Exploring the Effectiveness of Incentives on Employee Motivation

The assignment content discusses the impact of reward systems on employee motivation and provides a presentation to depict the findings. It also includes references from various books and journals on topics such as human resource management, organizational development, and research methodologies.

Research Project
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Task 1 Understand how to formulate research specification...........................................................4
1.1 Formulate and record possible research project outline specifications ................................4
1.2 Identify the factors that contribute to the process of research project selection ...................4
1.3 Undertake a critical review of key references .......................................................................5
1.4 Produce a research project specification ...............................................................................6
1.5 Produce plan and procedure for subsequent research ...........................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Matching resources effectively to frame the research questions...........................................9
2.2 Undertake the proposed research investigation in accordance with the agreed specification
and procedures...........................................................................................................................11
2.3 Recording and collating the related data..............................................................................12
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................13
3.1 Effective use of appropriate research evaluation technique ...............................................13
3.2 Interpreting and analysing the results..................................................................................14
3.3 Making recommendations and justifying the areas for further considerations....................22
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................23
4.1 Presentation of research ......................................................................................................23
References......................................................................................................................................24
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INTRODUCTION
In simper terms, research is defined as the process of investigating into a subject matter in
order to obtain suitable findings. Further, there are various tools and techniques which are
adopted by a scholar to carry out research on a particular topic. The present research is based on
assessing the impact of reward system on employee motivation. In the present scenario,
motivated workforce has become very essential for business in retail clotting sector. Thus, the
present study will highlight the fact that whether the use of reward system has any kind of impact
on motivation level of employees or not. Some factors which has contributed in the selection of
this particular study are also mentioned in this report.
TASK 1 UNDERSTAND HOW TO FORMULATE RESEARCH
SPECIFICATION
1.1 Formulate and record possible research project outline specifications
Aim “ To assess the impact of reward system on employee motivation”
Objectives
 To determining significance of reward system in organization,
 To identifying relationship between employee motivational and reward system
 To determining effective strategies thorough which motivational level of people in the
organization can enhance
It can be stated that the research has worked in different subsequent research and
developed many topics to carry out appropriate study. Some key topics which the researcher
encountered during his/her work includes the impact of social media marketing on sales and
profitability of business, significance of effective communication in organizations, the need and
importance of employee training in success of companies, impact of reward system of employee
motivation etc. Thus among all these available topics, the scholar has preferred to carry out study
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on impact of reward system on motivation level of workers within organization (Mowday Porter,
and Steers, 2013). The rationale behind choosing this topic is that the adequate information was
available on the topic and therefore it has helped in obtaining suitable and most accurate
findings. The scholar was well aware of the fact that with the use of different primary and
secondary sources, the data will be collected easily. Another reason for choosing the topic was
that nowadays majority of retail clothing stores has started using reward systems in their overall
operations. The study is going to help in exploring the effective reward system and what kind of
relationship does reward system and motivation has with each other.
1.2 Identify the factors that contribute to the process of research project selection
Every researcher is required to define effective and suitable methodologies which will
used in order to carry out study in effective manner and accomplish its aim and objectives. For
carrying out the present research, both primary and secondary sources of data collected will be
used. On the other hand, qualitative technique of data analysis will be implemented in which the
information collected will analyse by using various themes. The major which has contributed in
selection of the present study is role of motivation and rewards system within a business
enterprise.
In the present scenario, organization are required to make adequate use of all the
resources which are available with it. Furthermore, employee or human resources are considered
as one of the most important and crucial resources for business. It can be also expressed that with
the help of effective and highly skilled workforce, companies are able to serve customers with
more satisfactory products and services. Along with this, they are also able to gain competitive
advantage over other players which are operating in industry. One of the major factor which has
contributed in selection of this particular research is that the growing importance of reward
system among organizations. Most of the businesses has started providing different type of
monetary and non-monetary rewards to their workers (Jiacheng, Lu and Francesco, 2010).
Another factor which has encouraged the researcher in selection of this study is the significance
of motivation among business enterprises. Nowadays there are various theories and techniques of
motivation which are used by companies to encourage employees in giving best of their efforts
(Manzoor, 2012). Thus, the present study will help in determining link between motivation and
reward system. This research will consist of some dependent and independent variables which
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will be required to be taken care by researcher. It can be stated that independent variable are in
control of researcher whereas dependent variable entirely relies on independent variable. The
sample size selected in this research will be independent variable and impact of motivation and
reward system will be variable. In the present carried out research, qualitative data will be
present from which the researcher is going to obtain suitable findings. In simpler terms,
qualitative data can be termed as the information which is not present in form of numbers and it
is completely varied in nature.
1.3 Undertake a critical review of key references
As per the view of Armstrong and Taylor, (2014) reward system at workplace has
become very important in the present scenario. The role of such systems is to identify employees
who have excelled in their respective field and contributed outstanding towards the success of
organization (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). The use of reward system results in creating sense of
satisfaction among employee and helps them to give their best. Pinder, (2014) has explained that
the use of reward system supports in retaining employees for long run. This further results in
serving customers with the best quality of products and services (Pinder, 2014). The use of
reward system also play very important role in enhancing the productivity of employee.
However, has argued that organization needs to ensure that not only monetary but different types
of non-monetary rewards are also provided to staff members (Piccolo and et.al., 2010). This
