UK Trade with East African Import and Export after Brexit

This research focuses on analyzing the influence of East African Import and Export on UK trade after Brexit. It explores the importance of strong trade relations, the impact of Brexit on trade performance, and provides recommendations to mitigate risk factors associated with export and import.

UK Trade with East
African Import and
Export after Brexit

Table of Contents
Research Topic: UK Trade with East African Import and Export after Brexit...............................1
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................1
1.1. Background of the study..................................................................................................1
1.2. Aims and objectives........................................................................................................1
1.3. Rationale for selection of topic........................................................................................2
1.4. Research questions..........................................................................................................2
1.5. Significance and limitation of research...........................................................................2
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................2
2.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................2
2.2. To analyse trade relations of UK outside the EU............................................................2
2.2. To evaluate East African Import and Export trade..........................................................2
2.3. To determine importance of strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit..........2
2.4. To evaluate how Brexit can influence the UK's trade performance................................2
2.5. To provide proper recommendation to mitigate any risk factors of Export and Import
associated with Brexit.............................................................................................................2
Chapter 3: Research methodology...................................................................................................2
3.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................2
3.2. Research philosophies.....................................................................................................3
3.3. Research approach...........................................................................................................3
3.4. Research strategy.............................................................................................................3
3.5. Choices of method...........................................................................................................3
3.6. Time Horizons.................................................................................................................3

3.7. Data collection and analysis............................................................................................3
3.8. Cost, Access and Ethical consideration...........................................................................5
Chapter 4: Data analysis and interpretation.....................................................................................5
4.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................5
4.2. Data analysis....................................................................................................................5
4.3. Interpretation of data.......................................................................................................5
Chapter 5: Discussion on Research findings...................................................................................5
Chapter 6: Conclusion and recommendation...................................................................................5
6.1. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................5
6.2. Recommendation.............................................................................................................5
Chapter 7: Reflection.......................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

