Understanding Why People Work: Factors, Motivation, and Coping Strategies

This report delves into the complex reasons why people work, including the fulfillment of basic needs and the desire for growth and self-actualization. It explores the different types of motivation, such as intrinsic and extrinsic, and the factors that motivate employees, including salary, promotion, and working environment. The report also discusses the positive and negative experiences employees may encounter and provides strategies for coping with negative factors and creating a motivating work environment. Course code and college/university not mentioned.

BMP3004 World of
Work - Understanding
why people work report

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
What is motivation.......................................................................................................................3
The various factors which motivate employees to work.............................................................5
The positive factors employees experience as a result of their job roles.....................................6
The negative factors employees experience as a result of their job roles....................................6
Strategies to cope with negative factors employees experience as a result of their job roles.....7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The ascertainment of fact that why people work or tends to work is complex procedure
as the said reason behind the working varies with each individual. In general sense, the
primary motive behind the working of any individual is the fulfilment of his basic needs
which are essential for every human being. Moreover, the said needs as per the
individuals requirements are been prioritized and accordingly the acts are for there
accomplishment. Some of the most essential needs which are also depicted in the Mas
lows theory are the food, shelter and clothing which are considered as the 1st stage of the
theory. The people attaining these aspects moves forward towards attaining the higher
standard of living and which comprises of factors such as luxurious things. The
following report is going to elaborate all the possible factors which motivates an
individual towards certain work(Andriani, Kesumawati and Kristiawan, 2018) . It also
outlines that what is motivation along with its various types and further the factors
which motivates the employees. The report also outlines certain positive and negative
aspects faced by the employees and will also recommend various strategies in order to
obviate these negative experiences.
MAIN BODY
What is motivation
Any act which influences or affect the decisions of individual in order to get or achieve
the wanted course of action is defined as Motivation. Generally it is the act which pushes or
forces the people for imparting certain efforts for accomplishing the desired course of action.
Motivation can also be addressed as the process which guides the behaviours of the individuals
which are goal oriented. The owners majorly with respect to the business are need to be
motivated in order to to achieve the success of the company and accordingly must work for
improving the efficiency and performance of the employees. Majorly there lies the two types of
motivation which are as follows-
 Extrinsic motivation: in this type the different external factors are the one which
motivates the individual for the work. Some of such factors are incentives, monetary
rewards, etc.

 Intrinsic motivation: in this type, its is the behaviour of an individual that is driven from
within of an individual. Here the individual acts on his own driven y the internal
rewards. Generally it comes for the work so that the self needs of the individual can be
met which are desired reputation, satisfaction, gratitude, etc(Berridge, 2018).
Further, other than this, in the life of an individual there also lies various psychological needs
which are required to be fulfilled by an individual. The concept of said psychological needs was
given by the Abraham Maslow, who is an American psychologist. He gave the theory in 1943
and most commonly is known by the name of Maslows theory. In this there lies the five stages
where each comprises of certain needs along with their importance. The stages are given in the
structure of pyramid which are as follows-
 Psychological needs: This stage comprises of the basic and essential needs of an
individual such as food, shelter, clothing,etc. Basically these are the one which are
required for the survival of a human being and therefore the given wages must be
adequate amount which can fulfil theses needs(Chang and Shih, 2019).
 Safety needs: in this stage the all such needs are included which comprises the aspects to
make a feel an individual secured and safe. The adherence to health and safety guidelines
of an enterprise or the security of assets or money of the employees is one such thing.
 Love and belonging needs: at this stage an individual after attaining all the basic needs
desires for the sense of belongingness or companionship. This includes the feeling of
love, building relationship, having a circle of friends and family. With respect to the
employee, the encouragement of involvement in the group activities can helps in
fulfilling this need.
 Esteem needs: this particular stage acquires the needs which are of earning respect and
position in the society. The suggestion of workers should be considered for the setting of
goals and also the positive reinforcement programs must be held for the employees.
 Self- actualisation needs: at this stage after fulfilling all the mentioned needs the
individual steps forward for the realisation of his self worth. Here the workers must be
supported in career development plans and accordingly should also be rewarded for their
outstanding performances(Maund, 2020).

