Understanding Challenging Behaviour and Intervention

The provided document is an assignment that delves into the complexities of challenging behavior, its manifestations in various settings, and the importance of understanding and addressing it. The assignment incorporates diverse sources, including books, journals, and online materials, to provide a holistic view of the topic. It also includes references from reputable sources, such as the World Health Organization and academic journals, to ensure the accuracy and credibility of the information presented. The document is suitable for students in health and social care fields who are interested in learning about challenging behavior and effective intervention strategies.

UNDERSTANDING
SPECIFIC NEED IN HEATH
AND SOCIAL CARE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Health, disability and illness concept in context of health and social care services.............1
1.2 Change in the perception of specific need over time............................................................2
1.3 Impact of legislature society and culture on the availability of services..............................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Care needs of people with specific needs.............................................................................4
2.2 Current system for supporting individual with specific needs..............................................5
2.3 Service available in chosen locality for individuals with specific needs..............................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Approaches and interventions to support individuals with specific needs...........................7
3.2 Effectiveness of intervention activities.................................................................................8
3.3 Potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals with specific needs
.....................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Concepts of challenging behaviour.....................................................................................10
4.3 Strategies for working with challenging people behaviours...............................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care industry has been emerging as the leading industry in current
times with growing awareness of well being of health and increasing difficulty in living give the
needed boost to this industry to grow. It provides support and care for people with special needs
and different ability. It provides health and social care for people who are impaired, disabled and
could not do there work on their own.
The current report discuss health and social care industry its definition and perception
while giving detail study of needs of people and role health care play to meet there requirement
in context of cited firm. Furthermore, different approaches and health care intervention are
evaluated and there effectiveness in context of case are discussed. Challenges and strategies are
also mentioned here.
TASK 1
1.1 Health, disability and illness concept in context of health and social care services
Health and social care services have many terms and concepts. Health and social care
concept depict that that service provider of this industry should be cleared and understand what
this industry is about to provide there services in best and perfect way (Lowes and Hulatt, 2013)
The person who provide this services need to behave in target and certain manner. The
objectives of these services can be harmed through the misconception and misunderstanding of
concept related to illness, disability and health. The concept of disability, illness and health are
mentioned below in the reference of health care services.
Disability:
In simple words it can be defined as loss of sensory function. It can also be explained as
those people who have sensory impairment for long time it can be physical mental or
intellectual. These issue may cause hindrance to people and stop them from effective and full
participation in society on equal basis. WHO has also identified various implication of this
which include impairment, limitation of activity etc. International labour organisation has
declared that only those people will be declared as disabled who are assessed and determined by
medical practitioner (World Health Organization, 2014). It necessary for healthcare services to
tackle these people with care and make sure that they do not feel inferior.
1

Health:
Health means the well being of a person it can be both physically and mentally. WHO
has defined health as a state where a person is well not merely when it is free of infirmity and
disease but also if its mentally, physically and socially well. According WHO a person is in ill
health until the disease is cured at that time person is considered to have temporary poor
condition or defect which affect there mental and social health (World Health Organization,
2014). Peter was physically abused it was clear from the postmortem result that child was
physically abused and needed proper health care and attention, it also comes to forward that the
abuse was done not recently but was going through long time
Illness:
On the basis of perception and emotion illness vary from person to person (Rogers and
Pilgrim, 2014). It plays important role in diagnosing the sickness and disease. The way a person
monitor there body, interpret different symptoms, take action for the remedy and use different
way and health care system are defined as illness.
Behavioural Issue:
Sometime a person can face serious mental illness such as depression due to behavioural
change. In simple words we can say that it's a transformation in the attitude of individual. It fill
the mental perception of a person with negativity which not only affect the health of person but
also increase the aggressiveness of person toward other.
1.2 Change in the perception of specific need over time
The belief and value of people are changing as they are moving toward the newer world.
With this advancement there is a great change in the perception of people. People has started
seeing specific needs in new light. Time has taken the drastic turn gone was the time when there
were act like asylum and poor law act where this disabled people were mistreated and were put
under poor house with no opportunity to talk to other people (Bowling, 2014). There have been
growing awareness regarding people with specific needs. World is more understanding toward
them and realize that these individuals are more vulnerable to harm exploitation and abuse
comparatively to other people in society. Society also recognize that if correct measures are not
taken in there account it can have life threatening consequences which can be physically or
2

