Understanding and Leading Change

This document discusses the concept of understanding and leading change in organizations. It covers topics such as the impact of change on organizational strategy and operations, drivers of change, measures to minimize negative impacts, and more. The document provides case studies and comparisons between different organizations, as well as an evaluation of internal and external drivers of change and their effects on leadership, team, and individual behavior. It also explores measures that can be taken to minimize negative impacts of change on organizational behavior. The document is relevant for students studying subjects related to organizational behavior, leadership, and change management.

Understanding and Leading
Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................3
LO1..............................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Compare different organizational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organization’s strategy and operations...................................................................................................3
LO2..............................................................................................................................................................5
P2 Internal and External drivers of change affect leadership, team and individual behavior within an
organization.............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimize negative impacts of change on organizational
behavior...................................................................................................................................................7
LO3............................................................................................................................................................10
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine and how influence leadership decision –
making...................................................................................................................................................10
LO4............................................................................................................................................................11
P5 Different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organizational context........11
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Understanding and leading change refers to a preparation for the group of peoples to meet
the problems that was generating at the time of implementing and initiating the change within the
organization. At the time of implementing change employees analyze the change processes and
the political, psychological and companies problems that face and generate at the time of
adopting change within the organization. Organization change defines an activity of declining,
Growth and transformation within the firm. The project considers the two firms first is Rent-A-
Car and second is The Jessop Group Limited in which manager can think to adopts change. This
report is based on the change impact on a company strategy and their operations. After that
analyzing the drivers of change in an internal and external way that affects the leadership, team
and individual performance and behavior. Therefore, this project report also studied the barriers
to change that influence leadership and decision –making. At last apply a leadership approaches
to take an initiative to apply a change. This would help in enhancing the profits and sales in the
company(Espedal, 2017).
LO1
P1 Compare different organizational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organization’s strategy and operations
Drivers to change
It refers to internal and external pressures that encourage and shape to implement the
change in the organization. And this is important at this time to adopts the change by using these
two medium that was present in the business nature. It is essential for the rent-a car company to
indentify the change that encourages the decision making and strategies and longer sustainability
in the competitive market. These drivers of change generate a large impact on the overall
operations, functions and activities of the enterprise(Nelson‐Brantley and Ford, 2017).
Case studies
 Rent- A – Car - It is one of the leading company that was proposed by the Jack Taylor
since, 1957. In today’s business environment change is very important as to stay in the

market with the customer satisfaction. To meet the market demands they always stay in
the heart of their customers as long life.
 Jessop Group Limited - It is based on UK ‘s premier photographic retailer operating
firm that was developed by Jessops since 1935. As per the demand of today’s global
business environment adopting a changes is very essential to stay in the competitive
market and earns a higher revenues and growth in the business.
Drivers for change in an organization
 Customers- It is the first driver for change, in this implement and adopts change as per
the need and demand of the user(Coghlan and Shani, 2015). An organization can
develop new and innovative products to for the peoples. In Both the companies Rent-A-
Car and Jessop Group both need to adopts change according to the satisfaction of the
customers to sustain in the market.
 Competitors - They are the most prominent term to adopts and implement the change in
the enterprise. In Rent-A-Car and Jessops to increase the sustainability and customer
loyalty it is very necessary to beat the competitors in the present market. For this
managers of both the company can bring the change in their strategies to stay in the
competition for long period.
 Technology – In today’s business environment uses and adoption of advanced and new
technology is very essential. For attracting and retaining the customers and for longer
survival of firm like Rent-A-Car and Jessops it is significant to change their operating
and production functions in the organization.
 Globalization – It refers to a combination and interaction among peoples, enterprises and
the government all over the world. In both the companies like Rent-A-Car and Jessop
Group, it opens the doors to earns more revenues and attract large number of customers
for this they need to amend the change approach for stay in the global market(Mackey
and et. al., 2015).

