Understanding and Leading Change in Organizations - Desklib

This report analyzes the impact of change on strategy, operations, leadership, team and individual behavior in organizations. It includes a comparison of two organizations, Sainsbury and Morrison, in terms of strategic and operational change. It also discusses the impact of internal and external drivers of change on leadership, team and individual behavior. The report further covers measures to mitigate the negative impact of change on organizational behavior, barriers to change and their influence on leadership decision making, and leadership approaches to deal with change in organizations.

HNBS 317-
Understanding
and Leading
Change

Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
PART 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................3
P1) Compare examples of different organizations and impact of change on strategy and operations of
organization.............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................6
P2) Discuss the impact of change in internal and external drivers on leadership, team and individual
behavior..................................................................................................................................................6
P3) Discuss the measures to mitigate the negative impact of change on organizational behavior.......10
PART 2......................................................................................................................................................11
TASK 3.....................................................................................................................................................11
P4) Barriers to Change and their influence on leadership decision making..........................................11
TASK 4.....................................................................................................................................................14
P5) Leadership approaches to deal with change in organisation:..........................................................14
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................17

Introduction
In business, changes are important in order to ensure long-term growth and success. Now,
the changes are imperative in order to grow in the current competitive market. Changes occur
due to enhancement in the internal and external environment of the business. Each and every
company is required to respond towards changes effectively to sustain in the competitive market
(Coruzzi, 2020). For the present report Sainsbury is taken into consideration that is a well-known
organization retail market of UK. It offers variety of products and groceries in order to meet
with the requirements of the customers efficiently. The main aim of the study is to analyze the
changes that have been introduced by the organization. It will also cover the comparison of two
organization in terms of strategic and operational change. Further, the impact of external and
internal drivers on leadership, team & individual behavior has also been included in the
following report. Additionally, necessary measures to minimize the negative impact of changes
will also include in the study. Further, it will cover barriers of change and their influence on
decision making along with different approaches of leadership to deal with the changes.
PART 1
TASK 1
P1) Compare examples of different organizations and impact of change on strategy and
operations of organization
Overview of Sainsbury
Sainsbury is one of the largest supermarket chain of UK. It was founded in the year of
1869 by James Sainsbury. It offers range of general items and groceries to the customers
globally. It is the second largest supermarket chain that has nearly 16% share of the entire
supermarket sector of UK. The company is operating in diversify fields such as finance,
agriculture, groceries and more. In 2018, Sainsbury introduced smartshop widely that is a new
technology to offer option to the shopper to purchase the grocery and skip the checkout step. It
enhanced contactless payment in the company and now the technology is available across all the

stores of the entity globally. The main aim of this technical enhancement is to save the time of
buyers and provide them a better shopping experience.
Overview of Morrison:
Morrison is a well-know name in the supermarket sector of UK. It is the fourth largest
supermarket chain that was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. It is headquartered in UK and
has the presence in different countries across the globe. The company has nearly 494 stores at
internal level. It acquires nearly 10.4 % of the overall market size of the UK groceries industry.
Recently, the entity has been changes the operation in terms of shifting on artificial intelligence
to run the daily operation smoothly. The main aim of using AI is to drive high sales and profit by
providing better shopping experience to the customers.
Comparison of Organization in terms of strategic and operation change
Sainsbury Morrison
Change Change is important to survive
in the current competitive
market. In this context,
Sainsbury has been introduced
smartshop technology.
Through this, customers can
easily purchase grocery only
by scanning and they can
completely eliminate the step
of checkout.
In Morrisons, the change is
based on technological
advancement. Here, they have
started to use artificial
intelligence in business in
order to boost the sale. This
technology will make the
operation easier and allow the
company to attain the goal of
better customer experience.
Impact The change will affect the entity
in terms of enhancing the
shopping experience of the
customers in an efficient
manner. It will help the entity in
enhancing the sales and
profitability (Ruben and
Here, the use of artificial
intelligence will make the
company enable to earn high
amount of revenue and profit
in future period of time.

