Leading Change in Various Contexts

This assignment requires you to analyze scholarly articles on the topic of 'leading change' across different fields. It explores how leaders navigate change in contexts such as education, sustainability, and organizational development. The provided list of references includes a mix of articles discussing theoretical frameworks, practical applications, challenges, and successful examples of leading change.

UNDERSTANDIGN AND
LEADING CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Comparison between two organisations with impact of change on an organisational
strategy and operations................................................................................................................1
M1 Drivers of change and types of organizational change and its affects..................................3
D1 Recommendations on effective planning and its application.................................................3
M2 Theories and models used by organization to respond towards change................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Ways through internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and Individual
Behaviour.....................................................................................................................................4
P3 Measures taken for minimizing negative impact of change on company behaviour.............8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Barriers of change and its influence on decisional process....................................................9
M3 Force field analysis and its influence on decision making process.....................................11
D2 Critical evaluation of force field analysis............................................................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P5 Approaches of leadership while managing change..............................................................11
M4 Leadership approaches for delivering organizational change.............................................13
D3 Effectiveness of leadership approaches and models of change management......................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Business environment is variable in nature and showcases changes according to time. So, it
is a duty of organisation’s manager that he/she takes care about all changes and launch
modification according to these revulsions. It is required from managerial personnel that all
alterations should be understood by him/her so that all activities could take place in an
appropriate manner (Tang, Lu and Hallinger, 2014) . This report is based upon Imperial Hotel
that is providing their services approximately since 100 years in United Kingdom. If changes are
properly adopted than company will be able in accepting all future challenges. This type of
action is able in meet all proficiency level.
TASK 1
P1 Comparison between two organisations with impact of change on an organisational strategy
and operations
Organisation shows alterations in their actions like framed strategies, manufacturing
processes, operational activities of corporation. These revulsions have their impact on working
style of corporation in positive or negative manner. Main reason behind acceptance of alterations
are to enhance efficiency of enterprise. Organisational changes are those that are seen in
production process and structure of management process. This action further helps in getting
advantage from competitors in marketplace. Revulsions are responsible for various outcomes
that are coming in association.
There are several type of changes that are recognised which associated with people,
strategy technology, policies, working style etc. all changes that occur in external environment
have to be comprehended for achieving all targets and goals. To predict future results and
outcomes all variations should be planned so that future activities could be frame in a proper
manner and this type of action is fruitful in capturing lager market share in industry. Entire
modifications could be applied in corporation through an adequate model so that all variation
could bring positive result in company (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015) .
Imperial hotel is a large organisation that is possessing its business activities in UK and reason
behind their success and their growth is that management of hotel is good in accepting and
employing changes in organisation. Risks that are related to adopting permutations are high in
large scale corporations. There are basic differentiations between Imperial and Radisson Hotel
which are stated as beneath:
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Basic Imperial Hotel Radisson Hotel
Changes in
External
Factors
This organisation is quite good in
accepting changes when alterations
are raised in government policies and
customer preferences. They also use
situational appropriate leadership
style which help them in making
strategics according to situations.
This fir is adopting Transactional
leadership style in which they
reward and punish there employees
to motivate them due to which they
adopt any external factor change
after some time duration.
Structural
Changes
This type of change is seen structure
of business entity and this variation
can be adopted by introducing all
changes in working pattern and
management style of association.
This organization is using flat
structure due to which they able to
take decision on quick basis and in
effective manner.
Less structural changes are noticed
in this corporate entity, as they are
already up to date by their
management style. Respective hotel
is also adopting flat structure which
help them in reducing production
cost.
Emerging
Technologies
Changes differ according to need of
technologies and this hotel is
providing their customers best
quality services by installing latest
and novel technologies. For adopting
new and innovative technology
respective hotel conduct research and
if respective technology is
appropriate they adopt it. This will
also help them in developing there
productivity and profitability.
This hotel accepts all technologies
and install them by considering all
factors that are linked with adoption
of technologies. Respective hotel
adopt new technology with finding
that particular technology is
appropriate for them or not. Due to
which sometime they face
reduction of profit and customers
base.