Research Topic: UK Trade with East African Import and Export after Brexit
Chapter 1: Introduction
Brexit is defined as the removal of United Kingdom from the European Union and the
European Atomic energy community. It is one of the most important decisions that have impact
upon trading performance operation as well as practices. Brexit have significant impact upon
economic performance of United Kingdom as it imposes number of laws and regulations which
is essential for United Kingdom to abide in order to conduct their trading operations in an
effective manner. Economic concept is mainly related to buying and selling of products services
and goods among two or more parties. It has been determined that after brexit there are a number
of rules and regulations what are required to be abide by United Kingdom in order to ensure
smooth trading relationship. However with the help of taking advantage of free trading
agreement with other Non-EU countries UK can enhance their economic performance and can
access their economic growth in a well define effective manner. According to the analysis it is
essential for organisations in the provinces of United Kingdom to take advantage of different
type of economic growth and trading practices as well as strategy in order to strengthen trading
relationship. Along with this UK is also required to determine those countries with whom they
can conduct free trading operations can enhance their economic growth and can assure smooth
transfer of goods and services in an effective manner. This will allow United Kingdom to
strengthen their relationship with more effectiveness. It is having significant impact upon trading
relationship of UK this it is important for country to enhance that reading relationship
effectiveness outside EU after brexit in order to determine the risk factor and overcome them in
effective manner.
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1.1. Background of the study
The term Brexit is used to represent the withdrawal and exist of the United Kingdom (UK)
from the European Union (EU) as well as from the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC
or Euratom) which was finalised and taken place on 31 January 2020. Thus, Brexit is taken as
one of the crucial and important topic which lead significant level of impact on trading prcatises
and overall economical performance of UK. Further, trade is an economical concept which
basically represent and reflects the buying and selling of goods, products and services among
two or more parties. Apart from this, trade all comprises of existing relationship between two or
more foreign countries that are exchanging and sharing goods and services across and beyond the
domestic boundaries lines of their country. Thus, an analysis can be made that the level of trade
between any countries is highly influence and impacted by the political and economical
relationship existing between two nations.
It is essential for companies in the provinces of United Kingdom to undertake and consider
different strategies for survival and economic growth in a post brexit world. Along with is it is
essential to effectively emphasise upon UK future trading relationship with the European Union,
as it has been underlined that brexit will lead hard impact upon major key sectors that include
UK manufacturing, healthcare, consumer goods industries, technology, automotive and more. It
has been underlined that after brexit there will be many custom and tariff changes being faced by
organisations. Thus, it is crucial to evaluate the issues for the business community that include
the impact of non tariff barriers that will have on post-brexit Britain. With the help of this stable
economic growth and effective business operations can be assured. Present report is conducted
on the am analyse influence of East African import and export over to trade after brexit deal.
This report include certain objective that involve evaluation of trade relation of UK outside the
EU East African import and export trade, importance of strong trade relation of UK outside EU
after brexit and the manner in which brexit influence UK trade performance. Along with this
report include research question, literature review, and research methodology and data collection
method. In addition to this data analysis and interpretation, discussion on research findings and
conclusion and recommendation are being discussed in present research report.
1.2. Aims and objectives
Research aim
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The research aim for the current study is “To analyse influence of East African Import
and Export over UK trade after Brexit”.
Research Objectives
Following are the main research objectives that are evaluated and analysed through
current investigation:
 To analyse trade relations of UK outside the EU.
 To evaluate East African Import and Export trade.
 To determine importance of strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit.
 To evaluate how Brexit can influence the UK's trade performance.
 To provide proper recommendation to mitigate any risk factors of Export and Import
associated with Brexit
1.3. Rationale for selection of topic
Present research is being conducted on UK trade with East African import and Export after
brexit. It has been identified that after brexit there will be number of exchange in both tariff and
non tariff barriers along with the legislation and laws. This will have significant impact upon
four key manufacturing sectors that include consumer good, healthcare, automotive and
technology. It is essential for economist and business organisations to evaluate the impact of
brexit along with the different factors upon UK domestic market. It has been identified that after
brexit there will be number of standards that are required to be implement by entities in United
Kingdom. Brexit will also lead towards increase in cost of exporting that will affect prize base
for both consumers and suppliers. It is essential for companies to emphasize upon the challenges
and alter their supply chain in order to effectively reduced reliance on the EU. UK with the help
of evaluating source of products from countries with which United Kingdom has free trade
agreement (FTA) is also the one of the most effective factor that will lead businesses to conduct
their operations in effective manner. Present research is having wider scope at it is conducted on
one of the most important topic which is the importance of strong trade relation of UK outside
EU after brexit along with the manner in which brexit have significant impact of trade
performance. With the help of this research in analysis number of positive as well as negative
influence of brexit can be underlined in an effective manner.
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1.4. Research questions
The main question tags which need to get analysed and evaluated under current research
project are provided as follows:
 Explain trade relations of UK outside the EU?
 How East African enterprises Import and Export trade?
 What is the importance of strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit?
 How Brexit can influence the UK's trade performance?
 What are the ways to mitigate any risk factors of Export and Import associated with
Brexit?
1.5. Significance and limitation of research
Brexit is having significant impact upon the East African Enterprises import and export
trade, it is essential for entities within United Kingdom to effectively evaluate the importance of
strong trade relation of UK outside EU after brexit. In this company with the help of determining
those countries which are having free trade agreement with UK can gain number of advantages
in terms of conducting their business operations with less complex legislation, tariff and non
tariff rates. It has been identified that are brexit is having significant influence upon the UK trade
performance as after brexit if there are a number of changes in administration, legal laws
implementation, legal legislations and other essential aspects that are required to be undertaken.
Present research is having significance as it is conducted on the essential topic which is related to
the importance of strong trade relation of UK outside EU after brexit. This will facilitate to
determine the ways through which entities can mitigate risk factor of export and import which is
associated with brexit. In addition to this is it has been identified that this research involves
number of aspects that allow researchers to effectively have in-depth analysis of importance of
strong trade agreement between UK and other countries in EU. Present study effectively allow
researcher to have proper understanding of the topic.
Scope of the study
The study will define the suggestion and ideas to complying with the importance of strong
trade agreements in addition to this the ways in which risk can be mitigated is also included in
this report. Furthermore, it has been evaluated at present study effectively provide number of
benefits for organisational as well as academic purpose as it is conducted on broader topic which
is basically associated with the importance of strong tradition of UK outside EU after brexit.
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With the help of this research researcher can further undertake research in this effective manner.
In addition to this it has been identified that this research study will be assistive for organisation
or entities in UK to undertake the ways to mitigate the risk factors of export and import
associated with brexit.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1. Introduction
A literature review duly discusses overviews of books, insightful articles, and some other
sources pertinent to a specific issue, zone of exploration, or hypothesis. It mainly gives a
portrayal, synopsis, and basic assessment of these works according to the examination issue
being researched. Furthermore, it has been evaluated that literature review are intended to give a
review of sources you have investigated while exploring a specific subject in a well define and
effective manner (Wu, 2020). According to the analysis it has been determined that a literature
review place each work in the context of its contribution to understanding the research
problem being studied, effectively describe the relationship of each work to the others
under consideration, identify new ways to interpret prior research and reveal any gaps that
exist in the literature. Furthermore, it has been underlined that a literature review is a survey
of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge and duly
allows investigator to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research. Since
literature review is also known as a review that is of narrative in nature and thus great
importance is given to it in this report and appropriate and necessary measures are taken in it
including studying relevant and different types of books, journals, magazines, etc. so that it can
add value to the report in the long run. Apart from this the research problem is analysed and
evaluated in a detailed manner so as to investigate the source of problem in an appropriate way
so that relevant and accurate measures can be taken and implemented which can help to solve the
problem appropriately and that too within a limited period of time with full effectiveness and
efficiency (Adetula and Osegbue, 2020).
2.2. To analyse trade relations of UK outside the EU.
As per the view point of Rollo and Holmes, 2020 the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement
is mainly conducted between the EU and the UK sets out particular agreements in regions, for
example, exchange products and in administrations, advanced exchange, protected innovation,
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public acquisition, aeronautics and street transport, energy, fisheries, government managed
retirement coordination, law implementation and legal collaboration in criminal issues, topical
participation and support in Union projects (Meghji, 2020). It is supported by arrangements
guaranteeing a level battleground and regard for essential rights. In addition to this, it has been
evaluated that there are many trade and cooperation agreement is strengthen the pillars of strong
relationship of UK outside the EU (Rollo and Holmes, 2020). It has been determined that some
of the certain trade relations are, A Free Trade Agreement it is mainly a new economic and social
partnership. Furthermore, according to the analysis it has been evaluated that, the arrangement
covers exchange merchandise and enterprises, yet in addition a wide scope of different zones in
the EU's premium, for example, competition, tax transparency, road and air transport, fisheries,
social security coordination, state aid and investment (Armand de Mestral, 2020). In addition, to
this it has been determined that, the trade and Cooperation agreement sets up another structure
for law requirement and legal participation in civil as well as criminal law matters. It perceives
the requirement for solid participation between public police and judicial authorities, specifically
for battling and indicting cross-line wrongdoing and illegal intimidation. It constructs new
operational abilities, assessing the way that the UK, as a non-EU part outside of the Schengen
territory, won't have similar offices as in the past (Jackson and Shepotylo, 2020). In addition to
this, it has been underlined that, the security participation can be suspended in the event of
infringement by the UK of its responsibility for proceeded with adherence to the European
Convention of Human Rights and its homegrown implementation. Since Brexit is a term given to
the systematic and sequential exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union’s it is
estimated that after the exit of the UK, the EU will still have around 40 trade deals that covers
almost more than 70 countries all over the world while UK has also made subsequent changes in
the law and thus as a result will continue to trade in almost 60 countries from the above
mentioned all (Oppermann, Beasley and Kaarbo, 2020). Apart from these deals a fresh set of
different deals will also begun in the 2021 that will be with Canada and Mexico and thus it can
be seen from it that UK still have many intact relations with almost each and every country
across the world which subsequently increases its value in the market as compared to other
nations. UK has also increased its trade relations that is exports and imports with other countries
that are not a part of EU in a substantial manner and is increasing and improving gradually but
since after the Brexit laws, rules and regulations, policies and procedures of the EU are not
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applicable and the trade agreements that are done earlier will be considered null and void and
thus it can be seen as a fresh start for both the nations and it can also help them to grow and
prosper as an individual within a short period of time (Banerjee, 2020).
2.2. To evaluate East African Import and Export trade.
The Prime Minister of the UK sees a huge and ready market in the African countries and is all
set to exploit that in an appropriate way so that it can help the nation to regain and increase its
GDP which has contracted due to the Brexit as well as the pandemic which has affected almost
each and every sector (Benedi Lahuerta and Iusmen, 2020). Also many trade deals have been
already signed and many of them are in progress due to the importance African countries possess
with them, though UK will still mainly prioritise the countries from which it gains huge
advantages like US, China, EU, Australia, and South Korea. Since due to Brexit the firms and
the companies which are earlier located there will search a place that can foster their operations
and also help them to achieve the growth, sustainability, and stability that they are looking for
and African continents are a great place for such reallocation as it can help them to gain from the
market situations that are currently prevailing there and will also act as a stepping stone which
can prove beneficial for the organisations to increase and improve their growth and prosperity in
the long run. It can be clearly seen before the Brexit that there are a lot of foreign direct
investments directly in the EU which also benefits the UK in a direct manner and while it was a
part of the earlier it also enters in a market as a part of it and not a separate one which
subsequently and substantially increases its market value which further results in improved and
increased sales and profitability which directly proves beneficial for the economy of the country.
Apart from that it also gains advantage of being a part of the EU as it gains from the policies that
they implement for the betterment of the nations that are a part of it (Burdekin, Hughson and Gu,
2018). It can be seen that after Brexit rand has lost 8% as compared with dollar but still managed
to gain over tumbling pound but it is not a very good sign for the country as it has already lost
approximately 21% of its currency as compared with dollar in a year but African currency is
performing exceptionally well in the money market and as a result it can be suggested that it will
lead to a vicious cycle and the UK will ultimately fall in a technical recession which can
adversely affect the trade relations between it and the African nations (Bristow, 2020). It can be
seen that the gold mining is one of the sector that will surely see many gains that are mostly of
short term in nature while in long term it would not that beneficial as compared to the current
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scenario. Also the cutting of subsidies from EU to the farmers of the Africa will ultimately help
the farmer and their techniques that they use to produce and procure products and thus will
directly benefit the UK in the long run. As African countries also have many options in front of
them so as to choose the deals that are related with trade in an appropriate manner so that it can
carter the needs, requirements, and demands of the country as well as its citizens in an impactful
way so it will analyse and evaluate all the situations and the amount of the deal so as to select the
best alternative that is present in the current scenario and thus the UK will also have to be sure
that it has done all the homework and detailed evaluation of all the aspects and must accord such
a price in the deal so that the market which is huge in Africa can be exploited by them rather than
someone else (Zyla, 2020). Apart from this the UK must also try to capture the existing market
of the African countries and try to manipulate them in such a way so that reallocation can be
done in a way that can prove beneficial as well as useful for the nation, its people, and the
society which will subsequently help in increasing and improving the standard of living and will
also contribute in the GDP enhancement of the nation which has suffered a lot due to various
aspects including the pandemic COVID (Flinders, 2020). Also it must try to increase its foreign
direct investment (FDI) in a systematic manner so that it can attract potential firms and
companies to operate in the nation by providing adequate and proper infrastructure and the
resources that possess a lot of value in the operation of any enterprise so that it can help to
reduce and overcoming the ill effects of the exit from the EU so that the decisions can be seen as
one of the best one (Deva and Madhuchandra, 2020).
2.3. To determine importance of strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit.
As per the view point of Beqaj, 2020 trade relation play most important role between
various nations is a significant factor which is significantly increasing living expectations, giving
work and empowering shoppers to appreciate a more noteworthy assortment of merchandise. In
addition to this, it has been underlined that international trade has international trade has
happened since the soonest civilisations started exchanging, however as of late worldwide
exchange has gotten progressively significant with a bigger portion of GDP gave to imports as
well as exports (Jafari and Britz, 2020). It can be easily seen that before Brexit the EU was the
biggest trade partner of the UK and also contributes to the growth and prosperity of the country
in a positive way but after Brexit it is highly important for the latter to establish and maintain
strong trade agreements and relations with other nations too as it will help and prove useful in
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increasing its separate value in the market and that too within a limited time frame. Also after the
exit of the UK from EU all eyes of other countries are on it and are closely monitoring the
activities that are performed by it in order to increase its trade relations with others and hence the
steps that it will take must be appropriate and adequate enough so as to carter the requirements of
the country in the long run. Also it must try to build and regain relations with the nations that are
closely associated with it so that the time period that is taken in deals must be shorten which can
further prove beneficial for the country in regaining its market value in the industry within a
short period of time and thus acting as a role model for other nations for the overall growth and
development (Downer, 2018). Brexit fundamentally alters Britain’s relations with trading
partners outside Europe. There are two schools of thought regarding the impact of Brexit on rest
of world trade of the United Kingdom. The counter argument holds that Brexit strengthens the
international trading position of the United Kingdom. As a member of the European Union, the
UK is prohibited from negotiating bilateral trade agreements with rest of world partners. EU
membership thus confines the UK to trade deals negotiated by Brussels, which have been
stymied by disputes over subsidies to continental European farmers (administered under the
Common Agricultural Policy) and other protectionist lobbies. Exiting the EU will enable the UK
to become a global beacon of free trade, striking robust trade liberalisation agreements with both
developed countries (Australia, New Zealand, United States) and developing/emerging
economies (Brazil, China, India). (Paul Marshall, “At Last We Can Embrace the Business of
Building Up Prosperity”.
According to the analysis it has been identified it is important for United Kingdom to have
strong relationship outside EU after brexit in order to conduct trading operations in an effective
manner (Smith and Sarabi, 2020). Furthermore, it has been underlined that with the help of
strong song relationship EU can conduct their business operations in an effective manner. In
addition to this, it has been evaluated that according to the analysis it has been identified that
United Kingdom is EU second largest single export market, for this it is essential to have a
strong relationship in order to conduct business operations while assuring higher profitability. It
has been identified that United Kingdom also have a strong competitive advantage in service
trade which is significantly growing more strongly globally than trade in goods. Thus, with the
help of having strong relationship and maintaining a close friendship and partnership business
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operations high profitability can be conducted. Thus it has been identified that with the help of
having strong trade relation of UK outside EU after brexit will assure smooth trading operations.
In addition to this according to the analysis it has been identified that with the help of having
strong trade relation use of abundant materials can be acquired. In addition to this strong trade
relation also lead towards assuring more competitive advancements in which utilisation of low
labour cost and other competitive factors can be effectively undertaken (Schäfer, 2020). In
addition to this it has been identified that with the help of having strong trade relation of UK
outside EU after brexit will allow customers to have a greater choice. In this with the help of new
trade theory and countries can emphasise upon competitive advancements and can drive factors
behind the trade by providing customers with the greater choice of differentiated products (James
and Quaglia, 2020). In addition to this according to the analysis it has been identified that strong
relationship is having significant importance of United Kingdom outside EU ater brexit as it lead
towards global growth and economic development, as strong trade relationship plays an
important factor in promoting economic growth that will officially lead towards reducing in
absolute poverty levels (Luthra, 2020).
2.4. To evaluate how Brexit can influence the UK's trade performance.
As per the view point of Agnew, 2020 the European Union (EU) is the UK's biggest
exchange accomplice. Around a half of the UK's exchange is with the EU. In addition to this, it
has been determined that EU participation lessens exchange costs between the UK and the EU.
This makes merchandise and enterprises less expensive for UK purchasers and permits UK
organizations to trade more. Furthermore, it has been underlined that by leaving the EU ('Brexit')
would bring down exchange between the UK and the EU due to higher levy and non-duty
obstructions to exchange. In addition to this, it has been determined that the UK would profit less
from future market combination inside the EU. The fundamental financial advantage of leaving
the EU would be a lower net commitment to the EU spending plan. Furthermore, according to
the analysis it has been underlined that, to assess the effect of Brexit it has been investigated the
adjustment in speculation and work for firms more and less presented to Brexit through both
vulnerability and expected deals impacts. In addition to this, it has been underlined that, there
could be impacts through the two channels (Wu, 2020). According to the evaluation it has been
evaluated that the most grounded impacts so far have come through vulnerability. The following
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outline shows that organizations that consider Brexit to be being a significant wellspring of
vulnerability have ordinarily had lower speculation development since the submission than the
individuals who consider Brexit to be as less significant (Baines, Brewer and Kay, 2020).
Furthermore, this has evaluated that organisation in the United Kingdom. In addition to this, it
has been determined that firms in the UK economy that send out more products and ventures to
the EU and import more materials from the EU and take use of more labour power from the EU
were generally unsure and anticipated that Brexit should in the end have a more antagonistic
impact on their deals (Grossule, 2020). There are many positives as well as negatives for UK
from Brexit as the European Union is one of the biggest trade partners of the UK and almost half
of the total trade is done with EU as it reduces the cost of trade and thus making the products and
services cheaper and subsequently results in improving living standards. In the absence of it the
goods and services will cost a lot as compared to earlier and the cost will directly become a
burden on the shoulders of the prospective consumers and thus it will result in decreased sales
and profitability as a whole. Since the exit would mean higher rate of tariffs on the products
which will result in increased cost and thus trade would be limited and shortened due to which
trade between both the countries will fall drastically. Apart from this the main advantage of
Brexit is that it will open new market options for the nation and thus allowing the country to
grow, prosper, and expand in the current scenario which will prove highly beneficial in the long
run (Emmerson, Johnson and Mitchell, 2016).
Along with this, it has been underlined that entities that are more beneficial expect the
inevitable impact of Brexit on deals to be more negative than for less profitable firms. In addition
to this, it has been determined that on account of a "no arrangement" on exchange , Britain would
lose zero- quota as well as zero-tariff to the European single market of 450 million shoppers
short-term. Furthermore, it has been determined that the European Union is Britain's greatest
exchanging accomplice that duly represents 47% of its exchange 2019 (Cohn and Hira, 2020). In
addition to this, it has been evaluated that it had an import as well as export imbalance of 79
billion pounds ($104.86 billion) with the EU, an excess of 18 billion in administrations
outweighed by a deficit of 97 billion pounds in goods. According to the analysis it has been
identified that brexit is having significant influence upon the United Kingdom trade
performance, it has been evaluated that United Kingdom is being significantly affected because
of brexit as it lead significant change in laws and legislation (Martill and Staiger, 2020). Along
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with this due to brexit there will be a major restrictions being imposed upon the trading of
products and materials, after brexit organisation within United Kingdom are required to abide all
the standards and regulations of European Union in order to sell their products and services. In
addition to this it has also been underlined that the United Kingdom is also required to adopt and
comply with the relevant legislative measures of EU. In this organisations within United
Kingdom are required to develop their law according to the evolving EU regulation. This will
lead organisation to undertake major changes in their organisational policies as well as
procedures (Boussebaa, 2020). Furthermore, it has been underlined that the consequences of
brexit will lead organisations within United Kingdom to face new rules, governing regulating
and chances in services and technologies and other aspects. In these entities are required to make
amendment to copyright rules and other aspects in order to effectively conduct business
operations (Almlid, 2020). Organisations within United Kingdom are also required to determine
each and every change in European Union legislations in order to comply with the same.
In addition to this, it has been determined that Although it is always hard to assess what the
economic future may bring and there are many uncertainties, we consistently find that by
reducing trade, Brexit would lower UK living standards. Importantly, the fall in income per
capita resulting from lower trade more than offsets any savings that the UK obtains from reduced
fiscal contributions to the EU budget. Our baseline estimates imply that, after accounting for
fiscal savings, the effect of Brexit is equivalent to a fall in UK income of between 1.3% and
2.6% – that is, a decline in average annual household income of between £850 and £1,700 per
year. In addition to this, it has been determined that Brexit is likely to reduce foreign investment,
which has been found to lead to higher productivity – for example, Haskel et al (2002). Pain and
Young (2004) estimate that EU membership adds 2.25% to UK GDP via the channel of foreign
direct investment. Similarly, migration is found to aid growth and help to reduce the budget
deficit without serious adverse labour market effects. Along with this, this has been determined
that The UK could weaken social, employment and environmental regulation to some degree.
But even if this were politically possible, the UK already has one of the most flexible
employment and product market regulations in the world according to the OECD (second in
product regulation to the United States and third to the United States and Canada in labour
regulations). Even if the GDP impact of such regulations were large (a point on which there is
controversy), further weakening protection to say US levels would make little economic
12