includes non-monetary rewards such as health benefit or insurance for employee and their family
members, providing flexible working hours, recognition of employee efforts, providing them
with new roles and responsibilities etc.
According to Schneider and Bowen, (2010) employee motivation is directly affected by
the kind of reward system which has been adopted by organizations. Furthermore, businesses
which do not use any kind of reward system tends to have employee which are less motivated
and their morale level is also very low (Schneider and Bowen, 2010). The reason why reward at
regular intervals motivate workers is that they become well aware of the fact that delivering
better performance will result in better rewards. Twenge and et.al., (2010) has explained that the
consequences of low employee morale includes higher absenteeism, less productivity and poor
job performance (Twenge and et.al., 2010). This directly affected the capability of organizations
to serve their customers in effective manner. Situations where employee receives various kind of
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rewards, act as driving force for employees and always encouraged them to give their best
towards the success of business enterprise. On the other side of this, Cummings, and Worley,
(2014) has argued that it is not necessary that rewards always results in motivating workers to
deliver better performance (Cummings and Worley, 2014). Reward system which are not fair
and transparent results in creating dissatisfaction among workers. Thus, it is required by
organizations to make sure that they do not encourage any kind of partiality at the time of
providing rewards to their employees (Griffin, 2013). Companies needs to be fair and are also
required to developed effective monitoring process to evaluate performance of staff members.
Further, rewards should be provided on the basis of the performance which has been delivered by
the employee (Scott, and Davis, 2015). Thus, it can be stated that there are various benefits
which organizations has by using reward system. It increases the productivity, enhance
attendance, lower down rate of employees and it directly enhances motivation level of people
within organization.
1.4 Produce a research project specification
The present will focus on identification of the impact of reward systems on motivation of
employees. Further, Marks & Spencer has been selected as the organization which the researcher
is going to investigate. It can be stated that in order to carry out the research in appropriate
format project specifications are developed and mentioned below as: Title of the study – To assess the impact of reward system on employee motivation Introduction – The present study will explore different areas which are directly linked
with employee motivation and system of reward which are used by organizations. The
growing use of reward system has helped my businesses to gain competitive advantage
among other market players by serving customers with more satisfactory products and
services. On the other side of this, motivate employee helps businesses to accomplish
their goals and objectives in desired manner. Therefore, the present study will explore the
fact that what kind of impact does reward system have on motivational level of people in
the organization. Research aims and objectives – The purpose behind development of objectives and aim
of research is to provide adequate direction to research regrading the fact that how study
can be carried out in the best possible manner. The aim of present research is to assess the
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impact of reward system on motivation of employee. Further its objectives includes
determining significance of reward system in organization, identifying relationship
between employee motivational and reward system and determining effective strategies
thorough which motivational level of people in the organization can enhance. Literature review – The literature review plays very important role in success of study
and accomplishment of its aim. It can be stated that this section explores the views and
opinions of other researchers and scholars on the topic which is under investigation. It
supports researcher in becoming aware about the work of others and enhance overall
knowledge. Research methodology – This section highlights different techniques and tools which are
being employed by scholars to carry out the study. Further, it can be stated that the
researcher has used inductive approach for the present study. In term of philosophy,
interpretivism research philosophy is used and qualitative technique of data analysis is
employed by the scholar. The use of right tools and techniques helps in carrying out
research in appropriate manner and obtain suitable findings. Findings and analysis – This section includes the findings and analysis of the
information which has been collected from various primary and secondary sources.
Findings are presented with the help of various graphs and tables. On the other hand,
thematic method is used to carry out the analysis of collected information.
 Conclusions and recommendations – It is termed as the last section of research which
highlights the information which has been presented and analyzed by the researcher.
Along with this, some recommendations are provided to Marks & Spencer on the basis of
conclusion.
1.5 Produce plan and procedure for subsequent research
ACTIVITY/WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
 Identification of research
topic
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 Topic is selected after
discussing with tutor,
 Determining the rationale
behind the study and
significance are defined.
 literature review is
conducted to collect
secondary data related to
topic,
 Determining objectives and
aim of the study
 For collecting primary data,
researcher approachers to
managers of Marks &
Spencer
 Selection of research
approach
 Research methodology
used in the study defined
properly.
 Questionnaires related to
impact of reward system on
employee motivation is
developed
 With the help of survey and
questionnaire methods,
information from
respondents collected.
 Arrangement of gathered
information in a
chronological order.
 Thematic analysis
technique is applied to the
present outcomes.
 Interpretation of collecting
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data and findings of
research in systematic
manner.
 At the end,
recommendations and
suggestions for further
study are provided.
 Presentation is developed
to present the findings.
 Submission of the report
Hypothesise- It can be defined as a statement which has been formulated by a scholar with an
order to attain suitable outcome by carrying out experiment or research. For the present study, th
hypothesis will be to determine impact of reward system and motivation. In order to carry out
this study, researcher will be required obtain in-depth knowledge about the concept, significance
and different from of reward system. The aim and objective of research are mentioned below as:
Aim “ To assess the impact of reward system on employee motivation”
Objectives
 To determining significance of reward system in organization,
 To identifying relationship between employee motivational and reward system
 To determining effective strategies thorough which motivational level of people in the
organization can enhance
Along with this, resources such as technological, financial and human will be also
requited to conduct this particular study. The analysis of data will be done with help of Execl and
it can be expressed that entire research is going to be reliable and valid. Only authentic sources
will be used to collect information and no manipulation of data will be done. As per the provided
case, the control variable will be sample size and sample selected for carrying out this study.
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TASK 2
2.1 Matching resources effectively to frame the research questions
In order to carry out the present study, different type of resources were required by the
researcher. This includes resources such as human, technology and finance which were needed to
carry out study in the best possible manner. To accomplish the aim and objective of this research,
different primary and secondary sources of information are used. In addition to this, primary data
has been collected by well structured questioner which is developed on the basis of research aim
and objectives. Along with this, different secondary sources such as books, online sources and