The various factors which motivate employees to work
 Salary :- salary is being considered as most important factor which motivate the which
motivate the employees of the company in a very effective manner. This is the amount
which are provided by the organisation to their employees for carrying out the different
functions of the company in a well effective manner. With the help of this employee
become more dedicated towards the organisation. At the beginning of the work salary has
been discussed between the employer and the employees and an written agreement has
been signed so that no conflicts has been arise between them. Salary has been given to
the employees according to the position and designation of the employees within the
organisation. With the help of this salary they can fulfil the basic need and requirement.
By giving them appropriate salary and additional benefits like perks, bonus and many
more they can be motivated) (Reb, Allen and Vogus, 2020).
 Promotion :- Promotion is also being considered as one of the most important factor
which motivate the employee with in the company. By doing this performance of the
employees has been enhanced. This level totally focus on the level of position which are
acquired by the employee in any company and according to this roles and responsibility
has been effectively defines. By increasing the authority and power within the
organisation employees of the company has been motivated.
 Working Environment :- to keep the employees of the company always motivated it is
very important for the management of the company to provide them an effective working
environment so that they work hard. The environment of the organisation should be
encouraging and welcoming in nature so that employees of the company has been
motivated in a very effective manner. Hygiene, relationship and many more is being
considered as important factor which comprises in developing the effective working
environment. With the help of this not only the productivity but also the concentration
power of the employees of carrying out the task has been increases. Along with this
employees become more creative if effective working environment has been provided the
management of the company. Retention rate of the employees with in the organisation
has also been enhanced(Rheinberg and Engeser, 2018).

The positive factors employees experience as a result of their job roles
 Opportunities to Growth :- when an individual is try to developing their career different
types of opportunities has been developed by them and this factor totally focus on this
fact. This is the fact that every individual wants to build their career or wants growth in
their life and it is very important for them to look out all the opportunities. Every
individual in their wants success and this can be achieved by attaining all the goals which
are set by them. In order to grow their life the management of the company provide them
different types of training and programme. By this efficiency as well as the knowledge
has been increase which motivate the employees of the company.
 Appreciation :- with the help of this factor employees of the company always feel
appreciated and valued. When the management of the company appreciate their workers
then the employees of the company feel hounder within the organisation. Employees of
the company work hard if the management of the company appreciate them in time time.
Along with this more efforts has been paid by the worker in order to carry out the task. It
is very important for the managers and leaders of the company to review the performance
of the worker so that they get motivated.
The negative factors employees experience as a result of their job roles
1. High work load- This factor states that the employees feel demotivated and don't want to
work when they experience heavy work load which they are not able to complete in time.
The owners of organization to earn major profits burden the worker with responsibilities
which leads to a negative experience for them. The higher authorities should analyze and
evaluate the capacity of work that employees can do to avoid negative situations by
delayed work (Zhang and Capra, 2019).
2. Feeling of unsafe environment- The worker needs to feel safe and secure in the
organization. Because when the employees feel secure they feel motivated to work, it
also leads to a safer environment. If this factor is neglected then conflicts can arise within
the workplace harming the image of the organization) (Sutrisno and Sunarsi, 2019)

Strategies to cope with negative factors employees experience as a result of their job roles
 Achieving an organizational culture with expert management- Individuals should be
involved in managing the system effectively so that their knowledge, skills and expertise
can help the organization to grow and prosper and thus can motivate the employees to
work.
 Providing safety measures- A business organization should work by giving a safe and
secure environment to the employees like safety equipment, cameras in premises and fire
extinguishers, etc (Wuryani, 2021).
CONCLUSION
From the following report it can be concluded that the objective behind the working of
people is a complex task to ascertain as the same differs with each individual. Further there lies
both negative as well as positive factors which motivates an individual to work. The said factors
further can be determined with the intrinsic and extrinsic approach of the motivation. The report
also elaborates the Maslows theory which specifies the different stages of needs of an individual.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N. and Kristiawan, M., 2018. The influence of the transformational
leadership and work motivation on teachers performance. International Journal of
Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7), pp.19-29.
Berridge, K.C., 2018. Evolving concepts of emotion and motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 9,
p.1647.
Chang, Y.Y. and Shih, H.Y., 2019. Work curiosity: A new lens for understanding employee
creativity. Human Resource Management Review, 29(4), p.100672.
Maund, P.R., et. al., 2020. What motivates the masses: Understanding why people contribute to
conservation citizen science projects. Biological Conservation, 246, p.108587.
Reb, J., Allen, T. and Vogus, T.J., 2020. Mindfulness arrives at work: Deepening our
understanding of mindfulness in organizations. Organizational Behavior and Human
Decision Processes, 159, pp.1-7.
Rheinberg, F. and Engeser, S., 2018. Intrinsic motivation and flow. In Motivation and action (pp.
579-622). Springer, Cham.
Sutrisno, S. and Sunarsi, D., 2019. The Effect of Work Motivation and Discipline on Employee
Productivity at PT. Anugerah Agung in Jakarta. Jurnal Ad'ministrare, 6(2), pp.187-196.
Wuryani, E., et. al., 2021. Analysis of decision support system on situational leadership styles on
work motivation and employee performance. Management Science Letters, 11(2),
pp.365-372.