Understanding Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment and Complications

This report discusses the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and complications of type 2 diabetes in the UK. It covers topics such as the increase of type 2 diabetes, clinical investigations associated with diagnosis, and treatment and support available for service when initially diagnosed. The report also highlights the common complications associated with type 2 diabetes and the treatment and support available for long-term complications.

Understanding
Diabetes

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................3
Task ......................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Discuss type reasons of increase of type 2 diabetes in UK............................................................3
1.2 explain the signs and symptoms of Type 2 diabetes in UK............................................................4
2.1 Clinical Investigations Associated With Diagnosis Of Type 2 ......................................................5
3.1 Treatment And Support Available For Service When Initially Diagnosis......................................6
CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................8
References ...........................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
As per the report of UK, there are about 90 percent of people who have type 2 diabetes.
There are several of factors such as unhealthy diet habits, physical inactivity, work stress and so on.
(Adjei Boakye and et.al., 2018) Type 2 diabetes is a also a common condition that can influence
and cause the level of sugar and insulin in the blood stream high. It may also reflect number of
serious issues physical and escalate the risk of getting complication with eye vision, may promote
cardiovascular problems as well as nerves. There is little attention has been given to diabetes among
population. Diabetes is life long disease and studies confirmed that diabetes type 1 can be cure
through improvisation in diet and elimination of physical inactivity where as diabetes type 2 may
not curable. This report may underpin each aspects of diabetes type 2 and helpful in demonstrating
a better understanding of serious causes of Diabetes type 2.
Task
1.1 Discuss type reasons of increase of type 2 diabetes in UK
As per the studies, it has been determined that the diabetes type 2 is the most common
disease, which is influenced through factors such as lifestyle, genes, disturbed diet of an individual
as well. Obesity or obese patients are most likely to have diabetes type 2. Studies concluded that
extra weight or over weight issues can lead an individual to develop diabetes type 2. with million of
individual may living diabetes type 2, the World Health Organisation announced the situation as
well as conditions that are being epidemic (Nutter and Kuyumcu‐Martinez, 2018). It has been
estimated that diabetes is a disease which is interlinked with associated disease that can affect an
individual and may lead to mortality as well. As compared to non diabetic patients the 300 percent
of risk and hazard which may determine in individual along with diabetes type 2.
A wide range range potential factors that can be considered in type 2. obesity often seen as
the major contributor to an escalating the major relevance of diabetes type 2 but also other factors
such as ethnicity, ageing, lifestyle, genes, status, education, learning, urbanization and also other
psychological factors such as stress, depression and other mental distress. Studies further concluded
that substance user and drinker are easy target of disease diabetes type 2. it may also depends on the
genetic make up, family history of a person, health as well as environmental factors that can
promote disease. In medical field, type 1 and type 2 diabetes may vary to each other due to their
characteristics and properties. In the conditions of type 1 diabetes it has been considered that type 1
is an autoimmune situation or condition of a person on the other hand diabetes type 2 derived as
body becomes resistance to insulin (Nutter and Kuyumcu‐Martinez, 2018).

In the report which is evidence based that can demonstrate that main causes of diabetes two
are bad diet, spending and living sedentary lifestyle and increase aged. Other reasons that can cause
diabetes type 2 are pancreatitis or prostatectomy as a major contributor which can also initiate the
cause. Health practitioners also demonstrate the main root of diabetes can be considered as
PCOS( Polycystic Ovary Syndrome), which also interlinked with insulin resistance that may also
promote pre-diabetic conditions. (Despins and Wakefield, , 2020) Another cause is Cushing
syndrome, studies determine that it can increase cortisol hormone within body which leads to
increased blood sugar level. In the condition of Glucagon, an individual might loose the ability to
equilibrium between levels of insulin production as well as glucagon production.
1.2 explain the signs and symptoms of Type 2 diabetes in UK
As per the studies,no individual are same as they are different by their body type, internal
organs as well. Not each every individual might feel same and suffer with same condition of
diabetes type 2. As per studies, people who generally affected do debits symptoms either minor or
major. he diabetes type 2 can represent symptoms at early or later it depends on type of body and
minor an major stage of diabetes 2. most of people with type 2 diabetes are most likely to display no
symptoms in exceptional case. An individual can suffers being thirsty in excessive amount,
secretion of more urine than usual, feeling tired and lethargic, being hungry, healing power of a
body become slow, itching and skin infection, problems in vision, the body weight gradually get
increased , number of mood swings, headache, dizziness, cramps in legs usually. Recent studies
estimated and revealed that there are about 85-90 percent of population who are suffering and
facing chronic issues in regards with diabetes type (Balasubramaniam, and et.al., 2019).
Type 2 Diabetes is common in today's world. Hence, it is state that it is progressive
condition in which the any type of body tend to become resistant to the habitual and normal effects
of insulin and it may gradually loses the capacity in order to produce enough amount of insulin in
the pancreas. As the hormone insulin is secreted through the leaf like structure in a body which is
highly responsible for maintaining appropriate sugar level in a body. When a organ of a body
becomes unavailable to produce hormone usually artificial products or medicine s are consulted and
prescribed by doctor in order to attain the fix level of sugar in blood. As per studies, the type 2
associated with a risk factors. Type 2 diabetes also occur genetic as well as family related risk
factors. There are several of factors and major elements which can be considered as factors in these
disorders (Chan and Feng, 2018).
As per studies it is confirmed and assure that changes in temperature can derive major
factor. Common symptoms that can be considered in diabetes type 2 can be frequent urination,

