Understanding and Leading Change

This report discusses the impact of changes on different organizations, evaluates external factors using PEST analysis, and explores the internal drivers of change. It focuses on Tesco and Asda, their organizational structure, leadership styles, and the importance of technology. The report also analyzes the political, economic, social, and technological factors affecting both companies. Overall, it provides insights into understanding and leading change in organizations.

UNDERSTANDING
AND LEADING
CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P 1 Impact of Changes on Different Organization......................................................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P 2 Evaluating The External Factors With PEST Analysis........................................................6
P 3 Solution To Negative Impacts of Change on Organizational Behaviour.............................8
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................11
P 4 Different Barriers Influencing Leadership Decision-making............................................11
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................13
P 5 DIFFERENT LEADERSHIP APPROACHES THAT MADE CHANGES IN TESCO.. .13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Any organization is only growing when they have the right ability to understand their
strengths and weaknesses this will help the organization to understand the need to change their
activities to increase the growth of the company and also compete and attain core competence in
the market. The organization is also not successful even when they have achieved their goals as
there is nothing fixed and the world is changing and the needs and desires of the customers is
also changing with an increasing rate. So the organization also have to change to attract the
customers and also increase the profits. This report is covering the topics which are impacting
the business nature of Tesco and Asda after adopting to various changes in the organization.
Tesco is multinational retail grocery store chain which is operating in more than 12
countries. The company was established in 1919 with a goal of providing grocery to their
customers and with best services which will change the vision of the customers about grocery
stores. The company has over 6800 stores worldwide with a gross revenue of around 63,000
million Euros.
Asda is a multinational supermarket which was established in 1949 in Yorkshire,
England. The company have aimed at achieving the best services in and also innovating their
services and products to attract more customers. The company have a total revenue of around
21,000 million Euros annually and it is operated with more than 600 stores worldwide,
LO 1
P 1 Impact of Changes on Different Organization
Changes TESCO ASDA
Technological Tesco have used the
technology to grow their
profits. The organization have
changes the buying pattern of
the customers by enhancing
the customer feedback by the
Asda is also a retail
supermarket who have
increased its sales by
improvising its marketing and
promotional strategies with the
help of technology. The

use of technology and also by
providing them better self
services which all the
customers liked and are
attracted to it. Tesco have also
increased the sales of its online
grocery stores after they have
adopted the technology and by
improving the services which
provides better services to
their customers with the help
of the latest technological
advancements. The
organization has reduced the
problems by employing
manpower who can monitor all
the errors and resolve them
with the help of cameras and
CCTV in the stores, and they
have also compensated to their
customers who have bought
any product cheaper than the
Tesco's product this gave the
confidence tho their customer
and also built a trust on the
organization. For example,
online store, CCTV camera,
upgraded delivery services
with drones.
organization have analyzed the
importance of adopting the
technology and have also
invested in many digital
advertising of the company to
attract their customers. Asda
has adopted an accounting
systems which enable the
company to check the stock
and also all the data which
they had to wait to be
processed earlier by
accumulating all the stores
data and which can also result
in many errors. (Wilkinson and
Kemmis, 2015)The company
have introduced the self-
service checkout technology
for their customers so that their
customers do no have to stand
in the Que and wait for their
billing now they can easily go
to the system and just tap what
all good they have purchased
and pay for them easily. This
has also attracted many
customers, for example Asda
have also innovated in mobile
payments for online shopping
which will help the company
to increase the transaction flow

much more faster.
Organizational structure Tesco have followed the
hierarchical organizational
structure and also have gained
the success in achieving the
organizational goals. This
organizational structure Is very
easy to use and is very easy to
understand to their employees
hire roles and duties, this also
allow the proper concentration
to the employee as they have
divided the roles into form of
departments as well. (Rossi,
2019)Tesco also face many
problems in this structure as
the communication channel is
this type of structure is isolated
and may lead to
misunderstanding in the
employees and will result in
opting wrong path to complete
their task. Coordination is also
another problem which the
organization faced in this type
of structure as it was very
difficult to coordinate the
employees as they were
directed by their department
heard with different strategy.
Tesco have achieved the
Asda also follows the
hierarchical organizational
structure with the basic culture
which is followed by the
employees' believes and
culture which they inculcate in
the organization to increase the
effectiveness if the
management . This
organizational structure was
not successfully followed as
the employees were acing
many problems like lack of
communication as their
superior manager do no
communicate the proper
information to their
subordinates and also there
was no proper link between all
the departments which make
the coordination ineffective in
the organization. The company
solved this problem by
establishing the healthy work
environment and also increase
the efficiency of the employees
to participate . Asda has
followed the relation of
organizational structure and
culture which made the