journals are also taken into consideration to gather useful information. All the information is
collected to assess the impact of reward system on motivation of employees. The questionnaire is
mentioned below as:
1. Name
2. Gender
 Male
 Female
3.Do you think rewards system has become very important for organizations?
 Yes
 No
4. Marks & Spencer provides employee with rewards against their outstanding performance?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
5. Organizations are required to provide both monetary and non monetary rewards to
employees?
 Yes
 No
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6. What are the financial rewards which are provided by Marks & Spencer?
 Basic wages
 Pay related to performance
 Promotion
 Bonus
 Pension plan
 Discount to staff
 All the above
7. What are the non-monetary rewards which Marks & Spencer provides to its employees?
 Incentives in terms of half day or time off?
 Perks
 Gifts
 Training and development
 Roles and responsibilities
 Flexible working hours
 Recognition and acknowledgement of employee
 Challenging activities
 All the above
8. How motivation level of employee is measured in Marks & Spencer?
 By the volume of work produce by employees
 Employee s work quality and standard
 Time invested in doing task
 Concentration level of employees
9. In your opinion different type of rewards affects the motivation level of workers?
 Yes
 Somewhat
 No
10. Fair and transparent reward system act as driving force and encourages employee to give
their best?
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 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
2.2 Undertake the proposed research investigation in accordance with the agreed specification
and procedures
The main aim behind carrying out this study is to assess the impact of reward system on
motivational level of employees. Further, there are different type of research design which can be
used by researchers to carry out their respective studies (Clark and Creswell, 2011). This
includes designs such as experimental, case study, exploratory, casual etc. For the current study,
descriptive design of research has been employed by the scholar. The rationale behind this is to
describe different element which are linked with organizations reward system and employee
motivation. The researcher has also taken care of the fact that validity and reliability of research
is maintained the best possible manner. The data has been collected only from authentic sources
and primary data is gathered personally by the researcher. In the present study, information was
presented in non- numerical form and therefore qualitative technique of data analysis is used by
the scholar (Petty, Thomson and Stew, 2012). The selected technique of data analysis has
benefited the research in carrying out in depth analysis of the topic under investigation. On the
other hand, interpretivism and positivism are the two common form of research philosophies
which are used to carry out a particular study (Zhang, 2013). In the present, interpretivism
research philosophy is employed by the research. The rationale behind using interpretivism
philosophies is that it entirely relies on reality of research and thus was more suitable for this
research. Other than this, it can be stated that inductive and deductive are the two main
approaches which are used to conduct a study. Further, in order to assess the impact of reward
system on employee motivation, inductive approach has been used. The reason behind using this
philosophy is that more generalized data related to the topic under investigation was required to
effectively carrying out the present study.
Purpose of the research
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 Who: The researcher has personally carried out the study in order to assess the impact of
reward system on employee motivation. The respondents were managers of Marks &
Spencer from which primary data is collected
 How: In order to carry out the present research, survey method of qualitative research
technique is used. The information is collected by using questionnaire developed on basis
of research aim and objectives.
 Why: The reason behind carrying out this study was to assess the impact of reward
system on employee motivation
 Where- It can be stated that the entire study is carried out in UK and manages of different
Marks & Spence stores were taken into consideration.
2.3 Recording and collating the related data
Collection of data
It can be stated that there are various sources from which researcher can use be used to
gather information for topic under investigation. Primary and secondary are the two common
sources which are used to collect data (Chilisa, 2011). Further, it can be stated that primary
information is a kind of raw data which has been collected for the first time. Such kind of data is
collected personally by the researcher in order to obtain suitable findings. Interview, observation,
case study, life history and questionnaire are some methods using which primary data for a
particular topic can be collected (Coleman and Ringrose, 2013). The researcher has collected
primary data of Marks & Spencer with the help of a well structured questionnaire designed on
the basis of research aim and objectives. The ease in this process was that the researcher was able
to collect data according to his needs and requisitioner. However, the major difficulty which was
faced in primary data collection was that during initial stage, the respondents disagreed to
provide their views. This difficulty was overcome by explaining purpose of study and
communicating them that the information provided will be destroyed after use. On the other
hand, secondary sources provides information which is already collected by other researches and
scholars. Therefore, the information collected by secondary sources is termed as second hand
information and is considered as old and less reliable. The secondary data was collected by using
different books, journals and online sources. The ease here was that the researcher was able to
gather adequate information regrading reward system and motivating. On the other side of this,
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the difficulty faced was that the scholar was not able to find the latest information on how reward
system and motivation affect employees in retail sector.
Sampling
In terms of sampling, it can be stated that purposive sampling technique which is a part of
non-probabilistic sampling method is employed by the research (Nickoson and Sheridan, 2012).
The reason behind using the above sampling technique is that the researcher has approached
different managers of Marks & Spencer with a purpose of getting information about the impact
of reward system on employee motivation. The sample size of this research was 20 managers.
Ethical considerations
At the time of carrying out the present study, all ethical considerations are well taken care
of by the researcher. Furthermore, prior permission was taken from all respondents before
approaching them. On the other hand, the information which is gathered by using different
sources has been secured in the best possible manner. There is no partiality done by the
researcher at the time of collecting data and carrying out analysis of the same. The scholar will
also make sure that the data is completely destroyed after using it.
Research limitations
In terms of limitations, it can be argued that time and resources are the two major
limitations which the researcher has faced at the time of carrying out the present study. This has
affected the effectiveness of the present study. Due to lack of time and funds, the scholar has not
been able to collected adequate data. Another limitation is related to uncontrollable variable
which are the impact which motivation and rewards system can have on performance of
employees and organizations. At the time of carrying out the process of data analysis the
researcher was required to use specialist software which is another limitations of the current
study.
TASK 3
3.1 Effective use of appropriate research evaluation technique
In term of carrying out the evaluation of research, qualitative and quantitative are the two
common techniques which are used by researcher. According to the nature of present study,
qualitative technique is used to carry out the evaluation of the information collected from
different sources. It can be also stated that in order to reach the target sample and gather primary
14