difference. But many of these regulations implement policies that the UK government is
committed to following inside or outside the EU. For example, half of the total cost comes from
just two policies: the Renewable Energy Strategy; and the Working Time Directive. Scrapping
these regulations would mean abandoning the UK’s renewable energy targets and removing
rights such as the entitlement to 20 days paid annual leave. Even if the regulatory costs of EU
membership were 0.9% of GDP, this figure is still less than half as large as our estimates of the
net cost of Brexit even in the purely static case, and a lot less than the 6.3% to 9.5% costs under
the dynamic case. There are many costs of regulation in the UK, such as our inefficient planning
system (as explained, for example, by the LSE Growth Commission, 2013). But these problems
are primarily home-grown, rather than imports from Brussels. In addition to this, it has been
determined that, the economic consequences of leaving the EU will depend on what policies the
UK adopts following Brexit. But lower trade due to reduced integration with EU countries is
likely to cost the UK economy far more than is gained from lower contributions to the EU
budget. 10 Even setting aside foreign investment, migration and the dynamic consequences of
reduced trade, we estimate the effects of Brexit on trade and the UK’s contribution to the EU
budget would be equivalent to a fall in income of between 1.3% and 2.6% (£850 to £1,700 per
household per year). And once we include the long-run effects of Brexit on productivity, the
decline in income increases to between 6.3% and 9.5% (about £4,200 to £6,400 per household
per year).
2.5. To provide proper recommendation to mitigate any risk factors of Export and Import
associated with Brexit
As per the view point of Mariani and Sacerdoti, 2020 it is essential for UK to mitigate any
form of risk factors of import and export which is associated with Brexit. In this, with the help of
the specific plan of action and the particular administrations that are worked will decide the
effects of Brexit and these will conceivably be broad and inescapable. In addition to this, it has
been underlined that with the help of more profound understanding can be gotten through study
style correspondence with key individuals and groups inside the association to guarantee that the
top effects for various administrations, items and parts of the business are raised. Furthermore, it
has been recommended to document the potential impact with the help of survey-style
communication, this method will significantly allow to determine the impact of brexit through
which risk can be mitigated in a well define and effective manner (Sakal, 2020). Furthermore,
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according to the analysis it has been identified that risk can be mitigated, in this it is
recommended of exercising access labour; in this it is recommended for organisations operating
their business operations in United Kingdom to determine how much their organisational
operations extend on EU workers. With the help of this analysis entities can have maximum
emphasise upon their existing work force within United Kingdom, as it has been determined that
after brexit EU labour may become more restricted this may further create great number of
obstacles in front of entities within United Kingdom to perform their operations with strong
legations (Ismail and Grunder, 2020). According to the elevation it has been identified that
labour play most important for any organisation irrespective of its size and scope. Thus, it is
recommended for organisations within United Kingdom engaged in any industry segment to
determined or access nationality of their labourers and maximize their work force strength with
labourers those who mainly belongs to United Kingdom. Along with his company is also
recommended to undertake the use of different strategies in order to track employee nationality
status in order to effectively ensure immigration compliances (Oppermann, Beasley and Kaarbo,
2020). In addition to this, it is also recommended to entities engage in the process of product
compliance; in this companies are required to make sure that they are required to sell their
product according to certified against EU standards.
It has been identified that after brexit United Kingdom standards and regulations is not
recognised EU. For this, it has been recommended organisations within United Kingdom to
assure compliance with future trade terms as if they have to deal with suppliers inside the EU or
countries who have a trade agreement. Along with this, it is essential for entities within United
Kingdom to determine the extent of complexity that may arise in supply chain logistics due to
brexit, in this company are recommended to engage in the process of supply chain mapping in
order to determine the risk (Strong and Wells, 2020). For this company can take undertake risk
audit. Entities are also recommended to access consequence and probability in order to determine
the ever changing nature of brexit negotiation. Companies are also recommended to conduct a
risk audit, with the help of this they can evaluate better possible impact of brexit in context of
their own unique circumstances. It is essential for organisations to have proper understanding of
the export businesses and effectively prepare themselves for brexit. Thus, according to the
analysis it has been identified that brexit will significantly increase additional administrative
burden as well as duty rates. In this business owner in the provinces of United Kingdom is
14