objectives and also
successfully expanded the
company with solving all the
problems. For example banks
are uses the same hirachial
strustire so that they can
control the operations
effectivley.
organization achieve its
objectives and also helped in
expanding the company into
many markets.(Rogers, 2016)
for example uses the new
technological hierarchical
system which they can
increase the efficiency of the
organization.
Leadership style Tesco follows the democratic
leadership style which enable
the company to increase the
efficiency of their employees
by motivating them. As Tesco
is oriented on its consumers
and have to increase the
efficiency of the company so
that they can satisfy their
customers. The company also
implement different leadership
styles depending on the task to
get the maximum effectiveness
from their employees and also
increasing the profits of the
company.(Neumann, James
and, 2019) for example George
Washington, Abraham
Lincoln.
Asda follows Autocratic
leadership style in which the
company does no delegate
their authorities to their
subordinates and all the
decisions are made by the top-
level management and the
company does not allow any
other manager to use their
innovative ideas to increase
their efficiency of the company
which will decrease the morale
of the employees and
management and the company
will also not grow as it is
expected to. for example
Adolf Hitler, Genghis khan
were the famous autocratic
leaders.

LO 2
P 2 Evaluating The External Factors With PEST Analysis
PEST analysis is the tool which help any organization to analyze the external
environment of the organization and plan according to those factors which will help the
organization to increase the profits and also help in establishing in the market. (Nelson‐Brantley
and Ford, 2017)
Political Factors of Tesco
As Tesco is operating its business worldwide the company have to analyze the political
factors of the markets in which they are operating as it can impact the course of business and also
decrease the profitability of the company.(Ndaba and Anthony, 2015) Tesco always analyze the
political situation , government policies and always which are related to the nature of the
business and tax policies which will be different in every country. Government in some country
also helped Tesco in establishing their business as the company will provide employment
opportunities to the population.
Economic Factors of Tesco
Tesco have to analyze the economic factors as every market is having different economic
policies and economic stability of the country is also very important. The company always
analyze the inflation rate, market forces of the retail industry which is demand and apply in the
market as the company have to compete with the existing players in the market. Gross Domestic
Product of the country will also determine the net disposable income of the population and their
income earning capacity which will help Tesco in pricing policies to attract their customers. The
company have also focused on lowering the cost of the products to increase the sale in the poor
markets with low per capita income.
Social Factors of Tesco
Tesco have innovated their stores by converting them into volume stores and have
accumulated their stocks in one store which helped the company to increase the sales as the
company have analyzed the behavior of the customers and also have analyzed beliefs culture and
background . The customer who go for grocery shopping in the store will be attracted with many
other products. (Lopez and Wise, 2015)Tesco have also analyzed the growth in the awareness of
healthy food which have helped the company to innovate their services and also use the organic
products.

Technological Factors of Tesco
Tesco have also adopted the technology in their business as they have analyzed the
importance of adopting the technology. As the company have established the online store which
help the company to reach the customers which are not interested in going to purchase the
products. The company have also increased these services with providing home delivery services
to their customers. The company have also introduced the self billing layouts which help the
customer not to stand in the line for much and also made them independent in shopping of their
own.
Swot analysis of Tesco
1. strengths- large customer base which help the company to increase the profits.
2. Weaknesses- the efficiency of the company have dropped after Brexit.
3. Opportunities- the company have the opportunities to collaborate with other companies to
increase the market shares.
4. Threats- due to Brexit it can also convert into recession and decrease the profit margin of
the company. Government laws and policies will also decrease the efficiency of the
company.
Political Factors of Asda
Asda have analyzed the importance of determining the political factors to support the
business activities with evaluating the employee rights related policies which will improve the
employees, the company have also focused on taxation policies or any instability in the
government of the country as it can create losses to the investment made by Asda.(Jonesand
Mair, 2016)
Economic Factors
Asda have always analyzed the competitors strategies and have also determined the
salary trend of the employee, so they can always retain their employees with better job
satisfaction. The company have also analyzed the market demand and supply of the new market
before establishing so that they can make their strategy according to it. Electricity prices ,
competition in the market, employment rates in the market are the factors which Asda has
analyses.