information, the scholar has adopted survey method. Further, the survey is conducted on 20
managers of Marks & Spencer. The sampling method which is used for present study is non-
probabilistic sampling and the technique is purposive sampling.
3.2 Interpreting and analysing the results
The information collected from different sources is interpreted and analysed below as:
Theme 1: Reward system is very important for organizations
Do you think rewards system
has become very important
for organizations
Number of respondents Percentage
Yes 15 75
No 5 25
Interpretation and analysis: From the information collected by primary sources, it has been
interpreted that nowadays reward system has become very important for organization. Further,
out of the total 20 respondents, majority which is 75% were in the favour of above mentioned
statement. On the other hand, 25% of total respondents were not in the favour of the same.
15
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Do you think rewards system has become very important for organizations
Number of respondents

The data collected from various primary and secondary sources, it has been analysed that the use
of reward system creates a sense of satisfaction among employees. Majority of respondents
explained that the use of reward system assist businesses to lower down rate of employee
turnover. The same results have been analysed from secondary sources that the use of reward
system results in productivity, enhance attendance, lower down rate of employees.
Theme: 2 Marks & Spencer provides rewards to employee against their performance
Marks & Spencer provides
employee with rewards
against their outstanding
performance
Number of respondents Percentage
Strongly agree 9 45
Agree 4 20
Neutral 2 10
Disagree 3 15
Strongly disagree 2 10
Interpretation and analysis: The results of primary data collected highlights that when
employee perform outstanding, Marks & Spencer provides various rewards to them. Out of the
total 20 respondents, 45% strongly agree and 20% agree with the same. 10% were neutral, 15%
16