required to undertake advantage of efficient strategy and analysis in order to effectively prepare
themselves for brexit. Companies are recommended to identify their importance suppliers and
customers in order to determine the extent of impact that they can have upon business
organisation. With the help of this entries can assure strong strategic supply chain relationship in
order to have efficient financial value (Laitinen, Troitiño and Kerikmäe, 2020). In addition to
this companies are recommended to put their into one of the three categories those which relate
to trade across the border between the UK and the EU; those which relate to trade between the
UK and non EU countries; and those which are UK domestic. For each of these three types of
trade the risks will be different.. Thus, with the help of emphasising upon the above-mentioned
recommendation entities within United Kingdom can evaluate the long-term impact of brexit and
can undertake effective regulatory requirement and relevant standard for the products and
determine the impact of brexit between and EU countries. As it is very much important as well as
essential to mitigate all the risk factors that are closely associated with the exports and imports of
the products and services after Brexit and it is highly crucial for the UK too to keep a tab on all
the aspects that can hamper its trade relations with other nations and thus it involves a lot of
detailed research, analysis, and evaluation so that all the factors can be studied in an appropriate
manner. Since due to the exit of the EU from major trade agreements and also it has made the
availability of goods and services and its price very high indeed which is one of the major
drawback of this deal to the UK and thus necessary measures must be implemented so that it can
help to reduce the after effects of the deal on the nation. Thus it can be recommended that the
UK must try to increase its trade deal with other countries and also a lot of attention must be
given to FDI and all of these can help the nation to sustain and survive in the long term aspect
and that too in an effective and efficient manner (Esler, 2019).
Chapter 3: Research methodology
3.1. Introduction
This section of research project forms a vital part in success and efficient completion of a
study as it facilitates information about the main form and types of research method that are used
to perform and carry out a research work. The current assignment is based on an important topic
associated with the impact of Brexit in trade thus, use and implication of Research onion model
15