psychological. It also impacts on there human right access and well being. Important measures
are also taken into consideration which can help these people in getting better access to
communication channel, this channel will help them in getting there need known and reach
higher authorities through which they can get appropriate help in time. This changes motivate
these people so that age, disability, stigma doesn't become a barrier to them from reaching
appropriate help (White, 2016). With new conviction many companies agreed on providing
proper support and help to these people. With introduction of assistive system these people get
access to public space. This changes were brought to make sure that there is no more
discrimination in society based on disability. In current time many care homes and NGO are
open which provide help to the people help in need. But there are still not that understanding to
the situation and doesn't pay much attention to them. The organisation if had taken correct action
at the correct time than it would have saved the life of peter. Police authority and hospital
authority were very lenient with the case of peter they did not pay much attention on the child
and give back the child back to his abusive mother.
1.3 Impact of legislature society and culture on the availability of services
Laws and regulation play important part in the way through which services are made
available to people. Many laws are initiated by government to make life little better for the
people in need. The parent of baby p were taken under law for not providing the child with basic
care proceedings. This shows that laws and regulations are made to make sure that people do not
get discriminate in the society and special attention are provided on there needs (MacDonald,
M., 2013). There has been continuous amendment in law and regulation to make it more
favourable foe people in needs. It has change the outer look of this industry. There are many
laws which government has implemented which provide services to not only disabled people but
also people in general. For instance health insurance policies, this not only take care of health
care needs of people but also made this provision affordable and cheaper for people.
 There are many other acts which government has implemented such as human right act
1998 which enable that every human have right to be treated equally with respect and
dignity, it also includes people with special needs.
3

 There is direct payment act, where Govt. directly provide money to people in need this
include old and disabled people who needed this money to pay for the medical and social
service they receive.
 Disability discrimination act 2005 this act protect disabled people from any form of
discrimination like banning blind people from employment, harassment etc. (Astrow and
et. al., 2017)
 Health and social care act it includes every form of personal care and assistance to people
are in need of such care it includes illness, disability, age, pregnancy, childbirth etc.
 The children act 2004 this act work for the welfare and education of children. It helps
local authority and other entity to work officially in the interest and benefits of children.
For the safe guarding of young vulnerable people govt. has set up charity that
assist these children who are in need. The child protection services of Haringey and other
agencies were responsible for the proper care of baby Peter. There was violation of human right
act, social care acts and children care act which assure the security of child. Peter was not
provided with healthy envt that is necessary for proper growth in addition to it child was also
physically abused which questioned the security of child. The Govt. had taken important
measure to reduce the threat to child health and provide better envt. to them. Social policy of
society ensures that all the govt. Services and benefits are available to people with needs. There
impact on society and people cannot be ignored (Barnes, 2014).
TASK 2
2.1 Care needs of people with specific needs
People with specific needs are mostly oppressed or deprived from there basic human
rights its necessary to provide or handle them with intensive and extra care people related to
health and social care should show concerned to these people. Special attention is needed to be
paid on the needs of people as this needs vary from people to people. There are several types of
care that has come forward (Hughes, 2015). The care provide to blind people is quite different
from the care which was required by baby Peter who was suffering from physical abuse and
autism. Its necessary to understand the needs of this people so that they could be provided with
the best way. Needs doesn't only mean physical but also include social, intellectual, emotional,
sexual etc.
4

