Understanding the concepts of leadership and management
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This report discusses the concepts of leadership and management, their importance in business firms, and the theories related to them. It also evaluates a leadership development program from the NHS Leadership Academy.
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INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................4 MAIN BODY...........................................................................................................................................4 Leadership and management theories..................................................................................................4 Evaluate the leadership development programme...............................................................................9 CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................12 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................14
INTRODUCTION Leadership and management both are important part of an business firm as well as these play essential role in accomplishing goals and objectives of business firm. Leadership is an art through which individual or group of people will get motivate to act for accomplishing common goals. In relation of business, leadership means directing workers as well as colleagues with strategy for meeting need of business firm(Armstrong, 2016). In simple term it can be said that leadership is the potential for influencing behaviour of other people. Moreover, leaders are needed for developing future vision as well as for motivating member of organisation to achieve the visions. Apart from this, management can be define as the procedure of administering as well as controlling the affairs of company irrespective of its nature, structure, type and size. In addition to this, management is act of developing such environment in which member of company can work together as well as can achieve business objectives in efficient and effective manner. Thus, it has been identified that both leader and manger play essential role in working of company as well as also in accomplishing their goals and objectives in effective manner. This report is based on NHS Leadership Academy their purpose is towork with partner for delivering excellent leadership across the NHS to have impact on care of patient. Moreover, they are offering range of tools, models, programmes as well as expertise for assisting individual, organisation and other local partners for developing leaders, celebrating and sharing where outstanding leadership for making real differences. This report will going to discuss concept of leadership as well as management along with theories related to the same. Along with this, leadership development program from NHS leadership academy will also elaborate. MAIN BODY Leadership and management theories Leadership– Leadershipis also an important element of directing as well as it play essential role within success of an organisation. Leadership can be defined as the procedure of influencing behaviour of individual as well as group of people to act for accomplishing organisation objective as well as goal. Along with this, leadership is concerned with maintaining personal relation with followers and also motivate them for contribution in accomplishing business goals(Huber, 2017). There are several features of leadership such as it is process of influencing people, I am to bring modification in behaviour of individual or group, it is continuous process, leadership practiced for achieving organisation goal and also explain relation with and leader and followers. By few authors definition of leadership has been given such as :-
According to Koontz and O’Donnell “Leadership is manager’s ability to induce subordinates for working with confidence and zeal.” According to Keith and Davis “Leadership is ability of persuading other people for seeking defined objectives enthusiastically. It is human factors that bind group together as well as motivates it’s for accomplishing goals.” Apart from this, implementation of leadership approaches in organisation within effective manner result in gaining several advantages (Importance of leadership, 2020). Moreover, leader in organisation not only provide information related to organisational goals but also pool needed resources, guide as well as motivates their followers for accomplishing goals. Explanation of importance are as follows :- Influences the behaviour of people – Leadership play essential role in influencing behaviour of individual or group of people and also make them in contributing their full efforts for organisational benefits. Handle conflicts – Along with motivating people leader is also good in resolving conflicts within his followers and also removes negative feeling for each others. Maintains coordination – For maintaining coordination within organisation leaders always maintain personal relation with their followers and provide them needed support, encourage and support. Such practices will result in creating healthy working environment(Liu and Chan,2017). Introduces Changes – Good leader assist in solving issues related to resistance to changes by inspiring as well as persuading individual for accepting changes without any discontentment. Provides Training – leaders also makes arrangement for training and development session of their subordinates. Management– It can be define as the procedure of administering as well as controlling the affairs of company irrespective of its nature, structure, type and size. In addition to this, management is act of developing such environment in which member of company can work together as well as can achieve business objectives in efficient and effective manner. Thus, it has been identified that both leader and manger play essential role in working of company as well as also in accomplishing their goals and objectives in effective manner(Bookey‐Bassett And et. al., 2017). In group of people management act as guide in coordinating efforts for accomplishing common objectives. Management is concerned with optimally using 5M’s i.e., machine, men, material, money and methods. Apart from this, there are several characteristics of management explanation of these are as follows :-
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Universal - management is applicable within every organisation whether it is profit making or not. In simple term it can be said that management is universally applicable for managing things in appropriate manner. Goal oriented - every organisation has their pre-determined objective in which management provide assistance in accomplishing these within effective manner and also on required time period. Continuous process - management is continuous process which tends to persist as long as and business from exist. Management required at each and every level of organisation whether it is human resource, Finance, marketing or production. Group activity - In an organisation there are several member who have different need, Expectations as well as believes(Brewer and et. al., 2016). Each and every member join business with various motives but after becoming part of it they work for accomplishing common objectives. It needs supervision, teamwork comma coordination in such a manner which helps management coming into single picture. Intangible force - management is intangible because it can neither be seen or touched but individual can feel its existence in several ways within organisation function. Difference between leadership and management BasisLeadershipManagement MeaningLeadership can be defined as the procedure of influencing behaviour of individual as wellasgroupofpeopletoactfor accomplishingorganisationobjectiveas well as goal. Managementcanbedefiningasthe procedure of administering as well as controllingtheaffairsofcompany irrespective of its nature, structure, type and size. SkillsThereareseveralskillswhichmake leadership great such as communication, motivation,delegation,positivity, trustworthiness,creativity,feedbacks, responsibility, commitment and flexibility. Ontheotherhandmanagerhave respectiveskillssuch as interpersonal skills,communication,motivation, organization,delegation,forward planning,strategythinking,problem solving,commercialawarenessand mentoring. PowerLeadershiphavepowerofinfluencing peopletoaccomplishinggoalsand objectives in effective manner. Managementrulepeoplebyallotting task with their required time period. PerspectiveLeadership needs good foresightedness.Managementhasshortrange perspective.
