Understanding of Statistics - Sampling report on Music

This document focus on Statistics and its uses, Probability and Non-Probability Sampling and it also includes a mini-research report done using snowball sampling and convenience sampling. This report is about listening to music, i.e., which category of people listens to more music or types of music people listen to, etc.

Understanding of statistics...............................................................................................................2
Important of Statistics......................................................................................................................2
Usage of statistics in other functional department...........................................................................3
State Management........................................................................................................................3
Accounting and Auditing.............................................................................................................3
Sampling method in mini research..................................................................................................3
Probability sampling........................................................................................................................3
(1)Simple Random Sampling.......................................................................................................4
(2)Systematic Sampling...............................................................................................................4
(3)Stratified Sampling..................................................................................................................4
(4)Cluster Sampling.....................................................................................................................4
(5)Multi-stage sampling...............................................................................................................5
Non-probability sampling................................................................................................................5
(1)Quota Sampling.......................................................................................................................5
(2)Judgmental Sampling..............................................................................................................5
(3)Snowball sampling..................................................................................................................6
(4)Convenience sampling............................................................................................................6
Mini-research report........................................................................................................................6
Methodology of study..................................................................................................................6
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................13
LO1.

Understanding of statistics
Statistics could be study and data manipulation, including research methods, study,
analysis and result. Descriptive and inferential statistics are the two types of statistics. The
characteristics of a collecting data are summarized or described by descriptive statistics. There
are two types of measures in descriptive statistics are measures of central tendency and measures
of variability. The center of a data set is described by measures of central tendency. The
population has a central tendency, and descriptive statistics for mean, median and mode are used.
The dispersion of data within a set is described by measures of variability. Variability population
along the measured characteristics to metrics for range, variance and standard deviation used.
Inferential statistics are tools that statistics use to collect data about the options of a population
based on the type of sample, and to decide how certain they will be in those conclusions’
reliability. (CHAPPELOW, October 05 2021)
Important of Statistics
Statistical expertise help in the collection of data, the application of proper studies, and
the efficient data presentation. Statistics is an important part of how we make scientific
discoveries, make research decisions and summarize. Statistics helps in the knowledge and right
description of acts of nature. In any research topic, statistics help in the efficient business model
of a survey. Statistics help in the present of complex data in a tubular, diagrammatic, and graphic
format for easy and clear comprehension. Through measurement, statistics helps to examine the
nature and pattern of variability in a topic. Statistics helps in making right inferences about
sample size from sample data, and a measure of their quality. (Forst, 2021)
Usage of statistics in other functional department
Statistics are important because we live in an information age and most of that
information is related in mathematical calculations. It means that accurate data and statics ideas
are desired. To be really clear about the value of statistics in our everyday, we’ve got a list of ten
great reasons that we’ve heard on different days. Are here two examples. (Marsh, September 4
2014)
State Management
A country’s statistics are important. Statistics are used to show different state policies.
All administrative decisions now depend entirely on statistical data. Think the government wants

to fix worker pay scales related to an increase in the cost of living and statistical methods are
employed to calculate the cost of living increase. Statistics are used heavily in the preparation of
set by government budgets for people help in building counter flow and income from various
sources. As a result statistics are the eyes of the governmental administration. (emathzone, 2021)
Accounting and Auditing
Without objectivity, accounting is impossible. However, for decision-making reasons,
precision is not needed the decision can be based on guess, sometimes known as statistics. The
purchasing power of money or its current value is used to make corrections the values of existing
assets. Sampling methods are often used in auditing. On the basis of error, an auditor chooses the
sample size to be inspected. (emathzone, 2021)
Sampling method in mini research
There are two types of sampling are probability sampling and non-probability sampling.
To create a sample, probability sampling uses random sampling methods. Non-probability
sampling methods focused on non-random processes like researcher judgment or convenience
sampling. (McCombes, September 19 2019)
Probability sampling
A sampling method have to use some form of random selection to be considered
probability sampling. To put it this way, researchers must create a guide that enables that the
subgroups in their sample population have equal chance of being selected. For example, of a
researcher is dealing with a population of 100 persons, each person has each risk getting chosen.
This is in contrast to the non-probability selection, in which each item in the population does
have a distinct chance of selection. Computers, on the other extreme, are highly being employed
by research to create random numbers for use in random selection. There are five main types of
probability sample. (Alchemer, March 19 2018)
(1)Simple Random Sampling
The simple way of probability sampling is sampling is simple random sampling. To do
simple random sampling, a researcher must first expect that all members of the population are
included on a list, and after subjects are randomly chosen from this list. While simple random