According the given case the need of baby P was quite different what he requires was the
good environment which is necessary for the proper growth of child. Peter was only 17 month
old that requires proper attention that include security, food and nutrition and proper security to
grow. The child was suffering from ignorance and regular abuse, its necessary for health and
social care services to understand his need and take appropriate measures to help him. Social
care people needed to provide baby with care where they provide him with nutritious food,
healthy environment since parents were not ready to take care of his daily need care system need
to perform basic function for him like washing his clothes, taking bath etc. to maintain his
hygiene. The baby also require medical care and physiotherapy for all the abuse. The needs of
child include special care program and medical facility for autism, vaccination and regular
medical check-up (Jones, 2014). It shows that every individual have their own need and its
necessary to understand them.
2.2 Current system for supporting individual with specific needs
The Govt. of UK has established diverse health strategies and models so that they can
promote health care services at wider and much bigger level. For better care of people its
necessary for these services to follow all the strategies and model that are regulated by the
government (Williams and et. al., 2015). These strategies assist them in providing better
treatment.
There are many strategies one of them is Special education need (SEN) programme it
provides special education system to those people who are not able to follow the standard
educational system. It's newly developing programme initiated by organisation in order to help
people with special needs. This method promotes new and effective way of learning which can
be useful to people.
In the case study it was mentioned that Peter was given to his relatives this is another
regulation of Govt. where if parents are unable to take care of there children than Govt. pass that
children to the relatives or friends that are to take care the needs of child. This system is known
as family centred support provided to baby. This enable the child to leave among family.
Community engagement and health promotion strategic frame work are two ways through which
Govt. works. In community engagement, government engage local authority in official
intervention for child needs. It works on creating a trust between service user and local
5

community so that the people can get proper treatment and there can be improvement in health
care process (Glover and et. al., 2014). In case of baby P the community fail which cost the life
of child, if correct action was taken at right time result would be something else. Health
promotion strategic framework mode implement well structured policy that can play significant
role in health promotion and work to enhance the health condition of user.
2.3 Service available in chosen locality for individuals with specific needs
Government has make sure that several services are made available in localities so that
no mishap happen and people get require care and assistance in time, despite this service care
industry are facing issue which hindrance them from providing better services to people (Maag,
2016).
In case of baby P the medical authority of Haringey had taken right action. The general
practitioner at hospital recognize that the bruise was because of abuse done by the care taker,
seeing that he contact the legal authority and appropriate action were taken against the parents of
Peter. This shows that how medical services of Haringey were effective in carrying out there
duties and legal authorities were also working efficiently. This also shows that primary care have
responsibility to provide primary care to people so that instant help could be provided to people.
Special care was also provided to the parent of Peter who later found to be mentally
impair. Government provided them with psychiatrist care and psychotherapy for getting better
though the services were not used by parents but it shows that government is taking essential
step in right direction to meet the need of people.
Despite taking the right action the end result was not expected because of differenced in
social aspect and improper information about diverse health issues impact the effectiveness of
services (Maag, 2016). It can also be said that the services provided in Haringey area need
proper management and monitoring if the mental care services of the place had been more
organise and effective it would haver save the life of baby and could also provide better
treatment to parents.
TASK 3
3.1 Approaches and interventions to support individuals with specific needs
Approaches are initial steps taken in the process while intervention are those actions
taken between the process in order to improve the situation. There are many approaches and
6

intervention are set in order to support and help people with need. There are many approaches
that can be used for people with specific needs such as support, self assurance, therapy
autonomy, empowerment etc. (Murray and et. al., 2017). The professional of health care support
such people so that there health can be improved. Moreover, firms can use form to provide
assistance to these people such as attitude, behaviour, policies etc. Its also essential to stop the
discrimination against the disabled people. Health care sector can use evidence based practice
which evaluate the effectiveness of treatment through various outcome. Through this various
responsibilities toward the social need could be filled.
Some major approaches and intervention suggested by National autistic society are mentioned
below:
Alternative and Augmentative Communication: It consists of any other form of communication
a person can use if he is not able to use standard form of communication that is through speech.
Behavioural and development intervention: This include large and diverse education strategy
that can help the patient in their learning. It includes different form of teaching that help the
person in learning.
Drug therapy: It provides a person with an opportunity to accept in taking steps toward the
recovery. It a structured, solution oriented process that is undertaken in order to persude
someone who has problem or addiction and need help in over coming it.
In all of this it ha determined that the cognitive therapy as the effective and important
intervention in order to deal with the strategy which is helpful in order to stimulating the senses.
This kind of the system can work to active the neurons body system of the people. With the help
of this kind of the intervention strategies the person is able to improve his condition in the better
and effective manner. With the help of the pre determined approaches and strategies the perosn
is able to deal with the task in the effective and efficient manner. This kind of the intervention
strategies are helpful in order to cope up with the disease like dementia.
HL was the person with special need he was not able to talk and could not do the basic
task such as taking bath, what he required was the basic care which was provided to him by Mr
and Mrs. E which not only help HL in taking care but also help him in improving and gaining
confidence in himself. Instead of retaining him in mental care, special care was needed for his
7

