Perceptions of Health, Disability, Illness and Behaviour - Assignment

Understanding Specific Needs
in Health and Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Concepts of disability, illness and behaviour in relation to care services users...............3
1.2 Changes occurs in perceptions of specific needs over time.............................................4
1.3 Impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on ways of providing services for
individuals with specific needs...............................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Care needs of individuals with specific needs..................................................................6
2.2 Current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs......................................7
2.3 Evaluating availability of services in selected locality for individuals with specific needs. 8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Approaches and interventions available to support individuals with specific needs......8
3.2 Effectiveness of intervention strategies for an individual with specific needs................9
3.3 Potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals........................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Different concepts of challenging behaviour.................................................................10
4.2 Potential impact of challenging behaviour on health & social care organisations.........11
4.3 Strategies for working with challenging behaviours......................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Health & social care refers to a broad sector including medical services and other care
facilities for improving proper well-being of people. It involves the criteria of providing different
types of medical facilities and treatment in order to sort out health problems properly. However,
every patient has their own specific needs which are required to be focused by care professionals
while diagnosing and preparing care plan to provide appropriate medical facilities to them for
their wellness (Rogers and Eliott, 2018). Moreover, it consist team work with proper
coordination and cooperation while dealing with particular health problems of an individuals to
make them well-being. The present report is based on case study of patient named Hannah
having a physical disability due to which she prefer to use a wheelchair. She is a busy, bright
lady who lover her life and everything that she can pack into it and her wheelchair survival do
not stop her to enjoy life. This assignment will focus on changes in perceptions of specific needs
and approaches & interventions to support an individual. It will also include potential impacts of
emerging developments and different concepts of challenging behaviours.
TASK 1
1.1 Concepts of disability, illness and behaviour in relation to care services users
The health problems consist disabilities, illness and behaviour of an individual which
defines different types of issues. It involves the fact that every different health problem has their
own specific diagnosing methods and treatment procedure in order to address actual medical
needs of particular patient for making them well-being. However, it includes disability, illness,
injuries and behaviour problems which are required medical services in order to sort out them. In
addition to this, there are different types of disease, infections, injuries and disabilities which can
be solved by specific treatment procedure to make patient well-being (Glasby, 2017).
Disability – This can be described as a situation or function judged to be significantly
impaired relative to general standards of an individual or a group. It includes several impairment
such as physical, sensory, cognitive, intellectual impairment mental illness and types of chronic
disease. However, disabilities are related to several aspects including hearing, vision, thinking,
learning, movement, mental health, remembering, communicating and social relationships.
Illness – The Illness is known as a condition in which body or mind is harmed because an
organ or parts unable to work normally due to presence of disease or sickness. It can be

considered as an experience of unhealth which is entirely personal, interior to the person of the
patient. Meanwhile, illness take place due to different types of health issue such as diabetes,
heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, cancer, kidney disease and many more.
Behaviours – This includes different types of behavioural abnormalities that take place
due to which behaviour of an individuals become strange or abnormal. Basically, such problems
occurs in cases of mental health problems which impacts on psychological status of a person.
However, it involves number of or such issue including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder,
post traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, Alzeimer's disease, obsessive compulsive disorder
and so on (Söderqvist, Sjöblom and Bülow, 2016). In addition to this, it consist some
behavioural disorder like inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, drug abuse, defiant behaviour
and criminal activity.
In context of given case of Hannah, she has a disability of moving so that she prefer to
use wheelchair to move herself. It has a physical disability but she an active person and want to
enjoy every moment of her life. However, Hannah has a positive attitude towards her life due
which she become team member of Prince's Trust in Eastbourne.
1.2 Changes occurs in perceptions of specific needs over time
In context of Hannah, she has a physical disability but she is very confident and love to
participate in every activity which is organised by Trust. Meanwhile, people observe her
disability and discriminate her from other individuals rather than providing support (Little and
Mount, 2018). People do not behave properly and do not want to even talk to such people who
has some kind of disease or disability which impacts negatively on condition of patients.
The perceptions of an individuals depends upon several factors including stigma,
discrimination, oppression and rights. It involve the thoughts and awareness about own and other
rights of an individuals which facilitate them to treat other person and make perceptions about
their desires. At the other hand, attitudes of an individuals get changed over the period of time in
context of several components like historical perspectives, social & political improvements
and technological advances. Past perceptions consist that disable people has been rejected by
society and behave with a negative attitude with them which is really terrible for these patients.
However, it also involves some of cultures are responsible to facilitate rejection of disable
individuals which results into more uncomfortable situation of these persons. Present
perceptions includes improve education which make people understand the problems of people

