Understanding and Leading Change in Organizations - Desklib

This report discusses the drivers and effects of change in organizations, with a focus on Unilever, Tesco, and Morrisons. It includes PEST analysis to identify key drivers of change, evaluation of the impact of change on leadership, individuals, and team behavior, and application of change management models. The report also assesses the impact of external factors such as political, economic, sociological, and technological aspects on the organizations. Course code and college/university not mentioned.

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................5
LO 1 : PEST analysis regarding given firms to identify main drivers.........................................5
2. Introducing impacts regarding change plus drivers including how it affects organizational
strategy.........................................................................................................................................8
LO 2...............................................................................................................................................13
Evaluating the ways through which change management will impact leadership, individuals
and team behaviour....................................................................................................................13
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................16
Brief discussion of the force field theory...................................................................................16
Examples of real changes that are being introduced by Morrison’s..........................................16
Discussion of all resisting and driving forces for the change and numbering it from 1 to 5
depends on the strength of the forces.........................................................................................17
Ways through which Morrison can reduce its resisting forces or barriers.................................18
Achievement of Morrison objective by barrier reduction and change implementation............18
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................19
Discussion on intended change in Morrison, drivers for change, its impact on company and
desired impact............................................................................................................................19
Implementation of these changes using Lewin theory...............................................................20
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21

INTRODUCTION
Understanding along with leading change seems to generally prepare participants
particularly for meeting issue including problems that generally come with beginning in
conjunction with implementation change. Change is vital for success in an organization in case
it leads or understand in appropriate manner. The organization should try changing instead
having fear of change. This change in a business generally implies the modification along with
remodelling that occurs within total working zone. There are multiple resources due to which
such change happens in a business organization like change within structure, people, aspects and
technology alterations etc. Unilever is a multinational firm located within London. Tesco plc is
again a multinational organization located in the Welwyn Garden City of England. Morrisons is
4th largest retail chain in UK ( (Neumann, James and Vince, 2019)).
Following report comprises an introduction for drivers and effects of change including
how it generally impacts the business strategies. Along with it a brief of chosen organizations
like Unilever, Tesco plus Morrisons is also given. It also comprises PESTLE analyses regarding
each organization to identify their key drivers pertaining change. Furthermore, report also has
evaluation of mentioned business on effect of change with its impact on business organization's
operations plus strategies. It also highlights whether change will impact the leadership,
teamwork behaviour plus individuals. Lastly, the report also assesses how impact regardin
change is reduced and application of models generally work efficiently.
MAIN BODY
LO 1 : PEST analysis regarding given firms to identify main drivers
PEST analysis forms part of PESTLE assessment tool that helps the firms recognize their
external surrounding and analyse factors that disrupt functioning of operations. The Pest analysis
will highlight the political, economical, sociological and technological aspects of Morrisons,
Tesco and Unilever (Christodoulou and Cullinane, 2019).
Dimensions Morrisons TESCO Unilever
Political  Brexit led to  China plus  European

the most
challenging
political
environment
that not only
influenced the
organizations
rather the entire
country.
 Political
regulations also
immensely
impacted
Morrison.
Asia's import
activities
affected its
exports in
another nations
also.
 Substantial
taxes on
supermarket-
chains in UK,
led Tesco to
augment its
prices
regarding
goods.
commission's
rules and FDA
administration
is needed to be
adhered by
Unilever.
 Substantial
restrictions
imposed on the
export and
import can
obstruct
smooth
functioning in
Unilever and
could affect
company's
success.
Economic  Complex
budgets and
contributions
of customers
are
consequences
of increase
within Oil
prices that has
limited sales of
this company.
 Alterations in
labour costs of
this retailer and
setting
regarding
standard wage
rates for
labourers has
affected in
ultimate
growth in the
 Serving the
country with
qualitative
goods and
cheaper and
reasonable
goods forms a
set-priority and
methodology of
this company.
 High inflation
in UK economy