In this Rent-A-Car accepts and do a change on an emergent basis that is required by the business
environment for sustain in the competitive market. To meet the market demand they need to
change their and place their image in the customer heart in an attractive way.
In Jessop group Limited they accept the change by making proper planning. In this the manager
of a company can analyse the whole market and its situation and then develops the ideas and
make a proper plans to match the changing environment and stimulate demands.
Comparison between Rent-A-Car and Jessop Group Limited
Basis Rent-A-Car Jessop Group Limited
Customers In this company can offers a
interns and career prospects
from apprenticeships to grow
their opportunities and
focusing on recruiting new
talent who has full knowledge
of market.
In this manager of a company
can use modern way for photo
graphics and more investment
in R&D to implement the
change.
Technology Rent-A-Car make a strong
image for this they need to
take benefit from adopting the
better technology and serves
better to their customer. They
need to invest more and
acquire the other company.
In Jessops the implement
change in responding the
solution the solutions in use of
new technologies and
spending more on it.
Globalization Rent-A-Car is extending their
market for this they need to
take all the benefits of
internationalization(NHS
England, 2016).
Jessop Group has do their
online business and cover
large area to this they take the
benefits of globalization
Competitors They need to adopts the
strategy of acquiring other
firm to make a strong
competition in the market.
Here, Jessop Group can
analyzing their competitor’s
products and according to that
develop their strategies by
implementing the change.

LO2
P2 Internal and External drivers of change affect leadership, team and individual behavior within
an organization
An evaluation is very essential for an organization and it can be dome in two forms such
as on internal basis or external basis that helps in drives the changes in enterprise Rent-a-car are
mentioned below.
Internal drivers for change evaluation
 Employee morale- It is an essential factor of drivers for change internally because
behavior helps in smooth decision making for the firm. in context of Rent-A-Car, they
acquire another firm because of this employees resistance can be affected or this process
of implementing change can be applied(Maccoby, 2015).
 Organizational culture – It is the important term to evaluate the internal drivers of
change that will affect the overall performance of the company. In context of enterprise
Rent-A- Car, culture is defines as a DNA of a business and helps in taking the decisions
and solve the problems related to an organization. To make a healthy culture they invest
more time and energy because of acquiring Burnt tree, manager face a challenge to
manage the two different culture and from this follow the best which affect the
employees performance in a good sense(Yrjölä and et. al., 2019).
 Financial resources – It is a life blood of any business that will affects the enterprises
decision making. In Rent-A- Car it may create an impact on behavior and decision
making of acquiring the other company named as Burnt tree who also deals in vehicle
industry.
 Technologies – It is an internal driver factor that affects the company’s strategy. In Rent-
A-Car it creates a impact on a manager or a leader and an employee’s resist within the
enterprises after implementing the change.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strength Weaknesses
 Allocation and reach – the main  Research and development- The

strength of an Enterprise Rent-A-Car is
that it has a number of outlets in many
states , therefore strong network
communication this make sure that the
products are available easily which
produce a large customers in a timely
manner(Lopez and Wise, 2015).
major weakness of the enterprise Rent-
A-Car is that they spend more on
research and development above their
capacity and because of this condition
that spend less on them.
Opportunities Threats
 Internet- It is the best source of
creating an opportunity because peoples
are more addicted to use internet all
over the world. This will helps an
Enterprise Rent-A-Car to expand their
online presence to interact with
customers.
 Suppliers- The major threats of an
Enterprise Rent-A-Car is that there is
small number of suppliers because of
this the bargaining power is strong of
suppliers. This will increases the cost of
production and reduced the profits.
PEST ANALYSIS
 Political factor- This factor affects the profitability and longer survival of an
organization. It shows the political stability of a company. In Enterprise Rent-A-Car, it is
very risky for the customer to invest in because there are no policies for IP protection by
the government for the new entrepreneurs like Rent-A-Car(Sundberg and et. al., 2017).
So its shows the negative impact on the company goodwill because of these investors
also don’t invest their money for expansion of the company. Because of those company
can change their policies and make a IP protection for their products so that investors can
invest their money and it is done on an emergent basis as a business environment
demands.
 Environmental factor – It is an important factor that affects the businesses function and
its operations. Because of current weather condition manage the transportation of product
in Rent-A-Car is very difficult as they will not deliver on time. On the basis of this
change can be implemented. It shows the negative impact on the company sales but when
the weather is clear is very helpful for the clients to deliver their products to one place to
another.
 Social factor – This factor includes the age, population, caste, and region, social and
cultural barriers. In this Rent-A-Car chooses a right market for segments with high