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Every manager of corporation should be capable in formulating adequate strategies so that they
could be able in converting all negative situations and conditions in positive circumstances
(Pieterse, Caniëls and Homan, 2012) .
Strategy: Changes that occur in external and inter environment are having their impact in
working pattern of association either in negative or positive manner and it is a responsibility of
manager that he/she could comprehend all these revulsions in their organisations. This type of
action is helpful in formulating appropriate strategy so that all operations of business could be
arranged in most efficient way. Adequately framed strategies are good in motivating employees
to conduct all their operations in most profitable manner by providing them accurate direction in
which they are able in understanding that further actions are coming in their capability area.
Operations: Managers are suppose to improve their operational activities because these
improved operations are responsible for efficient working of Imperial Hotel. This kind of change
is acceptable by installing new, latest and innovative technologies that are able in enhancing
production status of hotel and this action further been seen in higher customer satisfaction. This
type of activity is able in achieving all targets in most satisfactory manner.
Therefore, Imperial hotel should make some improvements in conduction of their
operational activities by installing new and latest tools and technologies so that all positive out
could be bring in hotel. All efficiency increment program help management in facing all changes
in profitable manner so that motivation could be enhanced in staff members and their retention
could be gained by company. All above discuss actions are launched in corporation in time
saving patter by formulating adequate strategy (Benn, Edwards and Williams, 2014).
M1 Drivers of change and types of organizational change and its affects
Imperial hotel is expanded across the international borders for grabbing internal and
external opportunities as their main objective is to establish goodwill at marketplace. At the same
time one thing has been observed that number of factors are identified which enforce
organization towards changes such as; inflation or deflation rate, political norms and so on. Thus,
it has been understood that various types of modification is incurred at workplace due to which
success of an association is also get affected. For example; if there is alteration in legal policies
then imperial hotel needs to change their existing plans or expansion policies as per current
modification.
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D1 Recommendations on effective planning and its application
Changes is a very tough job because employees have to work in a totally different way as
everything is getting changed and requisite to work as per the new policies. Thus, an appropriate
planning is indispensable for company success because it aids in controlling probabilities of
errors. However, managers of selected firm needs to apply several modification at workplace in
order to attain set objectives or targets in a given time frame.
M2 Theories and models used by organization to respond towards change
Number of scholars are coming with distinct frameworks and techniques for managing
changes which is implemented at workplace. For example; Kotter change model is consist of
several distinct methods and procedures which aids managers to act in effective manner by
understanding each or every aspects.
TASK 2
P2 Ways through internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and Individual
Behaviour
Change management is a framework that tells corporation that which tools is necessary for
accepting change and what will be the method that could convert most negative factors in
positive way so that all modifications that are arising in environment could be accept easily. This
action is fruitful in grabbing all market opportunities. It is noticed that all changes and
modifications are having their impact on style of leadership and behaviour of a human being. To
recognise influence of change, it is required from manager of hotel that they should consider all
internal and external drivers of permutations so that positive and profitable returns could be
attained by Imperial Hotel in industry.
Therefore, there are some extrinsic factors that are having their effect on leadership, team
and individual behaviour. These influences are described below:
Customer led Drivers: Customers are end users of any product & services and all items
and facilities are made to satisfy clients by serving those items which are prepared according to
need and preferences of consumers. Before planning any activity and actions, all taste and
preferences should be comprehended so that all targets could be hit through introducing novel
technologies in working pattern. Clients could be present and potential (Feldman, Hart and
Milosevic, 2017).
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Technologies led Drivers: It is important for every firm that it should apply all
technologies in their business operations and this will further help association in bringing various
benefits in organisation. Herewith all actions, association would be able in transforming all
actions in most positive attitude and negative impact could be removed from business actions.
Investors led Drivers: If number of all investors has increased then it is a positive change
for corporation and this type of change is helpful in satisfying new and potential manner in
greatest satisfactory way.