Similarities between leadership and management– Apart from differences, there are several similarities within leadership and management explanation of these are as follows :- Roles of leadership and management– Both of this primary concern are to allocate existing resourcesinwaytheycanbeusedefficiently(Similaritiesbetweenleadershipand management,2017). Leadership and management share ultimate goals of wanting to maximize profit as well as establishing a robust bottom line of organisation. Influence of leadership and management– It involves influencing work structure as well as environment and heads are supposed to lead through examples. Each and everyone within leadership and management operators or work as per their spirit. Moreover, they can influence people for performing well or bad. Vision of leadership and management– Management and leadership are anxious with accomplishing their goals. As they involve working towards particular set of vision and both of them focus on vision as well as its accomplishment. Working relation of leadership and management– In an organisation both management as well as leadership involved in working with people. It involves being ahead of people and determining the way forward. Behaviour theory of leadership– It is a leadership theory which considers observable action as well as reaction of leaders or followers within specific situation. Moreover, behaviourtheories focus on the way leader behaves as well as assume that leader can be made rather than born. A successful leader is totallybasedondefinableandlearnablebehaviour(Behaviourtheoryofleadership,2020). Prospective theory is classified as such because it focuses on the study of particular leader behaviour within a specific situation. For behavioural theorists coma behaviour of leader is the best predictor of leadership influence as well as also as an result, it is the best determinant of individual leader leadership success. Thus, behaviour of leader will impact performance of employees as well as overall organisation. Best leaders are those who have adaptability of different behavioural style as per the situation and select most appropriate style for each situation.There are two important behavioural studies explanation of these are as follows :- Ohio state University (1940) – This leadership studies were aimed for identifying suitable traitswhichdidn’tyieldanyconclusiveoutcomes.GroupofpeoplefromOhioState University has developed 150 statements list from their generated responses which included 1800statements.Respectivelistwasdesignedformeasuringninedistinctbehavioural leadership dimensions. Questionnaire is well known as LBDQ (Leaders Behaviour Description Questionnaire). As per the study, the LBDQ was administrators to various group of individual
ranging from college students as well as their administrators, private organisation involving military employees (Berning, 2017). Main purpose of conducting this study is to identify common leadership behaviours. After analysing outcomes it has been determined that there are two group of behaviours which are strongly correlated. These are defined as consideration (people oriented behavioural leaders) as well as initiating structure (Task oriented leaders). UniversityofMichigan(1950)–Thisbehaviouralstudywasleadbyorganisational psychologist named as Dr. Rensis Likert, the leadership studies at University of Michigan which help in identifying three main characteristics of effective leadership. Out of which tow already observed within study at Ohio State University. Respective study shows that task as well as relationship oriented behaviour are not much important in the world of organisational psychology. Thus, it was third observation which introduced new concept one of participative leadership. Transformational theory of leadership-Transformational leadership is founded at each and every levelofbusinessfirmI.e.,teams,departments,divisionaswellasorganisationas whole.Transformational leaders are visionary, inspiring, daring, risk-takers, as well as thoughtful thinkers(Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019). They have a charismatic appeal. But charisma alone is not sufficient for modification in the manner organisation conduct their operations. For bringing major changes, transformational leaders must exhibit the following four factors: Figure1Model of Transformational leadership (Source:Transformational leadership theory, 2020) Inspirational motivation – The establishment of transformational authority is the advancement of reliable vision, crucial, a lot of qualities to the individuals. Their vision is convincing to
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such an extent that they realize what they need from each association. Transformational Leader control adherents by furnishing them with a feeling of significance and challenge (Baporikar, 2017). They work energetically and hopefully to cultivate the soul of cooperation and duty. Intellectual Stimulation – Such Leader urge their devotees to be inventive and imaginative. They support new thoughts from their adherents and never censure them freely for the errors submitted by them. The pioneers center around the "what" in issues and don't concentrate on its accusing piece. They have no dithering in disposing of an old practice set by them in the event that it is discovered incapable. Idealized Influence – They have confidence in the way of thinking that a Leader can impact supporters just when he tries doing he proposes for others to do. The Leader go about as good examples that devotees look to copy. Such Leader consistently wins the trust and regard of their devotees through their activity. They ordinarily place their adherent’s needs over their own, penance their own benefits for them, promotion show exclusive requirements of moral direct (Swanwick and McKimm, 2017). The utilization of