Social Factors
The company have also analyzed the behavior the population in different age group and
also when they are influenced by the celebrity or a famous personality which helped Asda to
create the new products and also helped the company to target their products according the
strategies.
Technological Factors
Asda have also innovated their delivery services with the increase in technology as they
have developed a click and collect express delivery of their products which provide the customer
more satisfaction faster and also increase the customer and company relation by the best services
which will attract newer customers and also increase the sale of Asda.
Swot analysis of ASDA
1. strenghts- it has the effective management system.
2. Weaknesses- the comoany have not launches the stores which provide their products.
And not customer retention is applied.
3. Opportunities- online site will increase the sales and attract more customers.
4. Threats- price war with many competitors and increase in the market prices will be threat
for ASDA
Internal drivers of change
Technological capacity
Tesco need to develop their products and services and improve effectiveness of their
organization. Development in technology help them to achieve their goals and objectives
easily and develop their business at a large scale.
Organizational culture
Company need to know their organizational culture so that they are able to develop
their business. Need to know their employees so that they are able to motivate them to
work effectively.
Financial management
Funds are required for overall development of organization. Tesco need to maintain
funds in their organization and use them effectively towards development of organization.
Employee morale

Leaders of Tesco always try to develop morale of their employees by motivating
them providing fair remuneration on work done by them and try to develop and cope up
with new technologies and trends.
Poor delivering
Poor delivering of products and services to customers reduce overall effectiveness of
their products and services. Company need to provide services to their customers on time
and effectively.
Competition
Increase in competition effects overall development of products and services in an
organization and require to develop their business at a large scale. Need to bring
innovation and creativity in working to compete with their competitors.
High wastage
High wastage of resources reduces profitability of Tesco and reduces development
of organization. Company need to reduce wastage to develop their business at a large scale
and need to improve effectiveness of their products and services.
Recommendation
Asda should increase the efficiency of the employees by adopting the Tuckman's theory of team
goals which would make the high performance teams and increase the efficiency of the
company. Whereas Tesco have to make an effective strategy and also adopt the kotter's 8 stage
model so that the company can accept the change of BREXIT and increase the efficiency
accordingly.
Conclusion
The drivers for change will help the organizations to understand the internal functioning and
enable the organization to increase the effectiveness by implementing a better strategies and
models of management. Change in staff, management structure, strategies, policies will impact
the efficiency of the organization. Tesco and Asda had to analyze the changes to make the
effective organization and achieve the organizational objectives.
P 3 Solution To Negative Impacts of Change on Organizational Behaviour
There are many negative impacts which the organization faces when they are adopting
new changes to increase the core competency although the employee and other internal factors

which also negatively impact the origination like the employees faces mental depression and
have lost the energy to change themselves according to the organization, the company also fails
to retain their experienced and potential employees as they are not satisfied with the job
anymore. The productivity of the organization will also be decreased as adopting the new
changes will take time to understand by all the employees and will also agitate their employees
as their like schedule changes due to change in the organization structure and new policies
implemented by the organization. (Ismail, 2017) The organizational may also face many
problems in their success in changes as they may loose their potential workforce which is very
important to increase the productivity of their company. There are some models which will help
the organization to resolve the negative impacts faced by Asda and Tesco.
Kotter's 8 step Change Process
Kotter's 8 step process was followed by Tesco to solve the problem of change in the
organization so that the company can increase their productivity and also help the company to
achieve their objectives and increase the efficiency of the employees.
1. Create sense of importance
This is the first step of reducing the impact on the company for that the company have to
create the situation in current as the company may face it in near future like the company is
actually facing many problems with the change of technology, or any other external factors, the
company have to ask for the solution from the investors, and many other external forces by
explaining them all the factors which will help the company to increase the chance. (Wood,
Wrigley and Coe, 2016)
2. Form Powerful Group
Tesco have analyses the potential of the problem which they are going to face, and they
have to find support and form a group which will include powerful investors, industrialists and
stakeholders of the company.(Ismail, 2017) The company will have to continoulsy communicate
with the group to find the better solution and also increase the awareness by including the
potential company employees from different department sop that they can show the actual
problem the company is facing in detail.
3. Create a vision for change
The company in this step will formulate the strategy by establishing the vision of the
company and then find the solution to the problems In accordance of the vision formulated. The