like Hannah and morally support them in their lives. Meanwhile, currently, citizens do not reject
them and get influenced by past beliefs to improve them which is favourable for lives of patients
with disability. Initially, previous bad experiences of an individuals make them learn to think
positive and avoid risky aspects which modify the attitudes towards positivity which is beneficial
in health & social care. For example, people has a perception that Hannah is physically disable
and she cannot do anything but her actual spirit and confidence make her much capable to
become a team member of Prince Trust due to her active participations on social activities by
enjoying life (Bookey‐Bassett and et. al., 2017). Additionally, improvements in societal thinking
and technical advancements are also helpful to improve perceptions of people regarding health
issue and patients with them which are favourable for sick people to improve their condition.
1.3 Impact of legislation, social policy, society and culture on ways of providing services for
individuals with specific needs
In context of given case, Prince's Trust follow overall legislations, social and cultural
norms while providing facilities to Hannah and other patients which can be determined from
statement of Hannah. Some of legislations and social policies are described here.
Legislations – This involves number of legal rules related to health and social care which
are mandatory for every hospital and care institution to follow while providing care and other
administrative aspects. It includes several legislations such as Human Rights Act 1998, Carers
(equal opportunities) Act 2004, Disability discrimination Act 2005, The Health & social care act
2008, data protection act and many more. Initially, Human Rights acts state that care
professional should take permission of patient before conducting any clinical practice by
informing them about the same. Secondly, cares act consist to gather equal opportunities by
professional to improve skills in order to increase patient outcomes. Thirdly, Disability
discrimination act helps to save disable people from partial behaviour of other people due to
which they get appropriate care services for improving their actual situation. However, Health &
social care act guide care professionals to conduct appropriate clinical practices for welfare of
patient. Moreover, Data protection act foster professionals to ensure security of patient
information so that it cannot be misused by another person. In context of Hannah, care
institutions should obey overall desired legal norms because they facilitate to take correct actions
for wellness of her (Orthwein, 2017). Legislations facilitate to select correct methods to provide
appropriate medical services for betterment of the patient.

Social policies & Cultural norms – The social policies & cultural norms are responsible
for ensuring ethical principles to be obeyed by healthcare professionals. It involves number of
ethical principles including reflects changes in attitudes & practices, inclusion, policies,
community care initiatives, recent and emerging change (Kattari and Hasche, 2016). Firstly,
policies and community care initiatives motivate people to improve their mind set which get
changed by observing new aspects in terms of healthcare. Secondly, recent & emerging trends
also impacts in several modifications in behaviours and practices of people which are positive for
healthcare aspects. For example, people used to discriminate disable individuals but advanced
education level and awareness by present trends reduce the partial attitudes of citizens towards
disable individuals. In case of Hannah, practitioners working within Prince Trust considered
ethical norms as it will facilitate to make correct decision making to provide proper facilities.
TASK 2
2.1 Care needs of individuals with specific needs
The care needs an individuals can be decided by their overall evaluation in order to
determine actual health problem from which a person has been suffered. It involves different
types of health problems that are responsible for generating specific needs of an individual which
should be determined by medical professionals in order to improve their condition. In case of
Hannah, her care providers identified about physical disability due which they provide
wheelchair for facilitating movement properly. Moreover, Prince's Trust conduct several
programs and social activities which are helpful to Hannah in terms of increasing her confidence
as well as make her independent to enjoy life. There are different kinds of needs which are
described below.
Initially, physical needs of an individuals consist basic requirements such as food, water,
shelter, air, sleep and clothing which are very important for Hannah to survive. It involves the
fact that physical or basic needs of an individuals are very essential for an individuals to remain
healthy and survive in proper manner. However, social needs consist the requirement of love
affection, friendship, acceptance by group, relationships etc. It includes that a person is a social
being and they has a need to love and to be loved by someone by establishing relations
(Palumbo, 2016). Meanwhile, emotional needs consist that feeling of an individual relates to
their emotions like happy, sad, security, volition, attention, privacy and a sense of achieving