 A great
fluctuation in
currency of UK
since Brexit
has impacted
the consumers
purchasing
power.
company.
 Cost, profit
margins and
price-structures
are other
aspects that
come under
mentioned
factors.
has huge
impact upon
Unilever and
it's also
affecting its
sales in
Unilever and
hampering its
growth.
Socio-cultural  Customers are
becoming
largely health-
conscious and
preference of
Morrisons'
consumers are
increasingly
changing.
 Rising rate of
elder
population is
generating
huge scope
regarding the
company.
 TESCO could
consider
changing the
patterns
regarding
consumer
lifestyles plus
offer them
healthy
products.
 Tesco's fast
deliveries and
profitable
return policies
might lead to
increase
within
company's
revenue.
 With regard the
sociological
considerations
taken within
this company,
Unilever has
generated a
very solid
brand image.
 Unilever is
concerned with
the expectation
of people to
fee and look
better. The firm
wishes to
accomplish
these desires
through coming
up with

products.
Technological  Investing for
adoption of
technologies
has assisted
Morrisons for
becoming even
more
efficacious in
its
functionalities
as compared
with
previously.
 The company
could invest in
the research &
development
department for
improving its
operations even
more through
building
different
software
systems.
 Launching of
RFID
technologies
within Tesco
has augmented
the customer
experience
during
shopping.
 The firm seems
to come up
along with its
individual
system of
cellular
payment, also
termed as
PayQwid. It is
another techno-
innovation
which has
raised its
consumers'
experience.
 Unilever firm
has emphasized
upon
developing the
unique methods
regarding
advertising plus
marketing (in
terms regarding
digital aspect)
that can benefit
this company in
coming or near
future.
 It has a goal of
becoming the
market ruler,
through
utilizing great
automations for
the proper
competition in
its best
probable way.

2. Introducing impacts regarding change plus drivers including how it affects organizational
strategy
Organisatio
n
Changes Drivers of
change
Impact on strategy Impact of
operations
Tesco
1 Large taxes on retail
chains of UK, led
Tesco to increase its
costs of the
products.
Government is
driver to
balance the
supply-chain of
money within
the nation.
The main strategy
regarding Tesco is
offering the goods at
an affordable pricing
and adhering cost
leadership for
obtaining maximum
product with
maximizing its sales
through serving the
country with
affordable charges.
But its has affected
strategy of this
company adversely
and also raised its
costing, minimizing
its margin of profits
and sales both
(Adamyk, 2019).
The firm's
operations seem
all disturb
pertaining tax
increment and
organization is
not capable to
produce goods as
effectively as was
doing previously.
2 Modification in the
labour-related
costing of this
company and
Administration
for avoiding
severe kind of
Tesco's every strategy
focuses on cutting
short its costing of
company and
Because of this,
the company
seems not able in
managing large

establishing of
standard pay rate for
its labourers has
affected in ultimate
growth regarding the
company.
labour abuse. presently the high
worker rate is
hampering its strategy.
numbers of
workers as it will
have to bear
expenses which is
affecting the
efficacy of this
company.
3 Tesco's swift
deliveries and
beneficial return
policies might lead
to increase in
company's
profitability.
Alterations in
consuming
behaviour and
habits.
The exchanging and
return policies at
times also cost incur
prices for the
company and is
dissolving the strategy
regarding making
great revenue/great
profits.
It has created
good demand of
talented
workforce which
can manage all
these upcoming
facilities
effectively.
4 The firm has
surfaced with its
individual system
concerning online
payment, termed as
PayQwid. It is
another techno-
product which has
augmented the
buyer's experience.
Customer's
satisfaction
It has called for
changed functions and
has improvised the
organization's
strategies of five
billing stations.
It has enhanced
firm's base of
customers
offering a solid
experience and
seems to keep
interest of the
consumer base
aligned.
Organisation Changes Drivers of Impact on strategy Impact of

change operations
Morrisons
1 Brexit resulted
in one most
challenging
political
environment
that not only
impacted
several
organizations
rather even the
entire nation.
Setting anti-
establishment
politics.
It impacts positively
upon Morrisons. The
firm holds greater
share within the market
along with a clearly
defined focus.
This specific
change has
increased this
company's
efficacy along
with its
profitability.
2 Regulated
budgets and
influencing of
customers count
as consequences
of rise in oil
prices that has
limited sales of
company.
Inflation in
UK economy
because of
Covid-19
This company
strategies majorly
influence affiliated
sales of company, but
due to high prices the
firm's strategies are
gaining no good.
As its result the
yearly turnover
of company gets
highly affected
plus the
company isn't
able for
performing its
operations
smoothly.
3 Customers are
getting more
health inclined
and the favour
of consumers
are swiftly
changing(Muma
Altering
trends and
firm's thinking
pattern.
It enables the
organization to make
strategic decisions
related to
manufacturing of
hygienic food products
and beverages.
It has led to a
great demand of
hygienic
products and its
operations
related with
manufacturing