potential growth. in this because of accepting the change in the company they can create
a positive aspects and atmoshwere within the society as they attracts the large base of
customers.
 Technological factor – This factor affects the technology that was used by the company
for enhancing the business activities in the market. In context of Rent-A-Car, they use on-
going technology to stay in the market. For this they could use digital marketing for
online presence according to the demand of the customers and gain the competitive
advantage(Glass and Cook, 2016). By accepting the change of using advanced
technology helps in creating the positive impact as they increase their customer base and
earning more profits. on the same time it will create negative impact as it includes more
cost of using this techniques this will affect the financial resource of the firm.
In Rent-A-Car major changes can be place due to the changing occurs in the external
factors. It is very important to accept the change as per the extrinsic requirements so that they
can helps in sustain the marketplace for a longer time. Because of accepting the change because
of external factor there is a need to do a change in the internal environment so that work can be
done on that change basis so that targets can be achieved on time and in an appropriate manner.
It helps in boosting the employee morale of working and earning a high amount of profits with
large market share. Therefore, by considering the preceding discussion and including the
discussed frameworks, it is determined that both internal and external factors impact an
organization and changes are takes place within the operational activities that are planned and
majorly influenced by the external environment. Along with this, external environment is the one
that has major influence on the running and functioning of business and it is also out of control
from the way of business and internal elements that are controlled and managed by the business
concern and always remain under the control considering the expertise and specialist. Along with
this, it also leads to impact the leadership and individual behavior in an organization and
influences the functioning and running of team by influencing the image of company.
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimize negative impacts of change on
organizational behavior
Today’s business environment is very dynamic in nature and they create both good and
bad impact on the organizational activities. Due to this, manager can focus on reducing the

negative impact and implementing the positive ones in the company. In context of Rent-A-Car,
manager can adopts the system theory and Burke-Litwin theory that helps in ease the use of
processes and rules and eliminating the effect of negative environment. These two models are
explained below.
System theory
This model represents the relation between the parts which connects the whole
organization process as a whole. It is the best source of interacting with the environment. A
manager of a Rent-A-Car is used this theory to arrange all the process in an efficient way. this
can be described below(Baird and Boak, 2016).
 Sub-system- It refers to the part of the bigger group is called sub-systems. This helps in
making the whole organization as a whole and helps in smooth running of functions and
process. In Rent-A-Car, this is a prominent company and have a number of employees in
this making this sub-systems helps in reducing bad and adverse impact of change on the
enterprise by their efficiently working(Pautz and Sadera, 2015).
 Synergy- It refers to a relationship between all the functions in the organization. in
context of Rent-A-Car manager must ensures that all the system and processes are
connected and related to each other and there is coordination present between all of them
to earn high productivity.
 Open and close system- It can be of two types open system represents a large interaction
with the environment as compare to closed system this helps in receiving the raw
material, capital and labour from the environment and sell this to the society. In Rent-A-
Car, manager can use the open system so they positively affect the change and use of
resources and helps in minimizing the change.
 System boundary- It refers to that boundary which is different from the environment. It
can be of two types flexible or stable. If it is stable it affect the change in a negative way
in Rent-A-Car and if this is flexible it positively affects the change and it productivity.
 Flow – It refers to a flow of inputs into the system from the business environment and
helps in transforming the output and supply to the environment. In Rent-A-Car, manager

need to maintained this type of flow and manages very carefully so that it will not affect
the change negatively(Al-Haddad and Kotnour, 2015).
 Feedback- It is an important component of system software where a company needs to
know that the output is expected by the environment or not. In Rent-A-Car manager need
to take feedback so that it will affect the change implementation in a positive way.
Burke- Litwin change model
This model is an important factor model that is helpful in driver for change. Generally
changes can be depends on the environment and it is very important to understand this. For this
Bruke model is very successful and can be explained below(Iles, 2017).
 External environment – This is an important factor to manage the changes in the
enterprises. For this Rent-A-Car manager can take essential and necessary steps like use
of environmental friendly resources to minimize the negative impact of change.
 Mission and strategy- It refers to a vision, mission, goals and strategy of the company
which is taken by manager as per the employees’ point of view. In Rent-A-Car manager
need to set the goals as per the employee view this will help in reducing the negative
impact.
 Leadership – They play an important role as they coordinate and collaborate all the
activities. in Rent-A-Car leader can motivates and coordinates all the team mates so that
they will work very efficiently and it does not affect in a negative way.
 Organizational culture – Culture play an important role in succession of every business.
in this Rent-A-Car may adopts a healthy and friendly culture in their organization. This
will reduce the negative impact of change(Metcalf and Morelli, 2015).
 Working climate- A healthy working environment in a Rent-A-Car business make to
adopts change without any hindrances. If they do not follow a good working climate from
which worker satisfied then it will negatively affect the operations.
 Motivational level- The motivational level of the workers in Rent-A-Car is very high
and it is not affected as the changes occur so it is not negatively impact the changes.