something. Moreover, language needs consist to desired of having linguistic resources in order
to learn proper forms of communication to communicate with desired people in appropriate
manner. In addition to this, intellectual needs can be described as a desire of learn something in
order improve abilities and skills to achieve perfection in work. At last but not the least, spiritual
need can considered as the feeling of internal peace which is very important to a person for
remaining comfortable and healthy.
2.2 Current systems for supporting individuals with specific needs
The health care systems vary in terms of their strategies and practices for improving
specific health condition in order to make an individual well being. It involves different types of
care practices and procedures which provide support to address actual needs of patients for
making them disease free (Green and Thorogood, 2018). However, every organisation and care
providers follow particular strategies to diagnose actual health problem an d then give desired
medications or therapies for wellness of a person. Moreover, some of current systems for
supporting individuals with specific needs in heath & social care is explained further –
Formal care system – This can be described as system of treatment used by care
professionals like doctors, nurses, surgeons, psychologist and pathologist to complete their roles
for wellness of an individual. It include the criteria of making records of every medication and
prescription provided to specific patient. In context of case Hannah, professionals of Prince's
Trust focus on actual needs of her and put proper efforts to improve her condition.
Informal care system – The informal care system involve family, friends and
neighbours who provide care and support to a patient with specific health problem. It involves to
give help for conducting regular routine work and render medicine on time which facilitate to
make an individual healthy very soon (Golightley and Goemans, 2017).
Voluntary system – This consist charitable care institutions and agencies which provide
support to disable and needy person to improve their medical condition which facilitate to make
their lives more comfortable.
Statutory system – The statutory system consist care policies considering legislations
strictly which helps to select correct clinical practices and avoid errors while providing care
services to an individuals like Hannah.
Self help care system – This can be considered as a situation a patients themselves put
efforts by their own along with taking proper medications time. It involves to take meal on time

with proper diet which is properly done by Hannah and she take part in social activities very
actively due to which she become independent and confident.
2.3 Evaluating availability of services in selected locality for individuals with specific needs
Providing services to people who are with special needs such as cerebral palsy these
peoples will be with different special needs because they will dependent on other people to get
help. The chosen locality is Hastings which have different services to help patients who are with
disabilities regarding their health, education, transport and social care. Hastings community
health, this service provides proper treatment to people who are disable as well as give
instruction to regain their health. Frankston community health in particular locality provides
funds for Hannah and Hannah like people so that they can get their required needs. Education is
very important for every individual, there are certain programmes and special schools in which
disable people are given proper education. For this they will be teach by special education
teachers as they are well trained according to individual's special needs. Disability information
advisory services provide an independent advice and information to the disable individuals as
well as their families.
Their are certain programmes for disable individual which provide them wheelchairs who
are not able afford such things. Community nurses are appointed to give day care services so
that every disable person can get good quality of care who are not taken care by their families.
Carers support them with their daily activities which may not be done without support
(Corrigan and et. Al., 2017). As such kind of individuals do not have same type of mental ability
as others has so they are provided with special education with fun activities. All these services
helped Hannah to live with her disability and overcome the related barriers.
The London Borough of Barnet is situated in England which makes outer area of the city.
Hannah has a problem of cerebral palsy due to which she is disable to walk and stand on her own
hence, using wheelchair. However, there are number of facilities are available for patient like
Hannah in Barnet which provide support to them for remaining comfortable and healthy. In
addition to this, Leisure centres, Barnet Youth Services, Disability sport and Barnet
Development team are helpful to such individuals for helping them to become capable for
conducting their regular tasks and spend lives properly. It also includes facilities like fostering
& adopting, keeping children safe, Barnet children & young people plan, support for
parents & families and childcare to help patients to overcome with problem of cerebral palsy.