Competitors led Drivers: In present time, numbers of rivals are increasing very quickly.
So, it is requires from managers that they formulate adequate and appropriate strategy so that
nature of competition and competitors as well could get understand in marketplace. To establish
strong footprints in marketplace, it is required from organisation that they should understand all
factors that are associated with competition so that simultaneously various benefits could get
enhanced.
Government led Drivers: If there is any changes and modifications are found in
government laws and legislations then it means organisation need to change their regulations so
that all variation could not impact negatively, working of corporation (Miller and et. al., 2013) .
Permutations in rules and regulations of government have negative and positive effect on ethical
working of Imperial hotel and influence management to behave in ethical way so that smoother
continuation of work could be promoted in organisation. To comprehend this factor in most
suitable manner, manager does PEST analysis.
Above are drivers of change and to understand all effects that are associated with
permutations; there are various tools and technologies which are associated with all revulsions
that provide their help in formulating appropriate strategy so that dealing with them could get
simpler. In respect to this, to manage all extrinsic environmental factors following is PEST
analysis:
Political: It is required from organisation that they should understand all political factors
so that policies could be framed in most adequate manner. This action helps management in
managing all actions in prioritise manner. If there is any alteration in regulatory bodies, any
regulations then it is essential for managerial personal that they make some modifications in their
working pattern to get advantageous from current competitions. All business strategies should be
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altered according to changes that are occurring in extrinsic market of corporation (Krahmann,
2013) .
Economical: If there is any variation in demand and supply of hotel rooms then
maintenance of rooms should be done in that manner in which present customer will pay higher
for current facilities. To retain all employees with association, it is essential for managers that
they should pay an adequate amount to staff member so that employees should not get affected
with other company’s payment structure.
Social: Reason that affects taste, preferences and choices of a person is their culture, trend,
fashion and style of living. There are very rapid changes are seen in life style of a person and all
human being wants to maintain their way of living life. So to arrange all future activities, it is
required from managerial personnel that they should analyse all situations which are linked with
social life of a person.
Technologies: There are various techniques that helps manpower in conduction their daily
routine activities. Up-gradation of in these techniques should be installed in organisation on
regular basis so that all benefits could be achieved by leaders of corporation. Revulsions that are
seen very rapidly are occur in technological sector because this a segment depends upon
innovations and inventions and always working on reducing complexities of working of any
firm.
Along with above external analysis, internal study of strengths and weaknesses of firm
could be analysed so that information could be cater for framing strategies. Best tool that could
be utilise for conducting this analysis is SWOT matrix. It means strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats (Gnan, Hinna and Scarozza, 2013) . Below is elaboration of all four
criteria of TOWS methodology.
Strengths: Imperial hotel is famous in hospitality sector for providing best facilities to their
clients. Company is good in taking care their customers and client as well by maintaining good
quality of their services. This is strength of company that management of Imperial hotel is better
than rivals in keeping better quality facilities.
Weaknesses: Company is less comparative in marketplace in providing better
compensation plan and adequate working pattern to their staff member. Due to this action,
Imperial hotel is on the way of loosing their market share because their workers are leaving on
very quick basis and reason behind this is low retention rate of manpower.
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Opportunities: By improving wages and salary pattern, association can retain their
employee and by taking assistance of this action; management can launch various new facilities
like restaurants and disco, to their clients and this business expansion will further help firm in
gaining their lost market share back in industry.
Threats: Rapidly increasing competition is a big threat for hotel because other hospitality
companies are very efficient in launching their different type of services that could make them
different apart from their rivals.
Burke Litwan model is a tool that administrative department of company utilises in order
to manage internal and external drivers of change in most efficient manner (Jones and Harris,
2014) . This model comprises around twelve factors out of three are described below:
 Input and Output Element: It is essential for superiors that they should consider these
factors so that they could be able in formulating appropriate strategy which would be
eligible in prioritising entire business operations. To conduct all tasks in most efficient
manner then it is required from leaders that they should assess working performance of
staff manner so that need of employee’s training and development program could be
monitored and this action will further helps in acquiring hitting all targets in limited
duration of time.
