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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity

   

Added on  2020-06-04

8 Pages3049 Words103 Views
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

1The particular essay is about a patient named Mr. Robert Chase who is 47 year old, issuffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. Resistance to insulin mainly due to obesityand lack of physical activities results in diabetes type (Scirica and et.al., 2013). This is alsocalled metabolic syndrome, which means group of risk factors that causes the insulin resistance.Resistance in insulin can be defined as the loss of ability of glucose to perform it biologicalfunction at a given concentration. These two events of insulin resistance and metabolic syndromeare linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This is the main cause of increasingmortality in type 2 diabetes due to the increase in production of small and dense atherogenic LowDensity Lipoprotein (LDL) particles (Chen, Magliano and Zimmet, 2012). Adipose tissues and skeletal muscles also face problem related to insulin resistance due tothe alternation in handling of glucose and fatty acids in the liver and these tissues. The hepaticmanifestation related to insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus type 2 is a non-alcoholic fatty liverdisease (NAFLD). In this disease, there is increase of fat in liver but it is not because of alcoholuse and can also cause liver inflammation and in severe cases it leads to cirrhosis.In type 2 diabetes mellitus there is defect in the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. Ingeneral the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2 can be summarized in 4 steps: a)Increase in carbohydrate intake, b) Decrease in peripheral glucose intake, c) Increase in hepaticglucose production and d) Decrease in insulin secretion. These four events contribute to theoverall rise in blood glucose level that results in type 2 diabetes (Stenlöf and et.al., 2013).Problem of diabetes in 21st century create the biggest challenge for Australian heathsystem. Around 280 people in Australia develop diabetes every day that means one person inevery 5 minutes. Around 1.7 million Australians have diabetes out of which 1.2 million areknown and rest are undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. The total annual cost on treatment of diabetes inAustralia estimates around $14.6 billion.It can be easily observed from the tests that were performed and the signs and symptoms Mr.Chase depicted from last couple of days that he may be suffering from diabetes. From the bloodreports it was seen that his fasting Plasma glucose level was 11.4 mmol/L and readings above 7mmol/L is the clear indication of diabetes. Glycosylated haemoglobin, also called glycatedhaemoglobin, is formed when the haemoglobin join glucose in the blood. It is considered thatpeople having more than 6% HbA1C are diabetic. Here in case of Mr. Chase, he had 9% HbA1C1

which indicated he is suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2. The cholesterol level were foundto be quite high this indicate the problem of obesity.All the vital tests taken were normal except the Blood pressure which was found to be145/90 that indicated the hypertension stage I problems. Mr. Chase was having the problemrelated to frequent need to go in toilet to urinate and he was also feeling dizzy. His weight keepon increasing and result in overweight. These symptoms were similar to the symptoms ofDiabetes mellitus type 2 which includes: increase in hunger, frequent urination, blurred visionand dizziness. 2.There are many factors that effect the physical, mental and social well-being of diabeticpatients (Inzucchi and et.al., 2012). These factors can have both positive and negative impact onthe patients. Management of diabetes require the strict self care procedures like blood glucosetesting, proper diet, medicines and adequate exercises. This create a stress over patientsregarding their health and affect the interpersonal relationships. This is the major factor thateffect the social well being of patients. Peers support plays a major role in aspects of self careand non supportive behaviour of family can worse the blood glucose level.Many factors hinder the mental well-being of diabetes related patients that as a resultarises worries and create the emotional burdens over patients (Meier, 2012). These factorsinclude: distress regarding the complication of diabetes, feeling of guilt and anxiousness whenthe management of diabetes is sub optimal, get stressed up regarding the type of food and eatingand a feeling of worry regarding the hypoglycaemia. In case of Mr. Chase stress also play amajor role that effect the mental wellness, because release of stress hormone have direct impacton blood glucose level.Factors that affect the physical well-being of patients is chronic distress related todiabetes related complications. There are many diabetic complication that Mr. Chase was facingfrom past few days. He was feeling dizzy and was bothered by the need to go to toilet at night tourinate. His weight was increasing noticeably because of his eating and drinking habits resultingin over weight complications. Obesity is the key factor that further complicates the state ofdiabetes by resisting the effect of insulin of glucose (Singh and et.al., 2013).2

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