TASK 3
3.1 Approaches and interventions available to support individuals with specific needs
To the better understanding of this topic there are lot of approaches and interventions in
context with the Hannah's in which she can take support from different approaches and also able
to accomplish their requirement goals and objectives effectively. Interventions and approaches
are given below:
Self help: This intervention can help individual who is handicapped. For instance: self
help is helpful intervention through which handicapped people can manage their day to day
lifestyle. As it is not always possible for them to rely on others (Mincolelli, Marchi and Imbesi,
2017).
Risk management: Risk management can be used as an intervention approach for
patient suffering from heart disease. This is because, treatment of heart disease is quite expensive
and also affect patients financial health. Therefore, with the help of this intervention individual
can easily manage all of its risks.
Evidence-based practice: This approach refers to the clinical practices which spread in
the different things like educational fields and allied health professions in order to make decision
in regards with clinical issues in a easiest way. The approach can be used as its intervention
practice as with help of this Diabetic patient can obtain right treatment as doctor will initially
check health condition of patient on the basis of symptoms and evidence. After this evaluation,
they provides right treatment to them.
The approaches for cerebral palsy consist diagnosing methods such as
electroencephalogram (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging and cranial ultrasound which can be
used to determine actual cause of the problem in particular patient. These methods have
advantage to be helpful for analysing the symptoms and causes behind cerebral palsy in patients
like Hannah which facilitate to make correct decision for treating the same properly. However,
the disadvantage of these approaches includes that every diagnosing method is not applicable in
case of each patient.
At the other hand, the interventions for problem created by cerebral palsy consist several
actions such as isolated spasticity including abotulinumtoxinA (Botox) injections directly into
the muscle, nerve or both, physical, occupational, speech & language and recreational therapy. It
also includes the intervention of orthopaedic surgery and severing nerves which is applicable is

complicated conditions. The advantage is these interventions are to select appropriate one as per
patient's situation to treat for their wellness. However, the disadvantage is that every
intervention is not suitable in each case of patient then it is time consuming to choose accurate
one method which favourable for specific patient. It has been recommended that appropriate
approach of diagnosis and correct intervention should be applied by thoroughly analysing
medical condition of specific patient to make them well being.
Therefore, these all resources are very much effective or essential in order to make good
decisions. In context to Hannah who loves her life so that with the helps of these approaches and
interventions she can achieve their targeted goals and objectives effectively.
3.2 Effectiveness of intervention strategies for an individual with specific needs
On the basis of above made discussion on different interventions, it can be said that
individual with specific needs will get benefits from these interventions. For the measurement of
these interventions in a effective way, there are lot of strategies which are given below:
Potential tensions: It maintain the disclose and confidentially in order to agreed with the
other people in which person discloses the intention where is necessary risk is involved in
various aspects such as right versus protection and self others, alleviation of needs versus
remedial therapy, service dilemmas and policies like benefits and cost, risk versus autonomy and
independence (Hubley and Copeman, 2018).
Right versus protection and self others: In context of this strategy an individual
suffering from heart disease right to take decision accordingly. With the help of this people have
purpose to do something for others in order to protect them from the various aspects of the
society like criminal defence, threat from other an so on. By this people can protect to other and
themselves effectively.
Alleviation of needs versus remedial therapy: It includes in the different type of things
which can be developed by this therapy like risk versus autonomy and independence, choices
and preferences, service dilemmas and policies like benefits and cost analysis. So that by this
concept people can fulfils their needs effectively. This remedy is helpful handicapped person as
their health conditions can be improved with therapies.
That's why the effectiveness of these intervention strategies are much helpful and
effective in order to fulfil customer's needs and their wants by providing them lot of benefits and
rewards effectively. On the other side, people can easily fulfil their requirement as they want. In