 Transformational: This pattern is directly linked with top management because it is
required from higher authorities that they should possess effective leadership style as this
action is helpful in handling change without facing any hurdles and barriers in way of
adopting modifications. To attain best results, it is important from managers that they
should set appropriate mission and vision that should be able in directing and guiding of
personnel that they should conduct their managerial and operational activities in most
significant manner. This action is helpful in catering need of employees and clients as
well.
 Transactional Element: Modifications that are arising in regular manner then it means
these revulsions are having large impact on working pattern of corporation (Gonzales and
Pacheco, 2012) . To implement all important changes in functionality of hotel, it is
fundamental for association that manager should inspire their workforce to accept all
variations by open heart so that easiness in working style could bring in company because
this is staff member who are directly associated with conduction of operational activities
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of hotel and are liable for installation of all latest technology in manufacturing process in
order to reduce complications from functionality of hotel in marketplace.
P3 Measures taken for minimizing negative impact of change on company behaviour
Changes is inevitable in nature as well as essential for improving the organization
position by managing things in best manner. Their main motive is to deal with current fluctuation
that might incurred at marketplace in order to control the possibilities of losses. However, every
individual wanted to try something new or distinct which is only possible if an association is
coming with unique ideas for coping with current market. But sometime is not acceptable by
everyone because few people don't want to destroy their comfortable zone. In fact, sometime
organization might go throw negative influence because every individual are having distinct
opinions and viewpoints towards specific terms. Multinational organization might face these
kind of issues while implementing change such as; sometime few people resist to change as they
don't want to try new things by disturbing their current life style. As a result success of an
association get affected in negative manner and might be company failed in attaining their set
objectives or goals in a defined time frame (Wilkinson and et. al., 2013) . Thus, some of the
appropriate steps which needs to taken by company managers for minimizing the negative
impact of change are discussed as follows:-
Creation of pathway:- Interaction is a two way process in which message is passes from
one person to another for assisting them towards corrective direction. Their main objective is to
clear all the doubts and issues in proper manner by guiding subordinates with the help of suitable
tools. Pathway is helping in motivating employees towards their assigned job role and make
them familiar with the changes that is going to incurred at workplace. Major benefit of this factor
is that it supports in minimizing confusion which might create between employees because of
changes.
Explanation about the plans:- At the time of implementing reformation company needs
to design an effective plan or procedure for explaining the hidden elements in order to minimize
the possibilities of mistakes. Basically, company needs to design an appropriate plan for making
understand their staff members because they are liable for managing business activities. As a
result, explaining planning process is automatically aids in creating positive relations with
employees as they feel themselves as a significant part of an organization.
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Utilization of resources:- Proper use of assets are helpful in minimizing wastage of plant
or machinery as well as several other things which might affect the company productivity. In
fact, an enterprise is worrying about their resources that is also getting influenced due to changes
at workplace. For example; workers are seen as most mandatory resource for association and
they are directly affected by changes as sometime promotion of single member create
discriminatory environment because every individual wanted to raise their position. As per this
instance it is identified if selected firm is conducting appraisal session then they need to provide
it to all and properly by considering necessary facts or figures. Hence, negativity of change also
get minimized by caring all the resources of an enterprise (Jonassen and Easter, 2012) .
Proper steps:- Follow suitable phases as per the designed plan so that company get
succeeded in managing possibilities of mistakes or errors. In fact, considering all the necessary
steps of an enterprise is beneficial in guiding others for controlling probabilities of losses through
distinct kind of changes.
Hence, it means implementation of company change is not an easy task due to high range
of complexity because few people are not easily accepting the alteration because of various
factors such as; fear, complexity and so on.