has been made for current investigation. The main purpose and reason behind making use of
research onion model is based on the fact that it facilitates and leads to better analysis and
evaluation of each and every vital aspect of research methodology in detail along with leading
valid justification and reason for selection of a research method and approach based on the
nature of investigation. Since it is a procedure or can be said as a technique that helps in
identifying, selecting, processing, analysing, and evaluating detailed information about a
particular or specific topic which possess a lot of importance in the current market scenario. it is
one of the most important as well as crucial and critical aspect as it can help in development and
growth while at the same time it carriers the potential of damaging and disrupting the market
value and image if not analysed and examined in an accurate and precise manner. There are a
number of tools and techniques that are used in it so that the problem that is currently faced must
be solved and that too with a limited and short time period so that it can add value in the long run
(Grunder, 2019).
3.2. Research philosophies
This forms the first layer of research onion that is divided into four main types of research
philosophy comprises of positivism, interpretivism, realism and pragmatism philosophy out of
which use of Interpretivism research philosophy is most suitable and viable and for current
investigation. The justification for selection of interpretivism philosophy is based on the fact that
it facilities and support better analysis and understanding of human behaviour. Research
philosophy helps in analyzing and evaluating different ways that can be used in an appropriate
manner so as to solve the problem in an effective and efficient way, though there are a number of
different philosophies that are pragmatism, positivism, realism, and interpretivism and all of
them carriers a lot of values in the current scenario. The one that has been chosen in this report is
the last one that is interpretivism and this is the only one which is very closely related with the
topic as it states that a research performs particular and specific roles so as to observe the social
world in an accurate and precise manner. This philosophy also includes and takes human interest
into consideration and thus it is highly regarded as one of the best philosophy in identifying and
examining the situations that are currently prevailing in the market conditions which is highly
competitive and dynamic in nature (Hamilton, 2017).
16

3.3. Research approach
Research approach is a detailed plan that is formulated so that the problem can be solved
effectively as it involves a series of steps including data collection, analysis, and interpretation so
that all the activities that are done can be directed towards a similar goal and objective so as to
achieve and accomplish that in a stipulated time. there are a number of different approaches that
can be used and are used to solve various issues but the one that is best suited is taken which is
inductive form as it involves a detailed analysis and observation of all the aspects in an
elaborated manner so that the root cause of the problem can be identified and examined so as to
detect it in its original way and solve it as soon as possible. Since in this type of approach
patterns, regularities, and resemblances are studied so as to reach to a conclusion that can prove
beneficial as well as useful to solve the issue in an appropriate and accurate way (Keohane,
2017). Use of inductive form of research approach is seemed suitable for current investigation
based on topic of impact of Brexit has as it is related with the interpretivism form of research
philosophy and also lead to reach a valid outcome based on analysis and evaluation of various
authentic theories.
3.4. Research strategy
It is one of the most important aspects as it involves the overall plan which is formulated to solve
the given problem in a precise way as it mainly acts as a guide to the researcher so that all the
operations that are related with planning, executing, and monitoring can be done and examined
in an accurate and precise manner. Though there are a number of different tools and techniques
that are included in the strategy but the one that is very crucial is used in this report which is
survey study and in it all the factors that are related with it are firstly studied in a detailed way
and after that survey has been done on different sectors and the effects of the Brexit on them so
as to analyse and evaluate all the varied aspects in detail which can help in finding out the
solution in a much quicker manner (Kumar, 2017). Utilisation of survey strategy of research is
most appropriate and justifiable for current study as it facilities an easy collection and analysis of
data through making use of questionnaire as main research instrument for collection of data from
larger number of respondents.
3.5. Choices of method
The method that has been used in the research possesses a lot of importance as well as
value in the current scenario and hence the choice of it is done after a rigorous research and
17

detailed examination and evaluation of all the aspects and factors that directly and indirectly
affects and impacts the working. There are mainly three choices of methods that is available in
the present time namely quantitative, qualitative, and mixed as in quantitative numerical terms
and value are identified and examined and in qualitative other aspects are studied in detail,
whereas in mixed method both of the above are used accordingly so as to carter the needs of the
report. In this research project the best suited one is chosen which is quantitative since all the
aspects are analysed in numerical terms and hence it will prove beneficial too in the long run for
evaluation the effects of the Brexit deal on both UK and EU separately (Oberhofer and
Pfaffermayr, 2018).
Basically there are two most commonly used research method i.e. quantitative and qualitative
method from which one is selected and opted by an investigator to perform and conduct an
investigation in a viable manner. With respect to current investigation use of quantitative form
of research method is made as it facilitates an easy mode of data collection in numeric terms.
Apart from this, a justification can also be made that use of quantitative form research method
would lead to more resonation and effective analysis of collected data with the help of statistical
graphs and tables which ensures and leads to a measurable and specific results to support more
authentic and relevant result.
3.6. Time Horizons
A research project takes a lot of time irrespective of the nature of the research topic and the
length of it since all the process and procedures has to be followed in it so as to implement it in
an effective manner. The research that has been done in this project is related with the Brexit
deal which is the systematic exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union’s and thus
involves a lot of detailed study in this aspect since it is a wide concept and all the trade relations
of both the countries that is after the deal and before the dean so that comparison can be done in
a precise way. Apart from this all the trade relations between both nations and their relations
with other nations too have to be examined in this research which is a time consuming effort
since all the facts and figures must be accurate enough so that the plan which will be formulated
after evaluation of the aspect must be accurate enough to solve all the issues in an impactful
manner. Thus the time period after which all the processes must
18

3.7. Data collection and analysis
It is one of the most important and valuable step and posses a lot of value in the current
scenario and in every research that has been done as in it the collection of data and its analysis in
an appropriate manner is done so that all the information can be used in an accurate manner to
formulate a plan to solve the issue that is currently being faced. There are a number of different
ways to do so but the one that has been used in this report is done with the help of different
questionnaire and its related aspects as it is the best suitable way to appropriately analyse and
evaluate all the situation in a detailed and systematic manner. Apart from this the use of different
tools like pie charts, tables, graphs, etc. has been also done in an impeccable way so that all the
research can be summarised in a fixed format which can further prove beneficial for the overall
working. Also a team of experts is deployed so that all the activities are performed under the
supervision of experts so as to reduce the chances of any type of duplication of work and errors
which will subsequently increase the level of performance and the effectiveness of the research
in the long term concept and since Brexit deal is a long term agreement and thus constitutes
various different aspects like rules and regulations, policies and procedures, etc. which has to be
studied in an elaborated manner so as to understand it in depth which will help in increasing the
performance gradually (Simionescu, Streimikiene and Strielkowski, 2020). For analysis of
quantitative form of data collected for current investigation with the help of questionnaire, use
of frequency table and pie charts would be made. The just behind making use of frequency table
is based on the fact that it facilitates a more organised and systematic presentation of raw data
collected with the help of questionnaire. Further, use of pie carts ensures a more attractive and
clear way of presentation and interpretation of primary data collected to have better decision
making and understanding.
3.8. Cost, Access and Ethical consideration
It is the foremost and the most important part of the research as it must be done within a
budget that is stipulated for it and this aspect is taken into consideration in this research too as
the cost of the research has not came that much as it was analysed and expected at the starting
and hence it can be said that the team has done a commendable job in keeping all the costs low
which helped in saving a lot of amount and funds that can be used in some other research. Also
accessibility is a major concern in most of the projects of this nature and thus it is kept n mind
that the sensitive information will not be disclosed while the ordinary information will be
19