growth. He was suffering from down syndrome, learning difficulties instead of being hard on
institute needed the new approach to handle these people they could provide him with speech
therapy, psychologist or physiotherapy to maintain his level of health which also lead to
improvement. The Bournewood hospital were very hard with these people instead of getting
treatment they were being discriminate and abused which had adversely effected the mentality of
person.
Illustration 1: Intervention activity
(source: Intervention Concept, 2017)
3.2 Effectiveness of intervention activities
Intervention activities available in health care organisation has big impact on lives of
people with specific needs. This approaches band activities provide these people with confidence
and allow them to be more empowered and independent. This activity increases the authority and
autonomy of service user (Yardley and et. al., 2015). The innovative system and technology that
are made available to these people make there life easy and improve the quality of life.
In current time there are many intervention activities that are implemented to help people
. SEN is a great example of intervention activity that is available for service user. This activity
8

uses different approaches to teach people with different learning ability. This help people in
getting professional qualification in there area of interest. This also help them in getting
employment opportunity which help them in getting financially independent.
There is another intervention known as physical intervention where firm work to improve the
physical strength of patients it includes combined therapy which help in enhancing the physical
condition of people.
In the case of HL the resettlement scheme can be taken as intervention activity where Mr.
E brought HL to there home from Bourne wood hospital because of the improper way,
vulnerable people were treated under British law. Through this settlement HL get chance to
leave in family environment that help him in gaining better leaving condition and confidence.
The government introduction of new deprivation of liberty safeguard can also count as
intervention activity which work to improve the lifestyle quality of disabled people under British
law. Its clear how well this intervention activity are working and how effective they are in
changing the traditional norms and view of society. This activity has been effective in improving
the condition of the people with special needs. In this manner there are following approaches are
included such are as-
Physical intervention- with the help of this there can be inclusion of the appropriate exercise and
various therapies so that person can work effectively. With the help of the external appliance the
person is able to work in more appropriate manner. This kind of activity will b helpful in relation
to restoring the lost function and keep maintain the physical status of the person.
Psychological intervention- With the help of this technique the person can able to develop the
positive attitude in his life. This therapy is very helpful in relation to treating the various kind of
the issues such are as treating depression, personality changes and anxiety etc.
Education intervention- it is also important to provide the specific and relevant health
information about the each thing so that correct status of the health can be find out. The proper
information can be collect if there is good communication between the health care and the
particular person. Person is having the right to know each status about his health.
Vocational intervention- in this person is making many kinds of the efforts in order to promote
the good vocational training which will helpful for him to get over from the disability. This kind
9

of the activities will be helpful for him in relation to earn something himself for him. With the
help of this the person is able to earn his own basic livelihood.
Hence, it can be said that the main object behind this approach is to restore the phycial,
psychological and social potential of the person. This kind of technique will help him to get the
normal life once again.
3.3 Potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals with specific needs
Lots of development and advancement are made in health and social care industry. This
development has great impact on the support and services that are provided to the people in need
.There has been great development in both medical and social facility. There has been great
change in medical facility, development in technologies, and changes in regulation and
legislature has great impact on the working of this industry. The biggest impact this development
has had on the perception of people (White, 2016). It brought major change in the view of the
disabled people in communities as well as universally. Other than this government is also
bringing major change in this industry by introducing different policies which can facilitate
people with needs and amend the perception of society about these people. The development is
not possible through only policies and amendments. For proper development its necessary for
the worker of health and social care department to be more active in there work so that it can
reduce bad condition and problem of people with needs. Furthermore, There are no. of issue that
can take place in this sector that can effect the development and services provide by this sector.
 Choice and preference
 service dilemma and policies
 right versus protection of other and self
 alleviation of needs versus remedial therapy
Development can have following potential impact
Through the participation of large group society will be in benefited
 Create employment and other opportunity for special people.
10