ni, Stone and
Wang, 2018).
are mainly
performed
keeping within
mind the
hygiene
conscious
environment.
4 Investing for the
adoption of
technologies
has assisted
Morrisons to get
even more
efficacious in its
functionality
than it
previously was
(Gao, Meng and
Meng, 2020).
High
competition.
It has held good for
this company's strategy
since the firm is now
capable to maintain
pace with the
manufacturing and is
even able to get the
customers' access
efficiently (Vallati and
Grassi, 2019).
It has
improvised plus
changed its
operations of
this company as
its operations
performed
within the
manufacturing
for the accurate
billing
procedures seem
completely
evolved.
Organisation Changes Drivers of
change
Impact on
strategy
Impact of
operations
Unilever
1 Numerous Fiscal laws This casts a poor It has impacted

restrictions laid
upon export and
import can
obstruct its
smooth
functioning in
Unilever and
could affect the
firm's success.
impact on this
organization, as
the
methodologies of
exporting upon
good scale seems
to go wrong for
company.
the manufacturing
plus dealings of
company even the
sales regarding
the firm have
reduced, also
Unilever is only
capable to export
its personal
products
regarding its
brand.
LO 2
Evaluating the ways through which change management will impact leadership, individuals and
team behaviour
Changes are the part of organization that affect the overall performance of the company. Not only
that, these changes also affect the functioning of the organization such as individual employees,
leadership and overall team behaviour. The impact of the changes discussed above on the
leadership, team and individuals of company are as follows:
Morrison
Change Internal/external Impact on
leadership
behaviour
Impact on
team/
departmental
behaviour
Impact on
individual
behaviour
measures to
minimise
negative
impacts
Ceasing
home
delivery
option.
External This will
discourage
the employee
motivation
Clashes
among team
members is
one of the
The
employees
are get
demotivated
Shifting
employees to
other
department

and
leadership
management
(Nelson-
Brantley and
et.al., 2018).
negative
impact on
these change.
after job loss
due to
ceasing
home
delivery
option.
rather than
firing.
Work from
home
facility.
Internal Leading the
employees is
difficult at
the time of
remote
working
which might
cause
negative
impact.
It will
encourage the
team to
provide high
quality and
over work
during the
peak season.
The
employees of
the Morrison
get
motivated
and
encouraged
through this
change is a
positive
impact.
Proper
guidance
should be
provided to
remote
employees
regarding
work from
home policy.
Zero waste
policy by
2025.
External This has
enhanced the
leadership
behaviour at
workplace
and
encouraged
leader to
became more
effective and
efficient.
It became
hectic for the
department to
implement
zero waste
policy
because of
lack of
support.
The
employees
are not
supportive to
this policy as
it is quite
risky and
time
consuming
(Hastings
and
Schwarz,
2022).
Rewards is
the measure
to reduce the
negative
impact.

Tesco
Change Internal/external Impact on
leadership
behaviour
Impact on
team/
departmental
behaviour
Impact on
individual
behaviour
measures to
minimise
negative
impacts
Increase cost
of products
or
Establishing
standard pay
rates to
labour.
Internal It leads to
positive
leadership
among Tesco
staff.
Increased
team and
department
targets and
production
capacity.
Employees
are not
satisfied as
they have
fear of losing
customers.
To minimise
its negative
impact the
company
should offer
discounts to
customer.
Tesco’s swift
deliveries or
Online
payment
system.
Internal The online
payment
facility has
created
clashes
among the
leaders
regarding
training
(Galli,
2018).
The
employees
able to
complete
their work
on time.
Higher
production
of goods and
service and
low cost of
wastage of
resources.
Proper
training and
development
session to
employees.
Unilever
Change Internal/
external
Impact on
leadership
Impact on
team/
Impact on
individual
measures to
minimise

