this (World Health Organization, 2018). This study will discuss demographic trends and health system of India in order to know life
expectancy and disease burden. Further, it will discuss some causing factors as why tuberculosis disease is increasing within India. Along with
this, it will discuss some interventions and health care policies by which this problem and healthcare challenge can be decreased.
MAIN BODY
Introduction to the country and tuberculosis disease
In regard to India, seventh largest country by area, it can be said that population of this country grew from 361 million in 1951 to
around 1.211 billion in 2011. This drastic change and increasing rate shows that this country grew in all fields to the great extent.
 Demographic: In regard to this, it is found that India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65%
below the age of 35. On this basis, it can be said that India’s majority of population is young (McQuaid and et.al., 2021). Its birth as
well as death rates is both near the global average. In India, more than half of the population is under the age of 30 and less than ¼
populations is age of 45 and older. People in India at high risk for tuberculosis exposure and it includes: those people who have
malutriyion, poor immune, HIV and those who use tobacco to the great extent.
 Disease burden: On the basis of above discussion of demographic in India, it can be said that life expectancy of people within India
is about 68 for men and for women, it is 70. Disease burden of this India has also been measured and on the basis of measurement, it
is found that it is 61% due to communicable, neonatal, nutritional and maternal diseases. But as compared to data of 1990, disease
rate dropped to around 33% in 2016 (Bhargava and Shewade, 2020). The India state level disease burden initiative was launched in
October 2015 with the main aim of addressing the crucial knowledge gap with support from the ministry of Health and Family
Welfare. India has the highest burden of tuberculosis worldwide as estimated TB cases rate in India was around 204 per 1 lac
population.
 Health system: On the basis of above discussed disease burden as well as demographic trends, it can be said that government and
people of this country need to focus on improving health of people. Otherwise, it may have negative impacts on them and can
decrease life expectancy rate. India has a mixed health care system including private health system and inclusive of public health care
system. Government has taken initiative for improving health of people and for increasing awareness among people, first population
program was being announced in the year of 1951. The first National Health Policy of India got formulated in the year of 1983. In
health care system of India, private as well as public healthcare system providers focused on using non-allopathic form of medicines
include: Unani and siddha and Ayurveda. Indian government has banned the use of serological, antibody based TB test.
Tuberculosis is also one of the major health problem that has affected number of people of India and there is requirement of taking
effective actions by the government and associated healthcare bodies. Overall, it can be said that India has an effective health care system but
need to improvise more for decreasing healthcare challenges and improving life expectancy.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This study will discuss causing factors of tuberculosis problem within India along with data collection methods. It will then discuss
some effective interventions and polices that have been developed by healthcare service association of India for decreasing disease burden and
healthcare challenges.
Factors that are increasing tuberculosis problem in India
 Problem: In regard to tuberculosis, it can be said that it is a disease that is caused by germs, spread from person to person through the
air. This serious infectious disease affects lungs that are why it is called one of the dangerous diseases. Some main causes of this
disease is emergence of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. It is known that HIV weakens immune system of people so, people’s body
become unable to fight TB germs. As this disease was affecting number of people and it has caused death to the great extent. Due to
this, governments have taken actions for decreasing this problem (Harding, 2020). Interventions and policies, developed by
government were very effective and it was the reason as this disease began to decrease again in 1993 but still it is the big concern that
needs to be considered.
 Situation in India: On the basis of some current data, it is known that India is suffering from this healthcare problem to the great
extent. There are around 2.64 million cases and this rate is 193 per 100,000 populations.
Figure 1: TB Facts
Sources: (TB Facts: TB Statistics, India. 2021)
On the basis of above statistics and data, it can clearly be said that there are number of notifiable cases of tuberculosis and other main
disease that causes this problem. In the year of 2019, In India, there were around 10 million new cases of people who developed active TB
disease. In most of the cases, this infectious disease is curable and treatable but still it causes deaths to the great extent if it is not treated in an
effective and in a timely manner. An estimated of 1.4 million people died because of this infectious disease in the year of 2019. In this rate,
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