updated time to time so as to increase the confidence on the research. Apart from it ethical values
are also taken into consideration while doing the research so that no one can be harmed or
affected by the research and the work must go on smoothly without any complication to the
society (Wall, 2020).
Questionnaire
Name –
Age –
Email –
Address –
Q 1) Are you aware of the concept of Brexit?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) Do you think that Brexit can influence the UK's trade performance?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 3) According to you, how Brexit can influence the UK’s trade performance?
a) Low economic growth
b) Labour shortage
c) New trade agreements
d) All of the above
Q 4) Do you think, strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit will help in UK’s
economic growth?
a) Yes
20

b) No
Q 5) As per your perception, what can be the key challenges UK can face while
developing strong trade relationship outside after Brexit?
a) New trading laws and legislations
b) New Political circumstances
d) All the above
Q 6) What can be the most effective way to mitigate any risk factors of Export and Import
associated with Brexit?
a) Use survey-style communication
b) Up-to—date with new trade agreement
c) Diversify supply chain relationship
d) All the above
Q 7) Do you think it is necessary to strengthen trade relation of UK outside EU after
Brexit?
a) Yes
b) No
c) Neutral
Q 8) According to you by mitigating risk factors of exports and imports associated to
Brexit will allow UK to enhance its trade performance?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 9) Provide some additional suggestions for proper strategic planning and strategic
management that might be helpful for strengthening trade relation of UK outside EU
after Brexit-- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- - -
- -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - -- - -- - - - -
21

Chapter 4: Data analysis and interpretation
4.1. Introduction
Data analysis is defined as a process of cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to
discover useful information for business decision-making. The purpose of Data Analysis is to
extract useful information from data and taking the decision based upon the data analysis. In
addition to this, it has been determined that data Analysis is the process of systematically
applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense and recap, and
evaluate data. According to analysis it has been determined that there are various analytic
procedures “provide a way of drawing inductive inferences from data and distinguishing the
signal (the phenomenon of interest) from the noise (statistical fluctuations) present in the data. In
addition to this, it has been determined that data analysis is a process that relies on methods and
techniques to taking raw data, mining for insights that are relevant to the business’s primary
goals, and drilling down into this information to transform metrics, facts, and figures into
initiatives for improvement Furthermore, it has been determined that there are various methods
for data analysis, largely based on two core areas: quantitative data analysis methods and data
analysis methods in qualitative research. In addition to this, it has been underlined that data
analysis is important in business to understand problems facing an organisation, and to explore
data in meaningful ways. Data in itself is merely facts and figures. Data analysis organises,
interprets, structures and presents the data into useful information that provides context for the
data. This context can then be used by decision-makers to take action with the aim of enhancing
productivity and business gain. Along with this, it has been determined that data analysis,
therefore, is a necessity for making well-informed and efficient decisions. Data analysis is what
helps organizations determine their positions in the market relative to competitors. It is what
22

helps us identify the potential risks that need to be avoided and the opportunities that must be
grabbed in order to grow.
4.2 Data analysis
Q 1) Are you aware of the concept of Brexit? Frequency
a) Yes 26
b) No 4
Q2) Do you think that Brexit can influence the UK's trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 10
Q 3) According to you, how Brexit can influence the UK’s trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Low economic growth 10
b) Labour shortage 6
c) New trade agreements 8
d) All of the above 6
Q 4) Do you think, strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit
will help in UK’s economic growth?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 10
Q 5) As per your perception, what can be the key challenges UK can
face while developing strong trade relationship outside after Brexit?
Frequency
a) New trading laws and legislations 9
b) New Political circumstances 9
d) All the above 12
Q 6) What can be the most effective way to mitigate any risk factors of
Export and Import associated with Brexit?
Frequency
a) Use survey-style communication 8
b) Up-to—date with new trade agreement 9
c) Diversify supply chain relationship 6
23

d) All the above 7
Q 7) Do you think it is necessary to strengthen trade relation of UK
outside EU after Brexit?
Frequency
a) Yes 23
b) No 5
c) Neutral 2
Q 8) According to you by mitigating risk factors of exports and
imports associated to Brexit will allow UK to enhance its trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 19
b) No 11
Q 9) Provide some additional suggestions for proper strategic planning and strategic
management that might be helpful for strengthening trade relation of UK outside EU
after Brexit -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- -
- - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - -- - -- - - - -
4.3. Interpretation of data
Theme 1: Concept of Brexit
Q 1) Are you aware of the concept of Brexit? Frequency
a) Yes 26
b) No 4
24

Interpretation:
Brexit was the removal of United Kingdom from the European Union and the European
Atomic Energy Community, as per the viewpoint of above mentioned graph analysis it has been
identified that 26 out of 30 respondents are agree with the fact that, they are aware with the
concept of brexit. According to their view point brexit refers to the United Kingdom withdrawal
from European Union after voting. While on the other hand it has been identified that remaining
4 respondents out of 30 did not aware of the concept of brexit, as they did not have any form of
understanding related to this concept.
Theme 2: Brexit can influence the UK's trade performance
Q2) Do you think that Brexit can influence the UK's trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 10
25

Interpretation:
Brexit have significant capability to effectively influencing UK trade performance.
According to the above mentioned in analysis it has been identified that 20 out of 30
respondents are agree with the fact that brexit can influence the UK trade performance, as per
their opinion it has been identified that European Union offers a great market segment for trading
in which they can conduct their trade and can further assure profitability. In addition to this, as
per their viewpoint it has been identified that after brexit United Kingdom is required to abide
major trading regulations and legislations that can hamper their smooth trading performance. It
will be further leead United Kingdom to face much complexity in terms of trading. While on the
other hand it has been identified that the remaining 10 respondents out of 30 not think that brexit
can influence the UK trading performance, as according to their viewpoint it has been identified
that UK with the help of different strategies can identify those countries with whom they are
having free trade agreement and can further conduct their is business and trading operations in an
effective manner.
Theme 3: How Brexit can influence the UK’s trade performance
Q 3) According to you, how Brexit can influence the UK’s trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Low economic growth 10
b) Labour shortage 6
26

c) New trade agreements 8
d) All of the above 6
Interpretation:
It has been identified that brexit can influence trater performance of UK in number of
ways, as according to the analysis of above mentioned graph analysis it has been identified that
10 out of 30 respondents said that brexit can influence the trade performance of UK in terms of
economic growth. According to their which point it have been identified that after brexit United
Kingdom is required to abide different type of legal laws and trading regulations that will further
towards lowering economic growth. While on the other hand remaining 6 respondents out of 30
said that the major influence of brexit on UK trade performance is in terms of labour shortage, as
it has been identified from their viewpoint that after brexit United Kingdom will require to
implement different type of labour laws and regulations that can affect their labour recruitment in
number of ways. While it has been identified that remaining 8 respondents out of 30 said that
new trade agreement is a major influence of brexit upon trade performance, it has been
determined from their viewpoint that after brexit United Kingdom is required to implement
different type of new trade agreements that can enhance complexity in smooth trading
performance. It will further towards enhancing number of complexities and can affect their
economic growth in many ways. While it has been identified that remaining 6 respondents out of
27

30 said that all the above mentioned are points are having significant capability to influence
trading performance of UK.
Theme 4: Strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit will help in UK’s economic
growth
Q 4) Do you think, strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit
will help in UK’s economic growth?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 10
Interpretation:
After brexit there were number of trading regulation and other form of legal laws that
will be imposed and require to be a by the United Kingdom. According to the above mentioned
graph analysis it has been identified that 20 out of 30 respondents said that with the help of
strong trade relation outside EU after brexit United Kingdom can assure effective economic
growth, as in this country can determine those regions from which they are having free trade
agreement and can further conducted trading operations in a well defined and effective manner.
28