company also have to motivate the employee and member of the company about the vision
statement formulated by Tesco.
Adopt the vision
After formulation of the vision the company also have to ensure that the group also
connect to the vision and help in supporting the company to solve the issues faced by the
company. When the company makes a proper strategy then the company will involve all the
employees to follow the vision of the company so that they can act on it effectively.
Remove Obstacles
In this step Tesco will amend the changes which is suggested by the group which was
made by the influential individual to improve the activities of the company. (Espedal , 2017) The
company will evaluate the most powerful and important problems which affect the main
activities of the company. The company have to analyze the proper acceptance of the vision by
their employees so that they can increase the efficiency to solve the problems.
Divide the Vision
After the successful acceptance of the vision by the employees the company have to
divide the vision into small task so that the employees do no feel pressurized and can attain the
task goals effectively and also the company have to analyze the right employee who have the
potential to achieve the set task objectives with most efficiency.
Evaluating the change
After Tesco have achieved the small tasks, the management have to analyze the obstacles
faced in completing the task, and they have to plan the best option to achieve the task objectives
faster as it will impact the time of overall change of the company. (Edwards-Groves and et.al.,
2019)
Controlling the change attitude
After Tesco have successfully attained the change the company have to analyze the
impact of change on the life and culture of the company to increase the efficiency of the
employee the management will motivate the employees and also train and develop them to
increase their efficiency. This all can be done by questionnaire, interviews, and also have
interactive sessions for employees, so they can openly give opinions about the changes which
have done in the company.
Lewin's Change Model

Asda have analyzed the factors which have impacted the change in internal environment
and have adopted the Lewin's change model to resolve the problems faced by the company.
(Dudar, Scott and Scott , 2017)
Unfreezing
This is the first stage of the model in which Asda have analyzed the many criticisms
about the change in the company by their employees, so the company have to evaluate the
behavior and reason to why the employees are not ready to accept the new change mage in the
company. It can be due to old traditional mentality of not accepting new changes. Asda have to
tell the importance of the change in the company to their employees and what are the outcomes
of not adopting the modern changes, as one of them Is lack of competitiveness in the market and
that will lead to decline in growth and more employee turnover.
Changing
Asda found this step the most difficult one as the employee have understood the
importance of accepting the change, now the company have to make new strategies and policies
which will help the employees to be part of the change. (Bentham, 2018)The employees will also
learn many new things in this process and the company have to constantly supervise the
employee while the process and also tell them the importance of changing in the organization
which will also help them to increase their efficiency, like after the technology was adopted the
employees were trained to use the computers so that they can increase the efficiency of the
company.
Refreezing
In this step Asda have successfully changed all the employee according to the new
policies and strategies implemented by the company, and the now the company is making the
policies more concrete as there are chances that the employee will go back to their old habits and
the company will have to train them that will cost much. After making the new policies
permanent the company have to supervise the performance of their employees to ensure the
efficiency of and effectiveness which is required by the company.
Force field analysis

Restraining Forces
Tesco have analyzed these factors In the company so that they can determine the
problems which is hindering in the growth of the company.
1. Lack of training of the employees is the major issue which the company have faced and
the employees who are being trained, but they are not interested to accept the new skills also
hinder in the efficiency of the company.
2. Lack of motivation is another issue which have resulted in slow movement of the
company's growth, and they have also decreased their personal growth. The employees who are
not trained properly will not be appreciated, and they will never be rewarded by the company
which will also demotivate them and make them more inefficient in their work and also hinder
the progress of the company.
3. Fear in the employees about not achieving their personal goals and also the
organizational objectives make the employees overthink and also take them into depression and
Illustration 1: Force field analysis diagram