Gigliotti, 2019).
Strategy Sainsbury is required to
change its current strategies in
order to get growth and
success in future. In the
current scenario, the entity
needs to promote the
smartshop technology in order
to receive positive response
from the customers.
Morrison focuses on profit
oriented approach to inflate
the current level of sales and
revenue in an efficient
manner. According to the
changing time, they are
adopting efficient and advance
technologies so that the
business can thrive and get
success efficiently.
To improve the overall
operational efficiency of the
entity, Sainsbury is
implementing the recent
changes. Here, introducing
smart shop will help the
company in terms of
maintaining the overall
operation in a smooth manner.
It will help in enhancing the
efficiency and productivity.
To implement the artificial
intelligence, the entity needs to
make modifications in the
existing business functions.
Implementing, AI will help the
entity in improving the overall
production and will also reduce
down the requirement of
manpower in production. It will
help in producing quality
products to improve
(Wolberger and Goldman
Schuyler, 2018).

TASK 2
P2) Discuss the impact of change in internal and external drivers on leadership, team and
individual behavior
In organization, there are ample of internal and external elements which affect the
business functions profoundly. Here, the drivers of change are the elements which facilitate
changes in the organization.
Internal drivers of change: These are the elements which are present within internal
environment of business. These drivers are related with internal competency and resources of the
company. In this context, internal drivers of change are mentioned below:
Financial resources: Finance is the crucial element of each and every business. Finance
is important in order to meet with the different requirements of business. In absence of funds, it
is not possible to complete the different business activities (Bohman, 2019).
Impact on leadership: In context of Sainsbury, leaders are likely to provide complete guidance
to the team members so that they can make efficient use of funds.
Impact on individual and team behavior: In addition, individuals and teams of the entity are
also required to maintain proper control on the funds for future betterment.
Communication: Communication is the key of business success. It helps in minimizing
the ambiguity and provides clarity to each and every member. Proper communication allows the
member to get familiar with their roles & responsibilities.
Impact on leadership: In Sainsbury, leaders maintain proper communication with subordinates
via emails, meetings and more.
Impact on team and individual behavior: Here, proper communication is also maintained by
the individuals and team members of the entity in order to minimize the ambiguity at workplace.
SWOT analysis of Sainsbury
Strengths Weakness
 It is one of largest supermarket chain of
UK that acquired a remarkable share in
 Constantly increasing food prices is
creating a threat for Sainsbury by

the retail industry of the country.
 The company has a team of proficient
individuals, leaders and managers.
Here, the efficient team contributes in
the success of the entity (Imig, 2018).
enhancing the selling price of the
products or services.
 In each and every retail segment, there
is stiff competition that put a profound
impact on the growth of the company
Opportunity Threats
 There is opportunity to explore new
markets by entering into joint venture
and strategic alliances with the local
companies.
 Sainsbury can also make efficient use
of technology in order to provide better
experience to the customers.
 Increasing globalization is creating
threat for Sainsbury that might affect its
future performance.
 Growing competition in the retail
industry is also a major threat for the
respective company.
SWOT analysis of Morrison
Strengths Weakness
 The company offers large product
portfolio such as food, beverages,
clothes, music and more. This large
product portfolio is imperative to meet
with the customer needs efficiently.
 It has nearly 500 stores across the
country that makes the company enable
to serve the customers in a better way.
 Morrison has limited geographical
presence relatively to other retail
brands.
 Controversies and allegation might put
negative impact on the overall brand
image of the entity (Knobloch, Barker
and Safdar, 2020).
Opportunity Threats
 Morrison can enter into growing market
of organic products.
 Acquiring small companies will help
Morrison to grow in the competitive
market in an efficient manner,
 Change in the tax policies and other
regulations might create threat for the
business entity.
 The competitor in retail industry are
increasing rapidly that is the biggest