being thirsty, being tired than usual, losing body mass, thrush, the wounds might take longer to heal
or to produce protein layer. diabetes 2 , as it discussed earlier that it may represent no symptoms as
the early stages but if it becomes established over year it can represent serious causes
(Balasubramaniam, and et.al., 2019). As per studies, early detection of these disease are most
compulsory as it is easy to prevent and controlled through number of strategies and health care
plans.
2.1 Clinical Investigations Associated With Diagnosis Of Type 2
As per the studies, it ha been concluded that screening and diagnosis of diabetes is usually
performed by implication of glycated Haemoglobin which A1c test. As the blood test that may
provide potential to indicate average blood sugar level for the past history can be below %.7 can be
normal, less than 6.4 that can indicate that an individual might be suffering from pre diabetic
whereas higher than a person is suffering from the diabetes (Despins and Wakefield, , 2020). As per
the studies, it has been also concluded that the diagnosis may start with three major stages such as
random blood sugar test, fasting blood sugar test, oral glucose tolerance test. In this the plan of care
of diabetes type 2 can be start with healthy diet. The health professional make sure that an
individual should follow the respective diet plans as they are suggested through the health care
professionals. The main key that patients should follow to stay and being active.
Random Blood Sugar Test
Values of blood sugar may express through in milligrams of sugar per decilitre or it can be
expressed through micromoles of blood. As per our diet It may fluctuate its reading.
Fasting Blood Sugar Test,
In this type of testing an individual is allowed to do fasting that means he or she is not
allowed to have meal before 12 hours of diagnosis. Hence it may result the blood sugar with in
blood stream and the result of this diagnosis term d to be eighty percent true.
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
In this type of testing an individual may require a to eat a pill or drug before 6 hours of
doctors appointment. As per the studies, it has been extracted that diabetes mellitus can be
dangerous and harmful for a person, and the oral glucose tolerance may provide a result that can
state the an individual's body glucose level on the steady state ( Alkhatib and Tuomilehto, 2019).
As many disease can arise by providing a body a complete rest and laziness. The patients
should be fully guided to monitor the in this type of testing an individual is allowed to do fasting
induce that means he or she is not allowed to have meal before 12 hours of diagnosis. Hence it may

result the blood sugar with in blood stream and the result of this diagnosis termed to be eighty
percent true. ir blood sugar level at least one time in a week. It help in monitoring the sugar level in
a body. The intakes of medicines should in this type of testing an individual is allowed to do fasting
that means he or she is not allowed to have meal before 12 hours of diagnosis.
Hence it may result the blood sugar with in blood stream and the result of this diagnosis
term d to be eighty percent true. be strictly followed. In order to accomplish the pointer reducing
risk, health professional should make sure that an individual should follow the prescribed fitness
and diet chart in order to promote the rate of health recovery. According to studies, as there can be
several of elements that can effect the rate of currentness (Kalra, and Khandelwal, 2018 ). The
healthy coping structured in a way as they can help a person to become diabetes free.
3.1 Treatment And Support Available For Service When Initially Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes can be firstly treated with intervention of weight reduction therapy. As the
medication of diabetes that are either oral or injected in a body of an individual. Also these are
prescribed when the stage of disease can not be preventable. The management of diabetes type 2
indulge healthy routines which can lead to healthy diets. The major reduction sugary elements are
eliminated from regular diets. Less containing sugar are allow to eat. The junk are also removed
from the diet. The physical activities exposure is mandatory (Cousminer and et.al.,2018). As it help
to body to maintain the level of activeness and sugar level. Insulin therapy are suggested by health
professionals. The patients are strictly guided to do daily blood sugar mothering. As these
precautions should be followed and should considered to significant in order to balance the blood
sugar level. Health diets can conclude healthy cooking oils, low fat meals and fishes, more high
fibre foods such as fruits, whole grains etc. an individual can follow the plan well balance diet and
nutritional meals. Developing new habits such as undergoing in aerobic exercises, resistance
exercise etc. should be followed. Most common medications those are suggested to diabetic patients
are metformin,sulfonamides, glides etc.
Diet Of An Individual
Balance diet is essential for an individual, it may help and individual to maintain body
weight as per their accurate BMI. Each diet should be mandated with a balanced amount of insulin,
consumptions of whole grains, fruits, non fat diary products, beans, leans, meats, fish and so on. An
individual who are suffering from diabetes can be more managed and organised if they decide a slot
of eating in small time duration rather than having two heavy meals each day. Glycemic index
along with glyceride load are determined as meal plan for patients. Low glycemic index food and
load raise blood sugar slowly as compared to high glymeic load foods. It is standard measurement.