context to Hannah's she can live happy as she is very energetic person so by this concept she can
boost up their energy level at higher way.
3.3 Potential impact of emerging developments on support for individuals
Emerging developments refers to the emerging force at the higher level. It also includes
in several aspects like changes to legislation and policy, mechanical and technological advances,
national, local or international perspective. Few emerging developments are given below:
Mechanical and technological advances: For the better emerging development in order
to support individual this mechanical techniques are very much helpful as they provide different
kind of wheelchair to the particular person, so that they can easily move from one place to
another (Cimperman, Brenčič and Trkman, 2016). In context of health and social care they
follow new techniques in order to make their patient happy.
Changes to legislation and policy: As per the current scenario, changes in the policy and
legislation are essential in order to follow several rules and regulation. Health and Social Care
Act 2012, focuses on giving equality to disable people. It states that every organisation has to
ensure that specific needs, like make ramp for wheelchair, of disable person should not be
ignored. It helped in bringing equality at workplaces and other areas like Museums, Government
offices etc. Beside this, meeting special need is improving productivity of disabled workers and
assisting them in career development.
TASK 4
4.1 Different concepts of challenging behaviour
Challenging behaviour is referred as culturally abnormal behaviour. Learning disabilities
are significantly decreased in ability to understand the information which is complex and
learning new skills will be more difficult for people who are disable. There will be impaired
social functioning, in this case individuals will not able to cope independently. These effects
starts in earlier stages and have long lasting affect on particular person. People will the learning
disabilities can have alternating degrees of the impairment (Redmond, 2017). Physical
disabilities are referred to such abnormalities which effect normal function of physical body. All
these conditions may lead to challenging behaviour of particular person. Challenging behaviour
not only affect to particular person. It also impact on their families and society. Due to

disabilities people can vulnerable and sometimes their actions can be dangerous for people
around them.
As according to case Hannah who is disable, she got helped from the disabilities trust and
Prince's trust to become more confident with physical challenges. Hannah is motivating and
helping people who are with disabilities and how they can make life better with such disabilities.
Patient also joined the activities like go kart racing which help them to build more confidence
and will power. Challenging behaviour can be dangerous if these disabilities are not taken take,
if people encouraged in right directions, they can deal with all barriers of disabilities (Ma Chan
and Loke, 2017).
4.2 Potential impact of challenging behaviour on health & social care organisations
There are various reactions of the present society towards challenging behaviours of
individuals which should be understand by health and social care givers. As such patients include
complex and simple reactions like separation of those people with the challenging behaviour
from their friends and family. Isolation may lead to the inability in communication with other
people, not getting care, memory problems and emotional issues. In addition this individual can
build sense of guilt and they can feel more sick. As such kind of people will depend on others
which can increase their vulnerability. Care givers who are providing care to them may not able
to adjust with their behaviour as well as cope up with their stress that can lead to depression
further. Consciousness and social isolation for the personal space may occurs. Aggression of
these individual can cause domestic violence.
In such cases it is very difficult for care provides to give care and treatment due to their
behaviour. Communication is very important while working with those individuals who are with
disabilities and understanding their needs can help caregiver to deal with this behaviour. By
giving some targets to caregiver according to their work can help them to provide proper
medication (Pahl, 2016).
Cost of services – The challenging behaviours are responsible for increase cost of
services because patient become violent and destroy medications devices and other things which
is loss for the organisation. It is necessary for staff to remain prepare for all such conditions to
deal with the same appropriately.
Frustration of staff – The challenging behaviour of patients consumes much time and
efforts of employees which create extra pressure of work load on the on regular basis. The