sampling creates samples that are highly representative of the population, collecting large
samples can be hard and difficult. (Alchemer, March 19 2018)
(2)Systematic Sampling
Simple random sampling is related to systematic sampling, but systematic sampling is
usually easier to move out. The difference between any two consecutive values in systematic
random sampling can be compared to an arithmetic progression in which the difference is the
same value. Every person in the population is given a number, instead of randomly assigning at
random, individuals are chosen at regular intervals. Researchers can create samples without
creating a random number generator if they retain systematic random sampling, but the effects
are not as random as they would be if they used a software program instead. (Alchemer, March
19 2018)
(3)Stratified Sampling
Proportional random sampling can be another word for stratified random sampling. In
stratified random sampling, the users are first grouped into gender, education level, and
socioeconomic status. It’s important to remember that these classifications shouldn’t have any
subjects in popular. Researchers then choose the final list of survey questions at random from the
many groups to create a very well sample. When the purpose of the research is to study a similar
sources within a larger population, this way of probability sampling is best. In particular,
compared random sampling, it gives more precise statistics. When designing larger samples,
stratified random sampling creates layers in a sample that are very stable as compared to
representing the layers with the population, but it can be difficult. (Alchemer, March 19 2018)
(4)Cluster Sampling
When the size of population is too large too simple random sampling, cluster random
sampling can be used. Take the problem of studying trends within Africa’s population – the
population is just too large to full of great. The research in cluster random sampling finds
boundaries. Using the example above, their limits would be the various African countries. The
researcher then chooses a number of identified lines at random. It is important to remember that
each of the locations, in this example Africa countries, should have an equal probability chosen.
Cluster random sampling’s main advantages are its efficiency and ease of use, its most

characteristic problem is that researchers will end up with less accurate data if cluster members
are not equal in type. (Alchemer, March 19 2018)
(5)Multi-stage sampling
Multi-stage sampling uses two or more of the pervious section probability sampling
methods. Just using one part of probability sampling in more learned a lot does not ensure the
randomization needed to support respect in results. Researches will maintain confidence that
they are reduce biases as much as possible by analyzing probability sampling methods at various
stages of research projects. (Alchemer, March 19 2018)
Non-probability sampling
Non-probability sampling is classified as a sampling design in which sample is drawn
based on the researcher’s subjective view rather than random selection. That is a more forgiving
policy. The researchers’ skills is highly depending on this sample size. It is carried out by
observation and it is often also used qualitative research. (QuestionPro, 2021)
(1)Quota Sampling
Say that such a researcher wishes to analysis the work goals of male and female
employees in a company. The business includes 500 employees popularly called as the
population. The researcher will only need a sample of population not the perfect population, to
develop a deeper understanding of all that. Also, the researcher is interested in some population
strata. When quota sampling is use for classifying or separating the population. (QuestionPro,
2021)
(2)Judgmental Sampling
The judgmental sampling approach involves researchers choose sampling simply based
from their own reliability. In other words, researchers choose those students who they consider
are acceptable of participate in the program. Judgmental sampling is not a scientific type of data
and the problem is that the results could be modified by the researcher’s preconceived ideas. As
such an outcome, there is still a sense of confusion in this approach. (QuestionPro, 2021)

(3)Snowball sampling
When locating a sample is challenging, snowball sampling assists researchers. When the
sample size is small and the knowledge is tough to obtain by researchers use it. This sample
method operates in a same method as the referral system do. So when studies found good people,
they asks for their help finding other people so that a larger proportion can be created.
(QuestionPro, 2021)
(4)Convenience sampling
Convenience sampling is a non-probability inspect the product which the samples are
drawn from the population only on the account that local convenience to the researcher. The
researcher selects these samples mainly because they are easiest to recruit and they did not
consider choosing a sample which is representative of a population. (QuestionPro, 2021)
LO2.
Mini-research report
If a song is released, it will certify the type of music that should be approved. It should
be music that teenagers enjoy, according to the theme.
Methodology of study
The data the survey was gathered using a non-probability data method. This survey is done using
snowball sampling and convenience sampling.
Gender Frequency Relative
Frequency
Percentage
relative frequency Degree
Female 16 0.53 53 192
Male 14 0.47 47 168
Total 30 1 100 360

Female
53%
Male
47%
Pie Chart for Gender
Female Male
Figure 1
In this figure,
Girls are more likely to listen to music. Boys, they believe are more insane.
Age Class
boundaries Frequency Relative
frequency
Percentage
relative
Frequency
Mid-Point FX
17-18 16.5-17.5 12 0.4 40.0 25.3 303
19-20 18.5-19.5 10 0.3 33.3 28.3 283
21-22 20.5-21.5 5 0.2 16.7 31.3 156
23-24 22.5-23.5 3 0.1 10.0 34.3 103
30 1 100 119.0 845
Mean 28.2

16.5-17.5 18.5-19.5 20.5-21.5 22.5-23.5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
12
10
5
3
Hsitogram for age
Class Bounderies
Frequency
Figure 2
In this figure,
Humans of Generation Z are now listening to more music. Music is being listened to
more by young people between the ages of 17 and 18. Music has become a center of relaxing for
them.
Occupation Frequency relative Frequency Percentage
relative frequency Degree
Business man 1 0.03 3.3 12
Intern 2 0.07 6.7 24
Student 27 0.90 90.0 324
Total 30 1 100 360