this makes them inefficient in doing their task. The employees who live in the fear of not being
successful or of being failed or not appreciated they create obstacles in the growth of Tesco.
(Arbuckle Jr, Morton and Hobbs, 2015)
Burke and Litwin model
A Causal Model of Organizational Performance and Change, or the Burke & Litwin Model,
suggests linkages that hypothesize how performance is affected by internal and external factors.
It provides a framework to assess organizational and environmental dimensions that are keys to
successful change and it demonstrates how these dimensions should be linked causally to
achieve a change in performance.
LO 3
P 4 Different Barriers Influencing Leadership Decision-making
Force field analysis is the developmental model which help the organization to provide
the better policy formulation by analyzing the internal and external factors of the business nature.
The organization also evaluate the factors which help the organization to support the nature of
the business to grow rapidly and also provide push to achieve their objectives. There are also
some factors which also hinder in the nature of the business. Tesco have adopted this analyzes to
determine the positive and negative factors which will help the company to formulate the
Illustration 2: Burke Litwin Model diagram

policies and strategies accordingly. This model provides a psychological analysis of all the
internal and external factors of the company.
Driving Forces
Tesco have analyzed these factors which is responsible for the growth of company.
1. Increase in Efficiency is one the factor which help the company to grow their company
by achieving their objectives. The efficiency can be attained by motivating the
employees, by giving training to the employees making them efficient in doing their task
which overall increase the efficiency of the company.
2. Customer Demands is also very important aspect which help the company to achieve
the objectives. Tesco is customer oriented and always tries to satisfy their customers with
their products and services and also increasing the quality of their products and services.
3. Organizational structure is the backbone of the company and it helped Tesco to achieve
many objectives effectively as it provide proper chain of authority and there is no
workload on any employee this help the company to increase their morale and also keep
them away from stress. (Geoghegan and et.al., 2016)+
Barriers
1. lack of skills in the leader influence the decision making and also decrease the efficicny
of the organization.
2. Overconfidence of the leader can also decrease the efficiency of making the right
decision as the leader think that they are doing the right thing.
3. Lack of innovative ideas as the leader can also think like every other employees which
will make them less effective strategy.
Tesco have adopted this force field analysis model as it helped the company to analyses
weather the company need to change their policies and strategies in handling their activities or
not. The company have also analyzed the various factors which are pushing the growth upwards
and some are pushing it downwards, if the ration of restraining forces are more than the company
will change their strategies and also try to adopt innovative ideas so that they can increase the
productivity and efficiency of the company, and if the driving forces are more than the
restraining forces then the company do not have to do any major changes, the company will only
change the department strategies to increase the efficiency of the employees.

Critical evaluation
Barriers effects overall working of organization and leaders in an organization and
leaders need to develop proper process and effectiveness to remove those barriers and work for
development of organization at a large scale. Need to develop skills and abilities of employees to
remove barriers from their organization. The company need to increase the efficiency by
analyzing the driving forces so that the organization can increase the efficiency y and discourage
the barriers to grow the company.
LO 4
P 5 DIFFERENT LEADERSHIP APPROACHES THAT MADE CHANGES IN TESCO
The leadership approach used in the Tesco will be the following:
Transformational approach
 In this the company's chief executive officer (CEO) made the strategy to become more
customer focused. The name of the CEO was Terry Leahy. The Leahy was considered as
a visionary leader who focuses only on the needs and demands of the customers. He
made a serious change in the organization by developing the company's work force.
 This leadership was leading in to the development of happy and safe working
environment for the employees of the company. Leahy believed that if the employees of
the Tesco will Be happy, and they are not having any problem in their work place, then
they will automatically bring more output for the company.
 A happy environment always leads in making profits for the organization. According to
him Tesco provided their employees with an interesting job in which they receive
complete work satisfaction. The work provided to the employees should be according to
their interest and specialization. This will create a motivation among to employees to
work hard.
 The another thing was the chances of getting a personal life. In this the employees were
never provided with the heavy work load. This was done so that they can take out time
for their personal life as well. There were many holidays, bonuses and incentives were
provided by the company to its employees so that they can spend them on their family
and relatives.