disagree and 10% strongly agree with the above mentioned fact. The same results have been
analysed from the secondary data that nowadays business have started providing rewards to
employees against their performance. This act as driving force and encourages employee to give
their best.
Theme: 3 Organizations are required to provide both monetary and non monetary rewards to
employees
Organizations are required
to provide both monetary
and non monetary rewards
to employees
Number of respondents Percentage
Yes 17 85
No 3 15
Interpretation and analysis: From the information collected, it has been found that it is
required by organization to provide both monetary and non-monetary rewards to their
employees. Out of the total 20 respondents, 85% agree with the fact whereas 25 disagree with the
same. It has been analysed from primary and secondary sources that rather than focusing only on
monetary rewards, organizations are also required to provide non-monetary rewards to their staff
members.
17

Theme 4: Marks & Spencer provides various types of non-monetary rewards to its employees
What are the non-monetary
rewards which Marks &
Spencer provides to its
employees
Number of respondents Percentage
Incentives in terms of half day
or time off
3 15
Perks 1 5
Gifts 1 5
Training and development 1 5
Roles and responsibilities 3 15
Flexible working hours 2 10
Recognition and
acknowledgement of employee
1 5
Challenging activities 1 5
All the above 7 35
Interpretation and analysis: It has been found that there are various types of non-monetary
rewards which are provided by the organization to all its employees. Out of the total 20
respondents, majority which is 35% were in favour of all the above. However, the remaining
18

respondent were having their different opinions. Thus, it can be analysed that non-monetary
rewards such as training and development, challenges task at workplace, gifts and perks are
provided by business to employees.
Theme 5: Motivational level is measured by determining concentration level of employee
How motivation level of
employee is measured in
Marks & Spencer
Number of respondents Percentage
By the volume of work
produce by employees
5 25
Employee s work quality and
standard
2 10
Time invested in doing task 1 5
Concentration level of
employees
12 60
Interpretation and analysis:From the information collected, it has been found by the researcher
that in order to identify motivational level of employees, their concentration level is taken into
19
By the volume of work produce by employees
Time invested in doing task
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
How motivation level of employee is measured in Marks & Spencer
Number of respondents