 Increase the role of disabled people in socio-economic development by providing them
with professional education
 People with special need get physically and mentally benefited.
TASK 4
4.1 Concepts of challenging behaviour
It can be defined as behaviour that are culturally abnormal of such frequency, intensity or
duration that place the safety of the person or other in serious endangerment. In simple words
challenging behaviour can be defined as that type of behaviour that limit, stop person from
having the access of ordinary community services (Barnes, 2014). A person can face no. of
challenges regarding the behaviour such as temper, display of anger, aggressive behaviour,
inappropriate sexual behaviour in public, self harming like head butting, hitting, cutting etc. it
also includes behaviour directed at property like stealing, throwing object etc. and stereotyped
behaviour like melancholia or repetitive rocking. Physical or mental illness can be reason behind
such a unusual behaviour other than this physical impairment, learning disability or brain injury
can also lead to this type of behaviour.
There are three concepts regarding the challenging behaviour first is pre scientific or
superstitious belief where people have view that the reason behind unusual behaviour of people
is superstitious power which compel people to behave in certain manner. Second is biological
belief which is based on logic and biological factors keeping this factor in mind medical services
and facilities are provided to people in need. Last social construction in these people are treated
as normal person it just they have other need and different kind of behaviour.
It can be said that behaviour change has great impact on the health condition of person as
it can be abusive and unacceptable. There was major shift in the behaviour of HL after coming
from hospital, before he uses to make silent communication with Mr. and Mrs E but after
coming from hospital he does nothing but eat and sleep Mrs. E had some hunches that he was
also involved in self harm. This type of negative impact on the mind and psychology of person
can have negative impact on the physical as well as mental health of person.
11

Illustration 2: Challenging behaviour
(Source:Understanding Challenging Behaviour, 2017)
4.2 Potential impact of challenging behaviour on health and social care organizations
Challenging behaviour has great impact and implication on the services provided by
health and social care organisation. Challenging behaviour not only impact the person himself
but also have adverse effect on the staff taking care of that person. It can also have legal impact,
unnecessary expense, frustration among employee, work stress, employee turnover etc. (Glover
and et. al., 2014). When there are lot of behaviour challenged people employees and worker of
this sector has to provide extra support for assisting and taking care of them. Since these people
are harder and difficult to tackle, the care worker need to pay special attention to them and
understand there needs in order to gain. Any negative impact on the working of employees will
affect the overall performance of organisation. It creates obstacle for the service provider and
12

they are not able to help them properly. This behaviour have major impact on the service user as
they remain aloof and could not take proper benefits of services provided to them. The impact
of challenging behaviour on social care organisation are as follows:
 It may demotivate the worker from performing there best.
 Employees can find it difficult to cope up with the behaviour of client and user of health
care services.
 Organisation may become reluctant in taking the new job or may overthink befor taking
the case of challenging behaviour patient.
4.3 Strategies for working with challenging people behaviours
The health and social care services of UK pay special attention to the people with
challenging behaviour hence government has introduced different policies and law which can
facilitate these people. These policies ensure that every individual necessities are being fulfilled.
For efficient working its necessary for firm to put more emphasis on policies, code of practices,
legislation etc. (Murray and et. al., 2017) With the help and more focus on code of practice the
health care firm can easily meet the responsibility and need of the service user. This also
encourage people to provide best services to those in need.
It also provides better understanding of people with need and also help worker to
understand there roles and responsibilities which are associated with health care practices.
Training has also been included in these strategies a proper learning is given to worker so that
they can manage there patient well and deal with different condition presented to them. In order
to work with people with challenging behaviour its necessary of the care taker to maintain a
caring connection between him and the patient. If a person have good relationship with their
patients than it help them in understanding their attitude. For instance their likes, dislike, their
temperament, what make them lose their calm etc. Knowing them well help caretaker in
avoiding situation which can have adverse effect. It also flourishes the patients and enhance their
self esteem.
Physical environment: Depending on the external environment, it can extract both positive and
negative behaviour from the patients. The care taker need to pay special attention to the
environment and make sure that the patients is not uncomfortable for instance the crowded
13