threat for the respective business
entity.
External Drivers of Change: External elements also put a profound impact on the
business operations. These elements are present in the outside environment and have the
potential to influence the business functions. Here, changes in the external environment cause
change in the activities of the organization (Kinchington, 2019). In this context, major external
drivers and their impact on leadership, team and individual behavior is mentioned below:
Political Factors: Sainsbury is working in different countries across the globe. Here, the
change in political environment of different countries can easily influence the functions of the
company. Hence, it is imperative to keep an eye on the political changes and make modification
accordingly in order to maintain consistency in business.
 Impact on leadership: Leaders are likely to maintain proper communication with
internal and external stakeholders to ensure smooth functioning of business (Vieira and
et. al., 2018).
 Impact on individual and team behaviors: Change in political regulation will directly
affect the policies of Sainsbury. It will further put a great influence on the behavior of
team members and individual at workplace.
Economical Factors: Sainsbury is based on the road transportation. Here, increment in the
price of petrol and diesel will enhance the overall production cost of the entity. In addition to
this, Brexit also has a major impact on the activities of the company (Lewis, Williams and Baker,
2020). Due to Brexit, the exchange of product or services between UK & EU got disrupt that
further negatively affect the operations.
 Impact on leadership: Leaders need to evaluate impact of different economical events
and then train the workforce accordingly so that they can work in the change environment
efficiently.
 Impact on individual and team behaviors: Decrease in the profit margin of the
company will also reduce the compensation of the individuals that will further affect the
performance of individuals and team adversely.

Social Factors: The population of UK has been shifted toward health conscious diet. In this
situation, Sainsbury is required to follow the beliefs, requirements of the customers in order to
ensure long term sustainability. In this context, they need to follow the market trends and
consider the change in customer attitude to ensure future success.
 Impact on leadership: Here, leaders maintain an effective communication with team
members so that they get familiar with the market trends and work accordingly.
 Impact on individual and team behaviors: To meet with the changing needs and
requirements of the buyers individuals & team members need to study the market
environment in an efficient manner.
Technological Factors: Due to increasing technology, Sainsbury is also following
technical advancement and innovation to provide better experience to the customers (Gonzales,
2020). For this purpose, they maintain presence on different social media platforms and also
have their own applications to receive orders from the customers.
 Impact on leadership: Leaders of Sainsbury motivate the staff people so that they get
ready to cope up with the technical changes of business.
 Impact on individual and team behavior: Using efficient technology also reduces the
work pressure of the employees. They can easily complete their work in less time by
using the recent and updated techniques.
Legal Factors: Sainsbury is the market leader hence it is imperative for the entity to follow
necessary rules and regulations. The company is required to follow different laws such as
business law, employment and customer protection law and more. Following the rules and
regulations is important to avoid the legal hassles in future period of time.
 Impact on leadership: Here, the leaders need to guide the employees in terms of
following necessary regulations. It will strengthen the relations of leaders and
subordinates.
 Impact on individual and team behavior: Here, individuals & team members can avoid
the legal hassles by following the regulations in an efficient manner.

Environmental Factors: Being a supermarket company, Sainsbury produces huge
pollution during the production. In current time, it is crucial for the companies to consider the
well-being of environment while undertaking the production activities (Couturier, 2019). In this
context, the entity follows sustainable practices for environment well-being and production.
 Impact on leadership: To protect the environment, leaders are required to train, guide as
well as motivate the staff members so that they can contribute towards environmental and
sustainable practices effectively.
 Impact on individual and team behavior: Individuals and team members of Sainsbury
follow suitable environmental policies so that the company can produce sustainable
products in an efficient manner.
P3) Discuss the measures to mitigate the negative impact of change on organizational behavior
While changes are implemented in the business, it is common to face resistance from the
employees. To implement the changes successfully, it is imperative to develop willingness
among workforce. In context of Sainsbury, they are implementing changes in terms of
introducing smartshops. It will affect the existing working practices of the employees hence they
are likely to resist the changes. Here, necessary measures which can be implemented by the
Sainsbury to minimize the negative impact of changes are mentioned below:
System theory: It refer that all the business practices are being carried out in a systematic
way. It helps in minimizing the loopholes in the operations so that the business entity can
produce quality products. In addition, it also makes the company enable to offer quality products
to the customers (Johnson, 2020). In Sainsbury, they follow systematic procedure and practices
for further betterment and growth.
Continuous improvement model: In current competitive world, it is crucial to modify the
business practices as per change in the environment. Effective implementation of change
improvement model allows the entity to improve the existing business practices constantly for
further betterment (Huesing, Johnson and Ludema, 2019). In this context, management of
Sainsbury adopt latest technology and practices so that they can survive in the competitive
environment.