behaviour departmenta
l behaviour
behaviour negative
impacts
Adoption of
social
media
method of
advertiseme
nt.
Internal This has
impacted the
leadership
behaviour in
positive way
as social
media help
the leaders
to keep
customer
engaged in
purchasing.
Departments
are able to
complete
their daily
production
capacity or
targets on
time.
The
employees
are highly
motivated
because of
this change.
To minimise
the negative
impact,
Unilever Plc
has provided
rewards in
term of both
financial and
non-financial
(Rosenbaum,
More and
Steane. 2018).
LO 3
Brief discussion of the force field theory
Force field analysis is a theory which is created by Kurt Lewin in the year 1940s with the
help of which businesses can assess the different driving forces and resisting forces creating
change within the organization. This theory has to be used by the organization in order to
identify whether the new changes at the workplace is beneficial for the company or not. Also, it
helps in maintaining the equilibrium between the forces that drive change and the forces that
resist change within Morrison retailer of UK. Due to Brexit and Covid-19, Morrison company
have faced issue regarding changes that is required to be implemented at workplace. In order to
successfully implement changes at the workplace, Morrison company has assessed different
driving and resisting forces to change in the past years after the Covid-19 and Brexit situation
(Burnes, 2020). Hence, the force field theory is one of the best theory with the help of which
company can assess its internal strength as well as weakness to adapt new changes.

Examples of real changes that are being introduced by Morrison’s
Morrison is one of the leading and fourth largest supermarket chain in the United Kingdom. The
examples of changes which is brought by Morrison organization at their workplace after the
global pandemic and Brexit situation are as follows:
Ceasing home delivery option: After Brexit situation, Morrison company has faced sever
financial trouble in term of poor liquidity and sales. The additional supply chain cost because of
Brexit and covid-19, has reduced the overall profitability of the organization (Mu and et.al.,
2021). Hence, to cope with the additional supply chain cost, Morrison has brought changes of
ceasing home delivery operations in around 50 stores from October 2021.
Work from home facility: In pandemic situation, following government rules and guidelines is
strict to all employees. Providing social distancing safety and health safety to employees of
Morrison is their first priority. Also, hiring and retaining talented staff is also a major issue that
company is facing in the present world. So, to cope with this issue and achieve the ultimate
objective of the organization, Morrison company has provided work from home facility to its
existing and new employees. This has not only helped the company in building trust of
employees but also helpful in reducing high employee turnover.
Zero waste policy by 2025: The company is aiming to became UK’s first zero waste supermarket
and for this Morrison has incorporated changes at the workplace. The company has introduced or
launch a waste policy by 2025. The “zero waste” store format has been rolled out at all 498
stores across the UK, with the aim to achieve its ultimate objective of waste reduction and zero
gas emission reduction (Hussain and et.al., 2018).
Discussion of all resisting and driving forces for the change and numbering it from 1 to 5
depends on the strength of the forces
As per force field theory, there are two types of forces which affect change includes driving
forces and resistant forces. Driving forces: This are the forces that has compel Morrison to change its internal
environment to enhance brand value.
 Resistant forces: This are the forces which has stop Morrison organization to incorporate
change at the workplace.

Driving forces Numbering Scale Resisting forces Numbering Scale
Marketing demand 3 Lack of employee
support.
5
Technological
innovation
2 Poor training and
development program
3
Environmental
protection
2 Disruptive technology 4
Employment spheres 3 Dependability 5
Leadership
management
2 Lack of efficient
marketing strategies
4
Ways through which Morrison can reduce its resisting forces or barriers
There are various ways with the help of which management of Morrison retail organization has
reduce the resisting forces or barriers and successfully implement the changes at workplace. This
way are as follows: Investment in training and development: This is the first way which is adopted by
Morrison organization in order to implement changes. The company has provided proper
training to its employees so that they can adapt themselves towards changes. For this,
huge financial and time investment has been done by Morrison. Social media marketing adoption: Further, Morrison has also adopted the social media
marketing strategy to understand its customer taste and buying behaviour. The company
has launched digital campaign on social sites regarding zero waste policy by 2025 in
order to implement this change. Rewards and recognition to employee: Moreover, the management of Morrison company
has also adopted the ways or action such as reward and recognition to employees with the
aim to encouraged and motivate the employees. The impact of which lack of employee
support resistant force has been reduced and Morrison able to successfully implement