situation of additional work is responsible for generating extreme level of frustration of staff
which impacts negatively on their performance and health.
Damages to individuals & property – The violence actions are non cooperation
behaviours is more challenging for care professional because patients can damage property of
organisation along with harming other people also. It is responsible for boosting up overall cost
of operations for organisations and develop health risk of employees.
Work related stress – The work stress refers to situation take place due to reduced staff
in organisation or additional work load. It is also challenging for carers because extra work load
may create chances of occurring drug errors or other mistakes.
The above mentioned aspects are some of challenging behaviour which has potential
impact on condition of patient and working of staff members in hospitals. It is necessary for care
professionals to establish mote effective as well as efficient strategies to deal with the same in
order to perform appropriately.
4.3 Strategies for working with challenging behaviours
In every institution, there are certain policies, code of practice and procedures that govern
both employees and employers. The same thing applies to health and social care, regulations that
defines responsibility of the social care worker which are set at international and national level.
Every individual who is with physical and mental disabilities has right to get health and social
care regarding their specific needs. Proper measures should be laid down to make sure that
special needs people with challenging behaviour should not harm social care givers. In addition
to that there is legal partnership legislation which have expedited easier service delivery to
people who are with special needs such as agreeing to particular shifts in procedures and
policies, enduring an effective leadership, giving capacity for the development which should be
sufficient, determining agreed boundaries and paying some extra attention to mutual trust and
attitude (Fisher and Royster, 2016).
Strategies
Behavioural management plan – This can be described as to establish plan of action for
managing challenging behaviour of patients including effective policies and practices
respectively. It is necessary to make an appropriate set of clinical procedures to prevent violent
actions of individuals and deal with relevant complex situations properly.
Advantage Disadvantage

Behavioural management plan will help to
reduce chance of occurring damage
organisation and maintain stable condition of
patient.
It is a time consuming procedure which take a
particular period to establish plan to deal with
challenging behaviour of people.
Use appropriate medication – The medical professionals can utilise correct medication
to reduce violence of an individual and maintain their calmness to secure themselves, patient and
hospital property. It is essential to utilise medication for people to make them disease free and
comfortable.
Advantage Disadvantage
Use of medication is beneficial to conduct
treatment process for patient properly in order
to make them healthy.
The regular use of medication may have side
effects on immune system of a patient which
may create complications.
Remain aware of body language & tone of voice – This includes the criterion for care
professionals for remaining active while dealing with patients. It is necessary to immediately
determine body language and tone of voice to analyse chance of occurring violent and non-
favourable to remain prepared for dealing with the same properly.
Advantage Disadvantage
It is beneficial to prevent violent condition and
take immediate action for reducing such
negative situations.
The predictions about body language may
interpret wrong.
Considering these strategies, it has been analysed that effective practices should be
carrying out as per desires of specific situation of patient. It has been recommended that carers
should focus on welfare of an individual while dealing with violent circumstances to make them
healthy.

With the help of these strategies such as policies, procedures and codes of practice can
help caregivers to provide good quality of practice without any harm. Such kind of strategies will
avoid the harm which can social care workers can face while providing care to individuals with
disabilities. Hannah improved condition with help of organization strategic working which
helped social workers to better patient's life.
CONCLUSION
The above report has been concluded as understanding specific need related to health and
social care for people who are with disabilities is very important. There are different perceptions
for illness, behaviour, disabilities and regarding health which is explained with the help of
different models. Social policy, culture, society and legislation has impact on the people who are
with disabilities in different ways which make services available for such people. Supporting
individuals who are with their specific need is very important to better their quality of life for
this there are different approaches and interventions are followed. Caregivers should cope up
and try to understand challenging behaviour of people who are with disabilities.

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Online
Regulations for service providers and managers: relevant legislation. 2019. [Online]. Available
through :<https://www.cqc.org.uk/guidance-providers/regulations-enforcement/
regulations-service-providers-managers-relevant>