Kubler-ross change management curve: This model helps organization to anticipate
possible reaction of employees which can help in preparing for change in a better way. This
model involves five stages such as Bargaining, Depression, Anger, Denial and acceptance. In
context to Sainsbury, the organization's employees are responsible to carry out changes and if
they oppose this will affect and create a barrier in achievement of desired goals. Additionally,
Kubler-ross change management helps the organization to anticipate emotional reaction of
employees and helps in getting prepare for the biggest problem
Motivation: Motivation refers to a process of encouraging the people to perform a specific
task in an appropriate way. Through motivation, it is possible to get consent of the employees
regarding changes. In this context, managers of Sainsbury adopt monetary and non-monetary
techniques to enhance the motivation level of workforce. For this purpose, they offer rewards,
incentives, bonus to the employees so that they easily get ready to work in change environment.
Communication: In organization, communication facilitates the flow of information from one
person to another. It is imperative to make the people clear regarding their roles and
responsibilities. In-effective communication can cause huge issues that might hamper the overall
business process (Clack, 2020). In context of Sainsbury, there is requirement of proper
communication in order to minimize the negative impact of changes. Here, communication will
help in developing willingness among employees regarding changes hence they will contribute in
successful implementation of changes.
PART 2
TASK 3
P4) Barriers to Change and their influence on leadership decision making.
Force Field analysis involves a framework which is used to analyse the factors that can
have a major impact on the situation such as social situations. It basically involves forces that are
contributing or either blocking movements towards a goal (Bastin, 2019).This analysis involves
driving and restraining force that helps the organization to move forward towards the
organization and support changes in order to bring positive change. Restraining forces are the
one that affects the change and they result in restraining organization to achieve objectives.
Driving Force:

 Marketing: It involves one of the major driving force that helps the organization to
easily adapt changes related to marketing and its operations. In context to Sainsbury,
various driving forces helps to reflect marketing functions of organization which helps in
effective and strong adaption of changes in a desired manner(Boni, 2019).
 Wants of Customer: This enables organization to develop and produce innovative and
unique products according to the want and demand of customers. In context to Sainsbury,
the organization focuses on developing products and innovating new ideas in order to
give priority to demand and need of the consumers. In order to build brand image and
enhance customer satisfaction it is important for organizations to develop products and
services according to customer's need(Franklin and Marshall, 2019).
 Technology: In order to enhance the shopping experience of consumers it is important
that technology and innovations are implemented in the best possible way to attract
customers. In context to Sainsbury, it is important that organizations implement new
payment methods or systems in an effective manner as technology acts as a important
driving factor for the organization.
Restraining Force :
 Operations: The operational activity of an organizations acts as a restraining force as
operational activities of organization are not always in a appropriate manner. In context
to the company, it has faced inefficient operations various times in the American market
which acts as a restraining force which results in making a change for the betterment of
organization.
Barriers of Change:
There are various barriers that can affect the operations of change or which can create
hurdles in an organization while implementing change in the organization. Barriers of change
can be categorized in various ways which involves-
 Ineffective Leadership: Leadership is the process of influencing the behaviour of people
by making them strive voluntarily towards attainment of organizational goals. But
sometimes inefficient leadership can act as a barrier to the change if organizations does
not have effective leaders who can support or guide employees to adapt new changes in
the organization(Friedrich, 2017).In context to Sainsbury, the managers should focus on

