Ultraviolet - Visible Methods Research 2022

Ultraviolet-Visible Methods 1
Ultraviolet - Visible methods
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Ultraviolet-Visible Methods 2
A. How does it work (include overview and some detail)
Spectrophotometry is a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the substance by
measuring the absorbance or luminous intensity of the substance at a specific wavelength or
within a certain wavelength range. The wavelength range measured in this experiment is 200 ~
800nm (Gorog 2017).
When the monochromatic light radiation passes through the solution of the substance to be
tested, the amount absorbed by the substance within a certain concentration range is proportional
to the concentration of the substance and the thickness of the liquid layer (optical path length)
(Gorog 2017).
Spectroscopic research methods occupy leading positions in chemistry, biology,
pharmaceuticals and other fields. They are used to determine the composition of complex
compositions, the state of living organisms, control product quality, study the structure of
substances, etc. The use of spectroscopic methods is based on the interaction of molecules of a
substance with electromagnetic radiation, resulting in the absorption, emission or scattering of
part of the energy, which is recorded in the form of the corresponding spectrum (Gorog 2017).
UV spectroscopy uses a shorter wavelength region (400-700 nm) of electromagnetic
radiation, which has a higher energy, which causes electronic transitions in the molecule.
Functional groups or systems that are called chromophores are observed in the UV spectra.
Usually they have p-electrons or free electron pairs of heteroatoms, the transition of which from
the ground to the excited energy level corresponds to the UV range. Chromophores are part of
proteins and nucleic acids; therefore, UV spectroscopy is widely used in biochemical studies.
B. What and where is it being used in the Pharma industry?

Ultraviolet-Visible Methods 3
Medicines are special products related to human health. The production process of medicines
has clear and standardized management from raw materials, production processes, equipment,
software to personnel operations. Safe, effective and controllable are the only criteria for
evaluating the quality of medicines. In order to ensure that pharmaceutical production meets the
requirements of pharmaceutical quality, modern pharmaceuticals are subject to various methods
of detection and monitoring throughout the production process of intermediates and finished
products, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, ultraviolet
spectrophotometer, etc. It is a commonly used testing instrument in pharmaceutical production.
Among them, due to the advantages of high accuracy, low measurement limit, simple equipment,
low instrument cost, and easy operation , the ultraviolet spectrophotometer has become one of
the necessary testing equipment in pharmaceutical production (Fernando 2016).
Ultraviolet spectrophotometry is a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of
substances by measuring the absorbance or luminous intensity of substances at certain specific
wavelengths or within a certain range. The theoretical basis is Lambert-Beer law, the absorbance
and absorbance of solutions. The product of substance content and liquid layer thickness is
proportional to the product. For the general ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the relative error of
the measurement is 1% ~ 3%. With the synthesis and application of a large number of new color
developing agents, especially the application research on multi-component complexes and
various surfactants, the sensitivity of element determination has been greatly improved. Using
pre-enrichment and differential method, the applicable mass fraction is from constant (1% ~
50%) to trace amount (10 -1 ° ~ 10 -8 ) (Fernando 2016).
In the pharmacopoeia of various countries, the application examples of ultraviolet
spectrophotometry can be seen in various items such as physical and chemical constants,