changes (Popp and et.al., 2018).
 Involving employees in decision making process: The employees should be involving in
crucial and significant decision that affect their working condition and career. Hence,
before introducing the work from home policy or facility as a change at the workplace,
Morrison company has adopted the ways of involving or engaging employee in decision
making process at the workplace.
Achievement of Morrison objective by barrier reduction and change implementation
Morrison is a fourth largest retailer of UK after Tesco, Sainsbury and M&S whose main
objective is to be more competitive, serve customers with better and hygiene products etc. The
company wants to became first largest retailer of UK by gaining highest market share. With the
help of reducing the barrier and implementing the change successfully, Morrison able to achieve
its ultimate objective without any issue or restriction (Popp and et.al., 2018). In the present era,
technological development is continuously growing which has created lots of opportunities for
the retailers to gain large customer base as well as the shares. Not only that, contributing to the
communities by providing more local jobs, high quality products at reasonable price, providing
doorstep deliveries is also easily achievable for Morrison after the barrier reduction and above
mentioned changes implementation.
LO 4
Discussion on intended change in Morrison, drivers for change, its impact on company and
desired impact
The intended biggest changes that Morrison company wants to implement at the workplace by
the end of the year 2022 are as follows:
Type of change Reason Current impact on the
company
Desired impact
Pricing system Under this change,
Morrison is trying to cut
the price of its products
The overall profitability
of Morrison might be
reduced because of
But the desired impact of
these system is that the
customer base as well as

and services. The
company wants to made
their products such as
eggs, beef and nappies
cheaper amid the rising
cost of living. The
reason to made these
change to help
consumer tackle with
their spending pattern
after Covid-19.
these change
implementation (Roy,
Schoenherr and Charan,
2020).
loyalty will increased in
near future. This will
further increase sales and
profitability of Morrison.
Packaging This is also one of the
change which is
implemented by
Morrison. Under this
change, own brand fresh
milk using cartons
bottle has been
introduced by Morrison
for the purpose of
reducing plastic
wastage. The reason to
include this change is to
protect environment.
With the help of carton
packaging, the use of
carton will enhance. For
which the company
need to spend extra
money which is
expensive for Morrison.
However, the desired
impact of these intended
change on Morrison is that
their brand reputation will
improved in the eye of
community or other
stakeholder. Also, it will
enhance the reputation of
business all over the world.
Food waste Morrison is also
planning to remove the
“use by” date on
packaging by “best
before” dates on
packaging in order to
The current impact of
these change on the
company is that it will
help Morrison in
reducing the wastage of
foods. It will also help
The desired impact of food
waste change over the
Morrison company is that
their reputation will
improve and cost of sales
will reduce.

stop millions of pints
which were needlessly
thrown away.
the company to spread
awareness of the
packaging description
on consumers.
Implementation of these changes using Lewin theory
Lewin’s change model:
This is a model of change management with the help of which Morrison company can easily
implement any change at their workplace. The planning and implementing required changes at
the workplace is became easy using the Lewin’s change model. There are three stages of change
as per this model such as unfreeze, change and refreeze. The change implementation process of
Morrison for implementing the above mentioned changes are as follows:
Unfreeze Change Refreeze
 In this stage, the
management of
Morrison will
communicate the
change with the
employees and other
stakeholders.
 Further rewards will be
provided to keep
employees motivated.
 Lastly, punishment will
be provided to
employees for
removing negative
motivation.
 In this stage, various
strategies have to be
developed by Morrison
for the change
implementation.
 Proper communication
with the stakeholder is
also need to be done.
 Lastly, rewards is also
required to be provided
by the company
enhance the motivation
of employees (Naseem-
Khan and et.al., 2022).
 In this stage, company
will continue to
organize its market
research.
 Implementation of
different training
techniques and
constantly
communicating with
the employees.

CONCLUSION
From above report this has been concluded that in order to implement a change in an
organization it is important to first understand that change, determine the right area for change
and then make strategies so that it can be implemented efficiently, which holds good for the
company. The report also illustrated the impact of the external environment on 3 different
organizations from retail sector of UK. It showed the drivers of change and the impact on the
strategies and operations of the company. Furthermore, the report presented Tesco's change of the
remote working, digital transformation, leadership management etc. and lastly, it presented the
model of Lewin which helps in adopting the changes in the organizations.
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