intensity by such leader is planned for affecting them to take a stab at the shared objectives of the association. Individualized consideration - Leaders go about as tutors to their adherents and prize them for imagination and development. The supporters are dealt with diversely as per their abilities and information. They are enabled to settle on choices and are constantly furnished with the required help to execute their choices. Evaluate the leadership development programme Effective Leadership is an integral component for an organization in order to achieve its goals andobjectives.Companiesthatofferleadershiptraininganddevelopmentopportunitieshave employees with a high morale and high loyalty. It helps in improving the overall productivity of the team because a manager who has an effective leadership can improve the confidence of his/her team members and thus engage them in their jobs(Fischer, 2016). This can help the company in being more competitive and generate large profits. Another reason why leadership training and development is important is because it can help a company raise future leaders. Managers or leaders who are trained well can guide and mentor their team members and help them develop certain skills that allow them to take a greater responsibility. Some managers don’t share their knowledge and skills with the team members because they have a fear of being getting replaced. Instead, it should be taken as an opportunity by the managers or leaders. Leaders and managers that are trained effectively, have very good communication skills and thus create a team wherein members are engaged with their jobs(Giddens, 2017). They do not seek opportunities outside and therefore, the overall staff turnover in the company is low. Also, it is important for the leaders to possess certain skills in a company. These skills can be developed through
leadership training and development programs. Leadership training and development can help in changing the leadership structure within the company and giving rise to a new and improved one. Leaders can acquire new skills that are required in their jobs as well as enhance the ones they already have. Investing in leadership can contribute to an increased financial performance which means that the company earns more profits and revenues (The Importance of Developing Leadership Skills in an Ever-Changing Workplace, 2020). Therefore, a company should provide various leadership and training opportunities to leaders as well as managers to be successful and attain its goals and objectives effectively. Leadership Development Programme NHS is a public healthcare system in the United Kingdom that was founded in the year 1948. Apart from offering various healthcare services, the organization also offers a variety of leadership development programmes like Mary Seacoole Programme, Rosalind Franklin Programme, Nye Bevan Programme etc. Different programmes are designed for various purposes and the eligibility criteria as well as the structure of these programmes are also different. One of these programmes is The Edward Jenner Programme which is for people who are looking to build strong leadership skills. The programme is not only meant for the clinical staff but non-clinical staff as well. The programme helps individuals in enhancing their level of confidence as well as competence(Gopee and Galloway, 2017). It assists the participants in developing the necessary leadership skills so that they are able to deal with daily challenges at work in the health care and are well-equipped to take care of the patients. The programmehasbeenexclusivelydesignedforeveryonewhoisworkinginhealthandcare organizationsandisbasicallyfocusedonthepatientsandhighly-practical(EdwardJenner programme, 2020). People who have attended the programme say that it helped them in developing confidence as well as acquire important leadership skills. The programme was recently redesigned in order to offer more flexibility. The Edward Jenner Programme is a six weeks course wherein the modules can be accessed for free by the participants. The programme helps the participants in understanding their impact on the patients’ experience both directly as well as indirectly. After attending the programme, the participants can lead services and provide better leadership to people around them and also provide support so that they can do their jobs in a better way (Azad And et. al., 2017). The programme even leads to an NHS Leadership Academy award in foundation in leadership. Therefore, people who want to develop leadership skills can apply for The Edward Jenner Programme and not only enhance their skills but also develop confidence. Analysis of Programme and Review of its components
The Edward Jenner Programme is for people who are exploring leadership and are new to getting an understanding of what it is. Nursing and clinical staff who is newly qualified is also eligible for this programme as it acts as a preliminary learning stage for them. Even people who are new to healthcare or aspire to become leaders in the future are also suitable for the programme(Rothaermel, 2016). The programme is basically for anyone who belongs to the clinical background or not, a clinicianwhoisnewlyqualified,person who aspiresaleadershiproleorevenahealthcare professional or a trainee. People who are new or returning to a clinical role can also apply for The Edward Jenner Programme. The programme comprises of two levels, namely- Launch as well as Foundations. Both the levels can be accessed through the NHS Leadership Academy Website without any kind of charge. Launch comprises of different elements like why does leadership matter, different stage of personal development and learning, personal values etc. Each of these elements contains activities and discussions that participants have to take part in as well as a film. The level takes about 