1 2
27
Pie Chart for Occupati on
Business man Intern Student
Figure 3
In this Figure,
Students are more likely than the employers to listen to music. They want to perform
their own songs in front of an audience and believe that this is the strongest way for them to
show their objectives. Business and Intern are less likely to listen to music so they are bored of
working for a living but sometimes they listen to music to relax.
Genre Frequency relative
frequency
Percentage
relative frequency Degree
COUNTRY MUSIC 1 0.03 3.33 12
EDM 3 0.10 10.00 36
HIP-HOP 4 0.13 13.33 48
POP 16 0.53 53.33 192
punk rock 2 0.07 6.67 24
ROCK 4 0.13 13.33 48

Total 30 1 100 360
1
3
4
16
2
4
Pie Chart for Genre
COUNTRY MUSIC EDM HIP-HOP POP punk rock ROCK
Figure 4
In this figure,
People are much more likely to enjoy pop music, according to the survey, as it makes
them feel better cheerful and fresh. Pop song, however, are more successful in terms of music.
However, when people’s tastes change all the time, it’s essential to use the tastes of the musician
who create the music.
Local Favorite singer/Band frequency relative
frequency
Percentage
relative
frequency
Degree
Idiots 11 0.37 36.7 132
Kyar Pouk 6 0.20 20.0 72
Sai Htee Saing 5 0.17 16.7 60
Snare 8 0.27 26.7 96
Total 30 1 100 360

11
6
5
8
Pie Chart For Local Favourite Singer/Band
Idiots Kyar Pouk Sai Htee Saing Snare
Figure 5
In this figure,
People are more supportive of Idiots, according to this survey, when Idiots
produces music that appeal to the youth. Idiots songs give to listeners not only the pleasure but
also lesson of life. Many song was supposed to launch on idiots but Raymond the main singer,
died of flu but they are certain of their band will continue. Even if Raymond is no longer alive,
the songs that made live on. Raymond will always be remembered in the hearts of everyone
because he was born and died in the military.
Favorite Song frequency Relative frequency percentage relative
frequency
A lo m shi 5 0.17 16.7
A yay kyi phy 4 0.13 13.3
Br lo ny ty ll 4 0.13 13.3
Kabar ma kyay bu 5 0.17 16.7
Kyout khit 8 0.27 26.7
Lin khay a win 2 0.07 6.7
Radio Kamaryut 2 0.07 6.7

total 30 1 100
A lo m shi A yay kyi phy Br lo ny ty ll Kabar ma kyay
bu
Kyout khit Lin khay a win Radio
Kamaryut
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5
4 4
5
8
2 2
Bar Chart for favourite song
Favourite Song
Frequency
Figure 6
In this figure,
Because of horrible condition in the country these days and people’s desire to revolt,
people are more likely to select the song Kyuot Khit in this survey. People must listen to this
music and remain strong in order to maintain that rebellious spirit.
Hours Frequency Relative
frequency
Percentage relative
frequency
Mid-
point
class
boundaries FX
1-3 12 0.40 40.0 1.75 0.5-2.5 21
4-6 10 0.33 33.3 6.25 3.5-5.5 62.5
7-9 5 0.17 16.7 10.75 6.5-8.5 53.75
10-12 3 0.10 10.0 15.25 9.5-11.5 45.75
30 1 100 34 183
Mean 6.1

1-3 4-6 7-9 10-12
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
12
10
5
3
Histogram for hours
Hours
Frequency
Figure 7
In this figure,
People are more likely to listen to music for 1 to 3 hours, according to this survey. People
enjoy listening to it. While studying, people listen to it. People listen to it while completing
chores at home. Because they are crazy, some of them listen to music for long periods at a time.
Recommendation
The music industry should be develop outside of the Country. Popular music genres must
be included within music genres. Even of an artist have produced a Musical Masterpiece, They
should not stop but instead keep on producing more and more. Nowadays, most of the songs
include the rude words. This doesn’t the appropriate for young adult to listen that song. So, the
music industry need to classify the music upon the ages.
References
Alchemer, March 19 2018. Alchemer. [Online]
Available at: https://www.alchemer.com/resources/blog/probability-sampling/
[Accessed 10 December 2021].

CHAPPELOW, J., October 05 2021. Investopedia. [Online]
Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/statistics.asp
[Accessed 10 December 2021].
emathzone, 2021. emathzone. [Online]
Available at: https://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/basic-statistics/importance-of-statistics-in-
different-fields.html
[Accessed 10 December 2021].
Forst, J., 2021. Statistics By Jim. [Online]
Available at: https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/importance-statistics/
[Accessed 10 December 2021].
Marsh, J., September 4 2014. Medium.com. [Online]
Available at: https://medium.com/@john_marsh7/10-awesome-reasons-why-statistics-are-important-
96b87e283640
[Accessed 10 December 2021].
McCombes, S., September 19 2019. Scribbr. [Online]
Available at: https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/sampling-methods/
[Accessed 10 December 2021].
QuestionPro, 2021. QuestionPro. [Online]
Available at: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/non-probability-sampling/
[Accessed 10 December 2021].