While on the other hand if it is talked about remaining 10 respondents out of 30 it has been
determined that they not think that with the help of strong relation United Kingdom can assure
their maximum economic growth.
Theme 5: Key challenges UK can face while developing strong trade relationship outside EU
after Brexit
Q 5) As per your perception, what can be the key challenges UK can
face while developing strong trade relationship outside EU after
Brexit?
Frequency
a) New trading laws and legislations 9
b) New Political circumstances 9
d) All the above 12
Interpretation:
It has been evaluated that there are number of challenges that United Kingdom can face
in the process of developing strong trade relationship. According to the analysis of above
29

mentioned it has been identified that 9 out of 30 respond said that the major challenge at UK can
face in the process of developing strong trading relationship after brexit is new trading laws and
legislations. According to the viewpoint it had been identify that after brexit United Kingdom is
required to implement different type of new trading legislations and laws which is essential for
non EU countries to abide in order to conduct trading. While on the other hand if it is talked
about remaining 9 respondents out of 30 it has been determined that the new political
circumstances is the major challenges that United Kingdom can face while developing strong
trading relationship outside EU after brexit, as according to their viewpoint that has been
evaluated that after brexit UK is required to face different type of new political circumstances
that can further enhance complexities in trading performance. At last, it has been identified that
remaining 12 respondents out of 30 said that both new trading laws and legislation and new
political cirumstancles can create challenges in front of UK that they can face while developing
strong trading relationship outside EU after brexit that can affect the trade performance in a
number of ways.
Theme 6: Most effective way to mitigate any risk factors of Export and Import associated
with Brexit
Q 6) What can be the most effective way to mitigate any risk factors of
Export and Import associated with Brexit?
Frequency
a) Use survey-style communication 8
b) Up-to—date with new trade agreement 9
c) Diversify supply chain relationship 6
d) All the above 7
30

Interpretation:
It is essential to mitigate any form of risk factor of export and import associated with
brexit in order to conduct trading in an effective manner while ensuring high profitability.
According to the above mentioned graph it has been identified that 8 out of 30 respondents said
that the most effective way to mitigate any form of risk of import and export associated with
brexit taking advantage of service style communication. According to the view point it has been
identified that with the help of this UK can determine perception of suppliers and customers and
can differentiate them in an effective manner. While on the other hand remaining 9 respondents
out of 30 said that with the help of up-to-date new trade agreements is most effective way
through which risk factors associated with brexit related to import and export can be mitigated.
According to the viewpoint it has been identified that with the help of having proper knowledge
of new trade agreement further strategies can be developed through which trading can be
conducted in an effective manner. Along with this remaining 6 respondents out of 30 said that by
diversifying supply chain relationship mitigation of risk associated with brexit related to import
and export can be undertaken in an effective manner. According to their viewpoint it has been
identified that United Kingdom by enhancing that supply chain relationship with non-EU
countries can asssure maximum profitability and can ensure a stable economic growth. While
remaining 7 respondents out of 30 said that the all above mentioned ways will help to mitigate
risk in a well-defined an effective manner.
31

Theme 7: Necessary to strengthen trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit
Q 7) Do you think it is necessary to strengthen trade relation of UK
outside EU after Brexit?
Frequency
a) Yes 23
b) No 5
c) Neutral 2
Interpretation:
After brexit it is essential for UK to effectively strengthen their trade relationship as it
allows them to enhance their economic growth and conduct business operations in effective
manner. It has been identified from the above mentioned graph analysis that 23 out of 30
respondents are agreed with the fact that it is essential to strengthen trade relation of UK outside
EU after brexit, according to their viewpoint it has been identified that with the help of
determining those countries with whom UK shares free trade agreement allow UK to conduct
their trade relations in an effective manner. With the help of this country can ensure smooth
trading operations and can maximize their economic growth as well as profitability in a well-
defined and effective manner. While on the other hand if it is talked about remaining 5
respondents it has been identified that did not agree with the fact that my strength increasing
32

relationship is essential for UK after brexit outside EU, at last remaining two respondents and
goes with the option of neutral.
Theme 8: Awareness of the concept of strategic management in business
Q 8) According to you by mitigating risk factors of exports and
imports associated to Brexit will allow UK to enhance its trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 19
b) No 11
Interpretation:
Mitigation of risk factors of import and export effectively allowed Britain to maximize
their trading in number of face. According to the above mentioned graph analysis it has been
identified that 19 out of 30 respondents are agreed with the fact that by mitigating risk factors of
export and import which is associated to brexit will significantly allow UK to effectively
maximize their trading performance in a well defined and effective manner. According to their
viewpoint it has been identified that it is essential for UK to mitigate risk of import and export
associated to brexit with the help of different strategies as this will allow them conduct trading in
a well defined and effective manner. While on the other hand it if it is talk about remaining 11
33

respondents out of 30 it has been identified that it did not consider that by mitigating risk Britain
can maximize their trading performance, as according to their viewpoint they think that Britain is
required to emphasise upon other factors in order to make significant enhancement in their
trading performance.
Chapter 5: Discussion on Research findings
Brexit is defined as the removal of United Kingdom from the European Union that lead
towards increase in number of regulation legislation and trading laws that are required to abide
by United Kingdom in order to conduct effective trading. In addition to this, according to the
analysis it has been identified that brexit will enhance complexity to conduct trading operations
in front of United Kingdom. Present research discusses the influence of East African import and
Export for UK trading after brexit. It has been determined that after brexit there were number of
rules and regulations which essential for United Kingdom to abide and implement with the help
of different strategies in order to conduct their trading performance with more effectiveness.
Along with the report also include analysis of trade relation of UK outside the EU, along with
this importance of strong trade relation of UK outside EU after brexit is also being discussed in
this. According to the analysis it has been determined that it is important for UK to have strong
trade relationship outside EU as it will allow them to conduct their trading in a well defined and
effective manner. After brexit there are a number of challenges that can be faced by UK in terms
of managing strong trade relationship with other countries in this UK with the help of number of
strategies and measures can determine the factors that are affecting their trading performance and
can further implement strategies in order to enhancing their economic growth with more
effectiveness. Report also evaluates the extent of brexit upon the trading performance of United
Kingdom. In addition to this it has been determined that the report also include certain
recommendation through which UK can significantly mitigate any form of risk factors of export
and import which is associated with brexit and can further conduct their operations in a well
defined and effective manner. In order to determine the research aim questionnare is being
developed through with certain set of questions is being form that will be asked from
respondents in order to effectively understand their viewpoint towards the topic. It will help in
conducting research with more effectiveness with efficient and accurate data. In addition to this
report also involve data analysis methods through which collected information will be analysed
34

in an effective manner. This will further allow accomplishment of research with more effective
manner. In order to conduct research with more effectiveness different type of research
philosophies, method and strategy will be undertaken through which accomplishment of research
will be assured in more effective manner. In order to conduct these research proper ethical
standards and data collection standards is being included in order to make sure that research is
accomplished with more effectiveness under proper ethical consideration. By emphasizing upon
these aspects researcher or investigator assure fulfilment of research objectives in a well defined
and effective manner through which accomplishment of research is assured with more
effectiveness. This topic is having wide scope as it is conducted on the strong trading
relationship importance after brexit that will allow you to maximize their economic growth in a
well define and effective manner.
Chapter 6: Conclusion and recommendation
6.1. Conclusion
As per the above mentioned report it has been concluded that brexit is the process of the
removal of United Kingdom from the European Union. It has been identified that brexit is having
significant capability to have influence upon trading performance of United Kingdom, as it has
been identified that United Kingdom offer a large market place and less number of trading rules
and regulations. While after brexit there are a number of rules and trading regulations that are
required to be abide by United Kingdom in order to effectively conduct their trading
performance. It has been identified that brexit can have influence upon trading performance of
UK in number of ways that include labour shortage, new trade agreements, low economic growth
and it has been determined that after brexit UK will find hard to recruit labours as it will increase
labour restrictions and other policies and legislation. Furthermore, it has been identified that it is
essential for UK to develop strong trading relationship outside UK after brexit with other
countries. This will significantly help UK to maximize their economic growth in a well-defined
an effective manner. It has been determined that with the help of strong trading relationship UK
can determine those countries with whom they can conduct free trade agreement. It will
significantly allow UK to maximize their economic growth and prosperity with more
effectiveness. By developing strong trading relationship with suppliers and other countries UK
35