consideration by Marks & Spencer. From the total 20 respondents, majority which is 60% agree
with the above mentioned statement. 10% respondent gave preference to quality of work done
by employee whereas 25% stated that the volume of work produce is consider to examine
employee motivational level. The remaining 5% of the total respondents favoured time taken by
workers to carry out a particular task. It is analysed that in order to understand the fact that how
motivated a worker is, his/her concentration level becomes one of the most important parameter
for judgement.
Theme: 6 Motivation level of employee is affected by reward system
In your opinion different
type of rewards affects the
motivation level of workers
Number of respondents Percentage
Yes 18 90
Somewhat 2 10
Interpretation and analysis: It has been interpreted that the use of reward system directly
affects the motivational level of staff members. From the total 20 respondents, majority which is
20

90% agree with the fact whereas 10% were not in favour of the same. It has been analysed from
the primary and secondary data collected that reward system act as driving force and encourages
employee to do their best. Workers also starts perceiving the fact that better performance will
result in better rewards. This always helps employees to stay motivated and give better
outcomes.
Theme 7: Fair and transparent reward system act as driving force and encourages employee to
give their best
Fair and transparent reward
system act as driving force
and encourages employee to
give their best
Number of respondents Percentage
Strongly agree 13 65
Agree 2 10
Neutral 1 5
Disagree 2 10
Strongly disagree 2 10
21

Interpretation and analysis: From the information collected, it has been interpreted that fair
and transparent reward system is very important in order to keep the employee motivated. Out
of the total 20 respondents, majority which 65% strongly agree with the above mentioned
statement and 10% agree with the same. It has been interpreted that 5% of respondents were
neutral, 10% disagreed and the remaining 10% strongly disagreed with the same. From the data
collected with different primary and secondary sources it has been analysed that in order to
motivate employee, organizations are required to use reward system which are completely fair
and transparent. Furthermore, partial reward systems creates dissatisfaction among employee
instead of motivating them to give their best towards the success of organization.
3.3 Making recommendations and justifying the areas for further considerations
From the above study, it has been concluded that reward system has direct and positive
impact on the motivational level of employees. It can be stated that nowadays businesses are
using variety of monetary and non-monetary rewards in order to encourage customers to give
their best. It has been observed by the researcher that rather than focusing only on providing
monetary rewards, organizations need to seek for providing non-monetary reward to their
employee. Further, not every employee in business enterprise strives for getting financial
benefits against their performance. Some workers want that their efforts should be reconsigned
and appreciated in front of other staff members. On the other hand, some workers seeks for
getting higher roles and responsibilities, flexible working hours, training programs against their
performance. Therefore, it is required by management to make sure that monetary and non-
monetary rewards are offered to employee at regular interval. There are several benefits of
providing such rewards to their workers. One of the major among those is that it enhances the
morale and motivational level of employee. This results in delivering more effective and
satisfactory products and services to customers which directly benefits companies in the long
run. Some recommendations to Marks & Spencer to improve motivational level of employee are
mentioned below as:
 It can be recommended that the organization needs to focus on training and development
of employees. This will help employees to learn new things and enhance their skills set.
Training at regular intervals will also result in enhancing the overall productivity of
employees and thus will support them in staying motivated.
22

 It can be also recommended that Marks & Spencer needs to make sure that no partiality is
done at the time of reward to their employee. This will help in creating sense of
satisfaction among all staff members and it is also going to support them in delivering
better products and services to customers.
 Another recommendation which is provided to Marks & Spence is that its reward system
needs to be visible so that employee can see the rewards which they will be getting
against higher performance. This will result in motivating employee to deliver higher
level of performance for the success of organization.
 It can be also recommended that reward system in Marks & Spencer is required to be
flexible so that changes in the same can be made easily. The organizations should
conduct employee survey at regular intervals to become aware about the fact that whether
the reward system is satisfactory or not. In case of any changes required, the brand can
make any kind of modifications in the same.
TASK 4
4.1 Presentation of research
After carrying out the study on impact of reward system on employee motivation, the
researcher has developed a PowerPoint presentation to depict the findings of study.
23

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94.
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Cummings, T. and Worley, C., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning.
Griffin, R., 2013. Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning.
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