 Structure- It play an significant role as simpler the structure positive implementation of
change in Rent-A-Car if they follow a complex culture then it will impact negatively.
 System- If the system of the Rent-A-Car is not so good than it will negatively affect the
change. For this they maintain the proper system in every department so that it helps in
earning more revenues. And helps in acquiring the enterprise.
 Management practice – In Rent-A-Car there is a need of improvement in the
management practices so it will reduces the negative impact of change.
 Task and skills – There is a need to manage a task and skills of every employee in Rent-
A-Car so that the change can be adopts easily without effect negatively.
 Individual and general performance- This component is consider the quality, customer
satisfaction, efficiency and budget that is core activities of the business. If it is not stable
change cannot be implemented positively(LeMaster, 2017).
By using this two models company Rent-A-Car can minimize the negative impacts on the
behavior of the organizations and helps in earring the high amount of revenues and profits and
also the longer sustainability in the current business environment which is main motto of the
firm. It also helps in ehnaicng the performance of the employee so that they do their best. It also
helps in taking the customer feedback that helps in further changes according to the customers’
demands if needed.
LO3
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine and how influence leadership decision –
making
Barriers of change
 Lack of communication - It is an core barrier of change management where
communication is not done properly. In context of Rent- A-Car there is
miscommunication between the departments because of this they cannot adopts the
change successfully. This factor affect the decision making of the leaders(Zubairu and et.
al., 2018).

 Employee resistance – It is the most common barrier of change management. In this
Rent-A-Car manager can implement change of acquiring other enterprise for this
employees of the company are affected as they leave the organization.
 Cultural barriers – It is the next barrier that was faced by the Rent- A-Car because of
acquiring the other company cultures are different in them and because of this
implementing change cannot follow properly. Because of these barrier leaders decisions
can be affected negatively.
Force field analysis
 Reduced the training time- Acquiring new company helps in reducing the time of
training as they adopts more skills and experience worker because of this Rent-A-Car can
implement and developed the strategies for change. This force helps the manager to take
proper and efficient decision about the change. As per the demand of the employees and a
customers(Struthers, Tilbury and Williams, 2017).
 Boost morale- By using online presence of customers and use of technology helps in
enhancing the production and boost the morale of working by acquiring the firm helps in
enhancing the productivity. It is an important and a strong force that helps in decision
making process of the managers.
LO4
P5 Different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organizational context
There are many types of leadership approaches that can affect and influence change in the
organization. In context of Rent-A-Car, manager can need to identify the suitable leadership
approach so that employees can be adopts change frequently.
 Autocratic leadership approach – It refers to that approach of leadership in which there
is a control of an individual over all the decision making and all the employees can
follow the orders without any choice. In Rent-a-car if manager use this leadership style
than adopting the change is very complex as there is no involvement of the staff members
in the diecison making. At this time if they acquire other enterprise and because of this