implementing proper leadership through motivating employees in order to encourage and
support them to bring change for the betterment of organization.
 Ineffective communication: Lack of proper communication can act as a major reason
which results in lack of proper implementation of change because of which the
organizations are not able to bring desired changes in the organization. In context to
Sainsbury, if there is no proper communication among various levels of organization then
it can result in misunderstanding within organization and its members. Various negative
outcomes may arise if employees of the organization have lack of idea about the changes
that are implemented or if they have lack of knowledge regarding new ways of doing
things(Gleeson, 2018).
 Lack of clear definition: It is one of the most common barriers which can affect
implementation of change in the organization. In context to Sainsbury, if the company is
not able to draw a clear image of future after implementing change or cannot make clear
understanding of the employees it can affect or create a barrier while implementing
change in the organization or to reach a level for development.
Driving and Resisting Forces that influences Leadership decision making :
The decision making in leadership in any business organization is highly influenced by
restraining or driving forces. These forces have a major influence on decision making process. In
context to Sainsbury, technology acts as a driving force which depicts that organization need to
implement changes in technology in order to achieve its business goals(Jones and Harris, 2020) .
Moreover, an employee of the organization need to learn new ways of technology and working
in order to perform tasks in proper manner. It also influences leadership decision making of
organization because managers need to make use of leadership styles which enables leaders to
guide employees and support employees. In context to Sainsbury, operations acts a restraining
force because it influences leadership decision making when employees do no want to adapt new
changes in the operations of organization which can encourage or motivate them to get a clear
image of changes which are necessary for leaders of the organization to make extra efforts.

TASK 4
P5) Leadership approaches to deal with change in organisation:
Leadership approaches involves classification of how a person behaves when he/she is
leading a group. There are various styles of leadership that are followed in various organizations.
In context to Sainsbury, the company can implement certain leadership approaches to deal
effectively with the changes in the organization.
Situational approach: It involves selecting appropriate leadership style according to the
prevailing situation which can result in better implementation of job and acceleration. In context
to Sainsbury, the company should implement leadership approach according to the situations in
the organisation.
Behavioural approach: This type of approach helps the managers to evaluate and
analyse the behaviour and traits of employees. Employee resistance acts as one of barrier to
change and helps the organization to reduce resistance and implement changes successfully in
the organization. In context to Sainsbury, the managers in order to successfully implement
change need to analyse and evaluate traits and behaviour of employees.
Leadership approach effectiveness:
Democratic approach helps leaders of the company to increase involvement of employees
and create environment that leads to building strong team in order to manage change effectively.
In case of situational approach it helps to build flexible environment in order to make employees
comfortable with the rapid changes in the organisation. In behavioural approach, it helps in
shaping behaviour of employees that can help them to learn new way of working after changes
are implemented(Wiseman and Imig, 2018).
Models of change management:
In order to deal and manage changes, the company can use various models of change
management.
 Lewin's Change management model: It involves three steps such as unfreezing,
changing and refreezing. This change management involves creating a perception
according to the change and then moving forward toward new change, with the desired

level of behaviour and finally accepting new behaviour as norm. In context to Sainsbury,
it is important that leader communicate with employees regarding the ways and reasons
to change. After change stage, its important to ensure communication to ensure everyone
has a proper understanding of the process.
 Kotter's tt-step change model: This model involves focusing more on people and less
on change. It basically focuses on people who are involved in the process of change. In
context to Sainsbury, this model helps the company to involve everyone who are the part
of process or execution of change. The company with the help of transparency, teamwork
and trust can turn resistance into participation.
Change Management Model Effectiveness:
Kotter's model enables organization in explaining the importance of change and
providing drivers to employees in order to enact the changes. In context to Sainsbury, it is
important to use different approach to deal and manage changes in effective manner. These
approaches and model helps the organization to reduce employee resistance and barriers to
change.
Conclusion
Out of above-information, it is concluded that understanding and implementing changes
in business is imperative to ensure sustainability in future. It is analyzed that changes put a great
influence on the strategy and operations of the company. Additionally, there are several internal
and external elements which influence leadership, individual and team behavior. It is monitored
that measures such as motivation, communication and more are undertaken by the organization
to mitigate the negative impact of changes. Furthermore, there is discussion regarding barriers of
changes and their impact on leadership decision making.

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