In which two factors are essential which involve timing of meals and amount of insulin (Dang and
et.al., 2019 ). Moreover the weight reduction exercises which are conducted to manage body
weight. Hence these exercise may increase the sensitivity to insulin as well as help to moderate and
control blood sugar elevations.
3.1 common complication associated with type 2
Studies concluded that two different types of Diabetes may affect the health and metabolism
of an individual. But the diabetes type 1 may consider to show sings and symptoms at early stage
and it can be prevented by numerous of interventions and treatment and also it is common in
children and young individuals. Whereas diabetes type 2 is considerer to be matured kind of
diabetes which diagnosed at the time of maturity and highly aged people get affected. The long term
causes of diabetes type 2 are serious and lead an individual to morbidity to mortality. Common
complication that are happen due to diabetes type 2 bare excessive thirst, an individual might feel
thirst and may find blocked throat as well (Owen and et.al.,2018). The metabolism of a body also
affect due to presence of type 2.
3.2 Treatment And Support For Long Term Complications
As per the studies it has been state that patients who are suffering from long term illness of
diabetes might undergo and face issues such as rapid or fast heartbeat, sweating, skin of an
individual might becomes white due to loss of red blood cells in a body, mental distress examples
anxieties, hypertensions, migraine, numbness in lips, hands and also in toes, conflict ions,
confusions and so on. Studies further concluded that long term effect of diabetes type 2 may also
promote organ failure, coronary heart diseases, cardio vascular problems and so on. The Diagnosis
and treatment are performed in a such a pattern through health professionals. It has been also
observed that long ter4m complication also promote the Hyperglycaemia that can be cure through
drugs such as aspirin and if its in mild stage it can be cure and recover thorough orange juice as
well. The slurred speeches termed to on term affects of an individual hence it can be control and
prevented through speech therapy in old age people (Kent and et.al.,2017) The long term
complication can also damage the tiny blood vessels
Type 2 diabetes usually diagnosed by the help of gyrated haemoglobin. As the blood test
indicates average blood sugar level of an individuals body for the past two three months or four
months highly depend on the frequency reagents which are used to accomplish the test. As the
blood test can be interpreted as below 6 percent -5.9 percent is normal. Pre diabetes criteria can be
stated as for patients who debits their blood sugar level as 5.9 percent to 6.6 percent. Including
patients those have blood sugar 6.9 percent or more than are on two septate test indicates diabetes.

Most commonly the consultant apply some test in order to diagnosis can begin with random Blood
Sugar test.
The blood sugar values are expressed and obtain in unit of milligrams of sugar as per
decilitre (mg/dL) or micromoles. In special cases, if the signs and symptoms are externally present
that can be extreme thirst and frequent urine a level of blood sugar that can represent as 250 mg/dL
(11.1 mmol/L) (Lebovitz and Banerji, 2018). As per the view of The fasting blood sugar test
method can represent accurate result in a being. Initially a blood sample is taken from the body after
an overnight fasting. The results that can be obtained if the blood sugar is less than 100 mg/dL state
as normal. 100 to 125 mg/dL is as pre diabetes. Similarly more than 125 mg/dL consideration as
diabetic.
Support To An Individual
initially an individual might be handled through endocrinologist who have experience and
worked with a lot of people who were suffering with same issues. There are number of social
groups with in society who support diabetes prevention group. This programmes may allow an
individual to open up his or her thoughts on the challenges and consequences which are they facing
in regards with disease. Communication in long term disease plays a vital role in easing mental
thoughts through which an individual is going through. The support and advice also attained
through friends and family.( Alkhatib and Tuomilehto, 2019) The considerer therapy also may work
on individual in prevention interventions, that can helpful to an individual to release the mental
stress. The studies conclude that the stress is also a major factor that can be considered as the
contributor to serious effects to health of an individual. It has been also advice through doctors to
patients who are suffering from long term illness of diabetes type that they should pick a person to
talk to. It has also considered that patients should undergo test at least once in a moth. The test that
can be shortlisted such as nephropathy, it can be proceeded thorough urine sample and blood sugar
is monitored.
CONCLUSION
Over all it has been concluded that diabetes may induce numerous of risk factors. In order to
stay healthy and approachability should be adopted by an individuals such as controlling and
monitoring the insulin level in blood streams, active plan for the dietary pattern, elimination of
artificial sugar elements from the diet, utilization of fresh and raw vegetables and fruits, exposure of
physical activity as well. Due to lavish and busy lifestyle, human are not aware how to live and stay
healthy and fit. This factor considered as major contributor in developing risk and hazards to an
individual. Studies concluded that diabetes can also effect the mental health of an individuals and
people might undergo in the serious stage of depression and may also develop another mental

distress which is hypertension. In order to overcome from this threat and individual should socially
active and should believe and themselves, staying optimistic in respect to each challenges of life
might helpful.

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