changes are occur than there is more employee turnover and they are dissatisfy with their
jobs. Implementing this strategy is not so successful at the time of implementing change
in the company(Fragouli and Ibidapo, 2015).
 Democratic leadership approach- It is also known as the participative and shared type
of leadership approach where every employees have the right to take participate in the
decision making process. This is very successful style at the time of implementing change
in the enterprise Rent-a-car. Because of this every staff member will satisfy with their
work and this helps manager to convince them easily to adopts the change after the
acquiring of an enterprise. For Rent-a- car this leadership approach is very successful.
And helps in enhancing the productively and proficiently in the firm.
Kurt Lewin’s change model
Most of the companies face the issues at the time of implementing change. In context of
Rent-A-Car, manager can adopts a model of Kurt Lewin so the change can be implemented
successfully and decisions can be taken very easily and in an accurate way. it includes 3
components which can be described below.
 Unfreezing – In this manager of a Rent-A-Car can analyzing the attitude, behavior of an
employees and environment of the business. And according to their way of thinking
manager make a plan that will help in convincing the workers to adopt change who
resists it. At this time manager can motivates them by offering them good incentive and
bonus. Bu using this they convince the staff members to adopts change(McGarry, 2015).
 Changing – After the refreezing, in this step every employees ready to adopts change
and because of this manager of Rent-A-Car can move towards to adopts and implement
change in the organization so it will benefited the long run survival.
 Refreezing- It is the last and final step where staff members can adopts the change easily
as per the set guidelines and rules and refreeze it. It helps in making the organization
successful as per the demand of the business environment.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it is to be concluded that adopting change as per the demand of the
business environment is very essential. At the same time they offer various opportunities for
enhancing and extending the firm image. This project explains the impact of change in two
different organizations and its strategy and operations and helps in improving the performance of
work. in this internal and external factor affects the performance and helps in improving the
quality of work by implementing change within the enterprise. Further it explains the barriers
that will affect the change decision and its decision making and how the leadership approach
helps in maintaining the process of change and easily implements the change by applying the
change model.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal
Al-Haddad, S. and Kotnour, T., 2015. Integrating the organizational change literature: a model
for successful change. Journal of organizational change management.
Baird, S. and Boak, G., 2016. Leading change: introducing an electronic medical record system
to a paramedic service. Leadership in Health Services.
Coghlan, D. and Shani, A.B., 2015. Developing the practice of leading change through insider
action research: A dynamic capability perspective. The SAGE handbook of action
research, pp.47-54.
Espedal, B., 2017. Understanding how balancing autonomy and power might occur in leading
organizational change. European Management Journal. 35(2). pp.155-163.
Fragouli, E. and Ibidapo, B., 2015. Leading in crisis: Leading organizational change & business
development. International Journal of Information, Business and Management. 7(3).
p.71.
Glass, C. and Cook, A., 2016. Leading at the top: Understanding women's challenges above the
glass ceiling. The Leadership Quarterly. 27(1). pp.51-63.
Iles, V., 2017. Leading and managing change. ABC of clinical leadership. 24(1). pp.49-87.
LeMaster, C., 2017. Leading Change in Complex Systems: A Paradigm Shift.
Lopez, P. and Wise, D., 2015. Leading Change for the Implementation of Common Core State
Standards in Rural School Districts. Education Leadership Review of Doctoral
Research. 2(1). pp.47-56.
Maccoby, M., 2015. Strategic intelligence: Conceptual tools for leading change. Oxford
University Press, USA.
Mackey, J.K. and et. al., 2015. Leading change with digital technologies in education.
McGarry, A., 2015. Leading change: the ITF women’s maritime leadership programme.
In Maritime women: global leadership (pp. 23-34). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Metcalf, M. and Morelli, C., 2015. 10/9-The Art of Leading Change: Innovative Leaders
Transformation Model. Integral Leadership Review.
Nelson‐Brantley, H.V. and Ford, D.J., 2017. Leading change: a concept analysis. Journal of
advanced nursing. 73(4). pp.834-846.
NHS England, 2016. Leading change, adding value: NHS England's commitments. British
Journal of Healthcare Assistants. 10(10). pp.502-505.

Pautz, S. and Sadera, W., 2015, March. Principal’s experiences in leading change in a 1: 1
environment: A phenomenological pursuit. In Society for Information Technology &
Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 1381-1391). Association for the
Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Struthers, K., Tilbury, C. and Williams, G., 2017. Young People Leading Change in Domestic
Violence Prevention: R4Respect. Children Australia. 42(3). pp.205-216.
Sundberg, K. and et. al., 2017. Power and resistance: leading change in medical
education. Studies in Higher Education. 42(3). pp.445-462.
Yrjölä, M. and et. al., 2019. Leading Change: A Customer Value Framework. Leading Change in
a Complex World: Transdisciplinary Perspectives.
Zubairu, K. and et. al., 2018. A process evaluation of the first year of Leading Change, Adding
Value. British Journal of Nursing. 27(14). pp.817-824.