TASK 3
P4 Barriers of change and its influence on decisional process
Managers of an organization is getting influenced by changes as well as each or every
factors that are affecting success of an association. For instance; policies, opinions of employees,
distinct methods, resources and so on. There are number of elements which are identified that act
as a barrier for managers while implementing change at workplace. Along with reformation in
any other factor have a major impact on a company performance as well as decision making
process. Changes enforce enterprise to act as per new styles and policies for controlling
probabilities of mistakes. Some of the major factors which act as a barrier for change are
discussed as follows:-
Resistance to change:- Number of things are identified that act as resistance such as;
employees policies, rejection by staff members and so on. In fact, companies are engaging in
coming with creative ideas for capturing the minds of distinct clients (Sarra, 2011) . Apart from
this, several elements are determined such as; environmental factors, technological, social norms
henceforth. For instance; employees are playing crucial role in managing business activities but
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if they are not well polished then they might face major problem while handling modern
equipments.
Schein's organizational culture model:- This approach is coined by Edgar Schein who
is a management professor. Main objective of this framework is to explain the impact of culture
of an association and leadership. However, judgement process is highly difficult task due to the
involvement of several other factors as well as encountered number of issues such as;
bureaucracy, conflicting situation between employees, micro and macro environmental
components henceforth.
Force field analysis:-
This is the tools which is introduced by Kurt Lewin. It is refers as a graphical tool which
is used for supporting the decision making. This model shows the modification which are in
favour and against the company. The two factors are mentioned below:
Forces for change: These forces want that modification required to be executed within firm as
well as influence the leaders decision- taking in Imperial hotel. So, the favourable forces are: Minimise training time: If consumers and workers can easily adapt changes then firm do
not has to facilitate more training to its employees. It assists manager of Imperial hotel to
minimise training cost and develop them to perform effectively.
 Reduce maintenance cost: Maintenance cost of Imperial hotel decrease as decisions are
in consumers favour. It assists firm to accomplish the requirements of people in effective
manner with less maintenance cost.
Forces against change: There are few forces that are not in the favour of changes in Imperial
hotel are mentioned below: Increase in cost and disruption: Cost can be enhance as to execute changes hotel need to
utilise standard as well as health products which leads to maximise cost of production. In
case Imperial hotel do not apply modification then disruption also rises between rivals
into marketplace.
 Effects on environment: when firm is complying any regulations regarding health and
safety of surroundings but in case it have been change suddenly then manager required to
adapt that modification and take decision as per that. If they are not following the change
laws then it effects the environment which is against the company.
Trait theory:
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Trait theory was introduced by Ralph Stodgill. This theory explains that leaders has
definite innate traits which allow them to lead, traits like adaptability, dependability,
assertiveness and persistence. This is that theory which describes different attributes of a person
in an organisation. trait theory help manager of imperial hotel to know about the different
characteristics of employees so that they will able to make effective decisions in order to
accomplish the organisational objectives.
M3 Force field analysis and its influence on decision making process
This approach is coined by Kurt Lewin who is major contributor of social science,
psychology, social psychology, change management henceforth. Basically, this framework is
identifying the certain circumstances which is driving movement towards objectives as well as
blocking the movement towards the target. This theory is having major impact on managers
decisional process because they need to act as per the situation and requisite to consider some
specific factors for minimizing probabilities of mistakes.
D2 Critical evaluation of force field analysis
The force field analysis is an approach which has been formulated by Kurt Lewin in the
year 1951. This model have been helpful in forming decisions which conform with
organisational environment and circumstances. The various forces which influences on the
pertaining business environment are studied so that suitable decisions are formed. The
understanding of the strength of forces against the change such as cost, employee resistances and
disruption in business were dealt with this approach in an ideal manner. Therefore, it can be said
that use of this analytical model helped in formation of right decisions.
TASK 4
P5 Approaches of leadership while managing change
Situational authority hypothesis is presented by Paul Hersey and Ken in 1969. this
approach depends on two conduct that is order and strong. This whole hypothesis is clarified
with the guide of four levels i.e. pioneer need to high directional conduct and low strong
conduct.
This says just a single administration approach isn't sufficient for executing changes there
is necessity of something beyond.