places and many people can lead to the frustration and aggressive behaviour. So its necessary of
the caretaker to take notice the environment around the patients. For efficient working its
necessary to make amendment in policies and strategies with time so that it can meet the
expectation of new trend. Before making or implementing these strategies its also necessary to
see that its friendly to both worker and also the service user.
In this it can be said that the various kind of the strategies is need to be taken which will be
helpful in relation to provide the good care to the person. There are the various things such are as
legislation, policies, code of practices and procedure this kind of the all activities will make the
specific regulation for the social care person. With the help of this the confidence and trust of the
public can be build. In this social care worker will be providing the appropriate training. The
main object behind developing this kind of the strategies is that each person can able to receive
the good amount of care and he should be treated individual and respectfully.
In this it can be said that the legal partnership will be helpful in relation to get the positive
outcome. With the help of this extra care to the person is need to be provided. Theses kind of the
partnership will be included of the various kind of the things such are as-
 To have identification of the agreed pools of resources.
 With the help of this the leadership process can be effective.
 The extra attention is need to be paid on the attitude and mutual trust of the person.
 Effective determination of the agreed boundaries.
 It is essential to know about the specific shift of the policies.
 The principles and values is need to understand.
The successful partnership will be work effectively if there is various kind of the resources
which can develop the thing in the organised manner. IN this various code and ethics polices are
need to frame so that person can able to get the good care. The legal authorities is taking various
initiative step in relation to improve the service of the health care organisation. With the help of
the better polices the future need of the person can able to full-filled. In this manner it can be
true to said that the social work is need to provide the good care to the person.
14

CONCLUSION
The above report present detail study about health and social care and its growing
importance in current time. It discusses how special needs are provided to required people so
that there life can be made more comfortable and it also works to enhance the quality of there
life. It differentiates between illness, health and disability and provide proper definition for
proper understanding. The changing perception has also been mentioned before most people
have negative image about these people but with time people are becoming aware about there
problem and working to create better environment for them. Furthermore, it discusses the
different legislature and policies implemented by govt, that help these people. It also divulges in
the concept of challenging behaviour.
15

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Astrow, A. B. and et. al., 2017. Spiritual Needs and Perception of Quality of Care and
Satisfaction with Care in Oncology Patients: a Multi-cultural Assessment. Journal of
Pain and Symptom Management.
Barnes, C., 2014. . A brief history of discrimination and disabled people.
Bowling, A., 2014. Research methods in health: investigating health and health services.
McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Glover, G. and et. al., 2014. Use of medication for challenging behaviour in people with
intellectual disability.
Hughes, B., 2015. Disabled people as counterfeit citizens: the politics of resentment past and
present. Disability & Society. 30(7). pp.991-1004.
Jones, R., 2014. The story of Baby P: Setting the record straight. Policy Press.
Lowes, L. and Hulatt, I. eds., 2013. Involving service users in health and social care research.
Routledge.
Maag, J. W., 2016. Behavior management: From theoretical implications to practical
applications. Cengage Learning.
MacDonald, M., 2013. Health promotion and young prisoners: a European perspective.
International Journal of Prisoner Health. 9(3). pp. 151-164.
Murray, K. E. and et. al., 2017. Culturally adapting a physical activity intervention for Somali
women: the need for theory and innovation to promote equity. Translational behavioral
medicine. 7(1). pp.6-15.
Rogers, A. and Pilgrim, D., 2014. A sociology of mental health and illness. McGraw-Hill
Education (UK).
White, K., 2016. An introduction to the sociology of health and illness. Sage.
16

Williams, S. and et. al., 2015. Exploring Carers’ Judgements of Responsibility and Control in
Response to the Challenging Behaviour of People with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal
of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 28(6). pp.589-593.
World Health Organization, 2014. Social determinants of mental health. World Health
Organization.
Yardley, L. and et. al., 2015. The person-based approach to intervention development:
application to digital health-related behavior change interventions. Journal of medical
Internet research. 17(1).
Online
Dana Childress, 2017. Intervention concept. Available Through: <
http://veipd.org/earlyintervention/2014/12/09/shaking-up-the-typical-intervention-visit/>.
[Accessed on: 7th October 2017].
Peter McGill, 2017. Understanding Challenging Behaviour. Available Through: <
http://www.challengingbehaviour.org.uk/learning-disability-files/01--Understanding-
Challenging-Behaviour-Part-1-web.pdf>. [Accessed on: 7th October 2017].
17