5 hours to complete. On the other hand, Foundations is a nearly 35 hours of learning that can be completed within six weeks. The participants are given the flexibility wherein they can set their own timeframes for completing the programme. It includes understanding the person-centered care, different methods of understanding the experience of the patient as well as the different challenges in healthcare (Structure, 2020). There is not cost for the programme, once the participants have registered for it, they can accessboth the levels without any charge. Also, the programme gets delivered online so that the participants can complete at their own speed and take in their required time(Ruben and Gigliotti, 2016). Once the programme is complete, the participants have to submit their leadership difference so that they can enter into NHS Leadership Academy award in Leadership Foundation. There are several benefits of leadership program at individual as well as organisation level. Because requirement of both is totally different from each other and it is important to fulfil both needs. Explanation of these are as follows :- At individual- There are several benefits which an organisation will gain through leadership program. Explanation of these are as follows :- Enhancing skills and knowledge – Leadership program is beneficial as it help in enhancing skills as well as knowledge of people working within company(Giddens, 2017). Thus, with the assistance of this they will be able to perform their work in more effective manner. Employee’s motivation – When company invest in their employees they feel motivated as well as valued. Such practices will motivate them and they will perform in more effective manner which will be beneficial for organisation as well as its employees.
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At organisation– There are several benefits which an organisation will gain through leadership program. Explanation of these are as follows :- Increase productivity– Leadership assist in enhancing productivity of employees working within organisation. Because at primary level leadership is all related to understanding employees emotionally (Rothaermel, 2016). If employees feel valuable for their company they will perform in effective manner which result in increasing productivity of business firm and also help in accomplishing goals in appropriate manner. Retain employees– By investing within leadership training organisation can retain their employees as well as cost of recruitment also get decrease. For an organisation it is important to retain their employees and training session help in enhancing their skills also which result in increasing productivity. Betterfinancialperformance.Companiesthatinvest in theirstaff memberstendto perform better financially. By training leaders who know how to do their jobs well, business firm can reduce costs, increase productivity as well as improve departments throughout company. Accountability.Leadershipprogramsprovideaccountabilitythathelpstomaintaina proactive approach to change(Unnikrishnan, 2016). Leadership training benefits include evaluating a leader’s strong skills and areas of weakness. Thus, after going through above discussion it has been identified that leadership program play important role at both level individual as well as organisation. In simple term it can be said that, individualwillgetsatisfyandmotivatedthroughleadershipprogramaswellasorganisation accomplish their goals and objectives in effective manner. CONCLUSION After going through entire discussion it has been summarised that. Management as well as leadership both are important part of an organisation as they provide assistance in conducting daily basis operations within effective manner. Leadershipis also an important element of directing as well as it play essential role within success of an organisation. Leadership can be defined as the procedure ofinfluencingbehaviourofindividualaswellasgroupofpeopletoactforaccomplishing organisation objective as well as goal. Along with this, leadership is concerned with maintaining personal relation with followers and also motivate them for contribution in accomplishing business goals.can be define as the procedure of administering as well as controlling the affairs of company irrespective of its nature, structure, type and size. In addition to this, management is act of developing
such environment in which member of company can work together as well as can achieve business objectives in efficient and effective manner. Apartfrom this,leadershipand managementboth haveseveraldifferencesaswellas similarities in them. Along with this there are several theories which an organisation can implement within their working such as behavioural theory and transformational theory. Both of these provide assistance in effective management of company operations as well as accomplishing goals on time. along with this, training and development play important role in organisation as skills of employees getenhancewhichhelptheminconductingactivitieswithinmoreeffectivemannerand accomplishinggoals.Moreover,leadershiphaveitsdifferentimportanceatindividualand organisational level.
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Structure. 2020. [Online]. Aailable through:<https://www.leadershipacademy.nhs.uk/programmes/the- edward-jenner-programme/programme-structure/>. The Importance of Developing Leadership Skills in an Ever-Changing Workplace. 2020. [Online]. Available through:<https://www.getsmarter.com/blog/employee-development/the-importance- of-developing-leadership-skills-in-an-ever-changing-workplace/>. Behaviourtheoryofleadership,2020.[Online].Availablethrough<https://www.leadership- central.com/behavioral-theories.html> Transformationalleadershiptheory,2020.[Online].Availablethrough< https://managementstudyguide.com/transformational-leadership.htm>