 The company also took an initiative in which every employee have to give respect to
other employees of the organization. Focusing on the lower staff of the organization such
as sweepers, guards, drivers, cleaning staff etc., all were provided with equal rights and
respect in the organization.
 The another measure taken under transformational leadership is make difference in the
nature of the bosses and mentors who were having employees working under them. The
behaviour of the bosses should be good at their subordinates. (Al-Haddad and Kotnour ,
2015) They should help them whenever they want help from them. Instead of shouting
on them, the bosses should help their subordinates so that they work as a team and can
give maximum output to the organization. The another leadership used in Tesco was the
situational leadership.
 In this the organization, the situational leadership was provided by giving proper
directions to its employees. In this the way of doing the task and works are explained to
the employees. The Tesco provides 3 months training period for its employees in which
they get full support of their mentors who helps them in understanding the work and
doing it in a proper manner.
 The another step taken by Tesco in its structural development is the supporting the
employees at each and every step. In this the employees works in a team and helps each
other in completing the tasks and duties. This creates unity among all the employees of
the Tesco. The last step of this situational leadership is delegating. In this the
involvement of the leader are very less.
 The employees manage the work at their own and if they face any problems then they
contact their mentors. If the problem is not solved by the employees, then the team
leader gets involved in it. Otherwise, the involvement of team leader is avoided.(Wylie
and et.al., 2017)
Democratic Leadership Approach
In this the Tesco was allowing their employees to take part in the decision making of the
business activities and strategies used for maximizing the profit.
Autocratic Leadership Approach
In this the employees were having the power to control the decision making policies and
change the decisions which they do not find beneficial for the development of the organization.

Laissez-faire Leadership Approach
In this the employees have to guide themselves for achieving the goals and missions of
the Tesco. In the employee is responsible for the decision made while completion of any task.
There is no guidance of any senior employee or the team leader.
 Group Theory
The employees were motivated to achieve the desired goals of the oragnization by working in the
group.
 Command
The command given by the team leader were taken as the quick actions by the employees
working in the team.
 Coolness
The leader were reaming cool and patient with the problems occurred in the business and work
efforts of the employees of the organization.
 Judgement

The results made by the leader were according to the data and performances of the employees of
the organization.
 Application / Responsibilities
The goals and task were cleared by the leader to their employee's so that they achieve them with
full efficiencies.
Path Goal Leadership Theory in Tesco
In this the leader was giving clear direction to their employees to complete the task and achieve
the success in the organisation. The path goal theory contains the following:
 Achievement -oriented Leadership
In this the employees have to give high performances. The goals are set by the leader.
 Directive Leadership
In this the employees were provided with specific directions and the expectations whixch are
expected from the employees are cleared.
 Participative Leadership
In this the information regarding the task has been shared to the team members to achieve the
targets of the organization.
Different Leadership Approaches in Tesco

Lewin Change Model in Tesco
 Unfreeze
In this the employees of the organization were motivated to change their working skills and
techniques. The organization wants their employees to use the latest technologies.
 Change
In the employees of the Tesco were provided with new task, opportunities and responsibilities
according to their performance in the organization.
 Refreeze
In this the employees were motivated to accept the changes made in the working organizational
structure and working culture of Tesco.
Critical evaluation
Leadership is required for overall development of products and services in an
organization and company need to reduce effectiveness in abilities of their leaders to develop and
implement changes. Leadership require to improve effectiveness in their products and services
and able to cope up with new changes and requirement in an organization. Leadership also help
to increase the efficiency the organisation as it develops the analyses and ethi9cs of an individual
and make them more effective in performing the task. Developing a leader will also help to
improve the culture and performance of all the employees as the leader have the ability to
effectively influence the employees and increase the efficiency by motivating them to achieve
the organisational objectives and also personal goals.
CONCLUSION
In this report there was a detailed information about how different business environment
impact the organization differently. The organization which is adopting to change is not always
the successful organization as they also have to tackle with the circumstances which occurs after
the change is adopted in the organization. This report had also shown a brief differentiation
between different changes adopted by Tesco and Asda and what were the impacts which they
faced. The company have also adopted many models and method to overcome the obstacles and
increase the efficiency. The internal and external analysis is also conducted by the organization

to evaluate the problems and also some opportunities which can increase the profitability of the
organizations. Using of new strategies and innovation is also very useful in these cases.

REFERENCES
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Geoghegan, H and et.al., 2016. Understanding motivations for citizen science. Final report on
behalf of UKEOF, University of Reading, Stockholm Environment Institute (University
of York) and University of the West of England.
Bentham J., 2018. Business and Economics in the News–Sainsbury's and Asda-the decade's
mega-merger. Teaching Business & Economics. 22(3). pp.11-12.
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