can conduct their trading performance with less rules and regulation. It will facilitate UK to
enhance their global growth with more effective manner. However according to the analysis it
has been identified that there are a number of challenges that UK can face in the process of
developing strong trading relationship outside UK after brexit. These challenges can be in terms
of new trading laws and legislation, new political circumstances and more, as it has been
determined that after brexit UK there are new trading laws and regulations that are required to
abide by them in order to conduct their performance. While on the other hand, country will also
have to face new political circumstances that will significantly lead towards enhancing
complexity in their trading performance. Thus, it is essential for UK to develop strategies and
measures to overcome these challenges in an effective manner as to develop strong trading
relationships and conduct that trading performance in more effective manner. It has been
identified that with the help of different type of method UK can mitigate any form of risk factor
associated to import and import associated that brexit in a well-defined an effective manner. n
this by taking use of diversifying supply chain relationship and having up to date with new trade
agreements UK can effectively mitigate risk in an effective manner and can overcome these
challenges in an effective manner as to develop strong creating relationships and conduct that
wedding performance in one effective manner it has been identified that with the help of
different type of method UK can mitigate any form of risk factor associated to import and import
associated that brexit in a well-defined an effective manner in this by taking use of service
telecommunication diversifying supply chain relationship and having up to date with new trade
agreements UK can effectively mitigate risk in an effective manner. Furthermore it has been
underlined that with the help of these methods UK can significantly overcome the risk and with
more effectiveness this will further allow country to ensure the economic growth and
development with more effectiveness. Thus, it is essential for UK to undertake different type of
strategic measures in order to maximize their trade performance with more effectiveness in order
to conduct trade operations well defined and effective manner.
36

6.2. Recommendation
Brexit is significantly having positive as well as negative impact on trade relationship of
UK outside EU. In addition to this it has been underlined that brexit it is also having significant
influence upon United Kingdom trade that further lead towards enhancing number of risk factors
of import and export. Thus, it is recommended to undertake significant measures and strategies
in order to mitigate the risk and make efforts in order to conduct business operations while
negotiating market access for trade and investment in effective manner. It is recommended to
UK to undertake the different type of negotiating measures and emphasize upon free trade
agreement and determine the market where trade is free. United Kingdom is recommended to
make trade investment in order to assure its international outlook and contribute in its economic
growth and strong positioning. In addition to this it is also recommended to undertake advantage
of trade strategy in order to retain its current trade engagement. With the help of new trade
strategies United Kingdom can undertake effective trading measures and can provide easy access
to supplier and customers. It has been determined that with the help of new trade strategies issues
that are prevailing in existing great agreement can be effectively address. Trade strategy allows
Britain to undertake structural changes in order to have greater capacity to re-examine trade
relation. In addition to this UK is also recommended to emphasize on strategically positioning
themselves in world trade in order to ensure continuous economic prosperity. Furthermore, it has
been recommended to UK to liberalise influence on global trade negotiations in order to
undertake benefits of global service economy. In addition to this it has been recommended to UK
after brexit to negotiated own trade deals with non- EU countries in an effective manner. UK
with the help of own trade deals strategy can enhance their bargaining power and can conduct
trading operations in an effective manner. With the help of different type of policies and
measures UK Government can introduce new agricultural subsidies and other form of subsidies
for research and innovation in order to effectively enhance its competitiveness in global market.
UK is also recommended to emphasize upon attracting labour those who belong from United
Kingdom. Companies are also required to emphasise upon the regulations, laws and changes on
continuous manner after brexit in order to strengthen their relationship with EU. Furthermore it
has been recommended to UK to have a new approach which is basically based on managing
divergence in this with the help of negotiation, regulator partnership can be undertaken in order
to effectively develop UK EU relationship over time. This approach will significantly provide
37

more flexibility through which complex legal landscape and other barriers to trade can be
overcome.
Chapter 7: Reflection
Present Research analysis has been conducted on the influence of East African export and
export over UK trade after brexit. It has been determined by me that during this research analysis
number of challenges in positive as well as negative aspect that has been duly faced by me.
These challenges however affected the outcome of research, this has been determined by me that
during the initial phase of this research analysis I have to acquire data and information from
authenticated sources in this I faced difficulties to collect information in data in an accurate
manner from primary as well as secondary source of data Collection method. In this essential for
me to undertake view point of respondents and understand their perceptions. For this I have
made questionnaire in which certain questions has been formulated by me. Furthermore, it has
been identified by me that during the initial phase of this research I gained experience in context
of collecting data and information from different sources that include primary as well as
secondary data collection methods. However, due to my in effective communication skill I face
challenges to determine and understand viewpoint of respondents. However these ineffectiveness
has been effectively overcome by me during this research analysis, with this with the help of my
strong time management skill I accomplish research objectives in more effective manner. For
this I take use of gantt chart and work breakdown structure in order to break down complex
activities into manageable manner. The obstacle and challenges that has been experienced by me
enhanced my capability to conduct research in more effective manner. It has been determined by
me that this research not only enhanced my knowledge base on the certain topic but also allow
me to have knowledge upon present research topic. In addition to this has been determined by
me that the help of this research I enhanced my critical thinking skills and the capability of
collecting data from a different sources. This maximised my ability to accomplish future research
projects in more effective manner with more efficient skills. There were a lot of positive
experiences that has been acquired or experienced by me during this research such as this is
search analysis enhanced my communication skills. It has been identified by me that is present
research enhanced my knowledge associated to respective topics of trade relation of UK outside
the EU after brexit. This research analysis significant maximized my skill and knowledge along
38

with the capability to conduct research in an effective manner. Thus, according to the above
mentioned evaluation that has been determined by me that this analysis allow me to overcome
my weaknesses in a well defined and effective manner it further enhanced my future
development and growth Indore professional and personal context.
39

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44

Appendix
Q 1) Are you aware of the concept of Brexit? Frequency
a) Yes 26
b) No 4
Q2) Do you think that Brexit can influence the UK's trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 10
Q 3) According to you, how Brexit can influence the UK’s trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Low economic growth 10
b) Labour shortage 6
c) New trade agreements 8
d) All of the above 6
Q 4) Do you think, strong trade relation of UK outside EU after Brexit
will help in UK’s economic growth?
Frequency
a) Yes 20
b) No 10
Q 5) As per your perception, what can be the key challenges UK can
face while developing strong trade relationship outside after Brexit?
Frequency
a) New trading laws and legislations 9
b) New Political circumstances 9
d) All the above 12
Q 6) What can be the most effective way to mitigate any risk factors of
Export and Import associated with Brexit?
Frequency
a) Use survey-style communication 8
b) Up-to—date with new trade agreement 9
c) Diversify supply chain relationship 6
45

d) All the above 7
Q 7) Do you think it is necessary to strengthen trade relation of UK
outside EU after Brexit?
Frequency
a) Yes 23
b) No 5
c) Neutral 2
Q 8) According to you by mitigating risk factors of exports and
imports associated to Brexit will allow UK to enhance its trade
performance?
Frequency
a) Yes 19
b) No 11
Q 9) Provide some additional suggestions for proper strategic planning and strategic
management that might be helpful for strengthening trade relation of UK outside EU
after Brexit -- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - -- -
- - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- - - - -- - - - -- - -- - - - -
46