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Starting changes-for changes organization need to take some large and additionally some
little strides for it with the goal that this will brings about progress. Outside components
incorporates arrangements, innovations, plan and systems with the goal that they can give better
efficiency and help in producing increasingly income.
Principle duty is of pioneer in association to oversee everything in suitable way with the
goal that their will be high efficiency and in addition produce income (Bender, Mann and Olsen,
2011).
This approach for the most part help organization in executing alteration in viable way
with the goal that they can build efficiency as indicated by clients request and furthermore help
in creating income.
Kotter's 8 Step model of progress:- John Kotter was a teacher of Harvard Business
School and he presented a change show in his book that is driving change. In which included 8
stages of changes that he created after research. He depicted that progressions is must be required
for each effective association since it bolster in contending with ecological factors and in
addition a few contenders. Managers of an organization might take support of Kotter's 8 Model
of progress for driving change, for example,
Creating an urgency: In this, a standout amongst the most imperative part is to make a
direness which should be possible in following path, for example,
 To recognizing and features the potential and imperative dangers that can be manifest
later on.
 To think about the open doors with the end goal of compelling intercessions.
Framing powerful guiding coalitions: it is next period of this model as there are a few
criteria where this can be accomplished, for example, recognizing the compelling change
supervisors and additionally pioneers inside the firm who are imperative for the association and
responsibility with respect to objectives and destinations. They frame a coalitions who can be
function as a group.
Developing a vision: In this stage, they decide the centre qualities which characterized a
definitive vision and techniques for understanding the impacts of changes with in an association.
Imparting the dreams: It is imperative to discuss the dreams with persuading to the
workers so they can embrace the methodologies and also changes in the firm.
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Communicating the visions: In this stage it dissect that hierarchical structures and
procedures adjusted in proper path to achieve objectives and goals and additionally dreams.
M4 Leadership approaches for delivering organizational change
It can be identified that effective leadership approaches can be helpful in making sure that
changes in the organisational environment are carried out effectively. The determination of
situation helps in undertaking of right approach to leadership which will be helpful in dealing
with situation. Considering the situation, transformational leadership is an approach which will
be assistive in development of trust and confidence in employees which will be helpful in
making sure that employees' performance could be improved.
Situation leadership:- It refers to style of leadership at which manager and leader of
Imperial Hotel able to develop decision and strategies according to situation which they are
facing at particular time. In this manager and leader adjust or change there style and strategics
according to situation in order to deal with situation in effective manner. Such as manager make
different plans for different situations like conflict and fast moving situation.
Transactional leadership:- It refers to leadership style in which leader and manager
motivate employees by using punishment technique as well as reward techniques. By this
manger and leaders of respective company motivate employees for a short duration in order to
conduct activities in effective manner.
Transformational leadership:- It is a leadership style which is use by a leader and
manger of respective company. In which they prefer working in team and accordingly they
create vision. Manager and leader change there strategies and plans according to situation, task
and team members. Which help them in attaining there goal of expanding business in effective
and appropriate manner.
D3 Effectiveness of leadership approaches and models of change management
It is extremely crucial to evaluate leadership approaches within organisation so that
employees are provided with suitable guidance and environment which helps them to transform
in an ideal manner. The measurement of effectiveness of leadership is a major challenge to
which an organisation is being exposed. The constructive use of feedback from employees and
business results are common approaches through which leadership and change management
practices in an organisation can be examined. The Kurt lewin's model of change along with
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transformative approaches are well appreciated by employees and helps in attaining business
results.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarized that changes is necessary for company
success because it aids in maximizing organizational profit by designing goods or services as per
client choice or preferences. Basically, managers of an organization is considering number of
elements while conducting modification at workplace. Their main objective is to grab the
opportunity which is present at marketplace by imposing alteration in their current policies for
maximizing profit level. Apart from this, number of elements are covered under this previous
project such as; impact of modification on company culture, policies, norms, behaviour,
leadership and so on. Additionally, number of obstacles are also identified while imposing
changes at marketplace due to changes in distinct factors.
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REFERENCES
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