Understanding Why People Work - Motivation and Factors

This report discusses the concept of motivation, various factors of motivation, positive and negative factors that employees experience at job roles, and strategies to cope with negative factors. It is relevant to BSc (Hons) Business Management with Foundation students studying World of Work.

BSc (Hons) Business Management with Foundation
World of Work
Understanding why people work

Contents
Introduction 1
What does Motivation Mean? 1
The various factors which motivate employees to work
p
The positive factors employees experience as a result of their job roles
p
The negative factors employees experience as a result of their job roles
p
Strategies to cope with negative factors employees experience as a result of their
job roles p
Conclusion p
References p

Introduction
Motivation define as a technique that is used by leader to guide, influence
subordinates so that they perform better in order to enhance performance and
productivity by using skills and abilities. In an organization there are number of
people who are working when they get motivation. Employees in organization has
differences in their idea, values of work, emotions etc. so that it is essential for
company to recognize candidate values, beliefs, moods etc. Hence it is important for
business to analyses why they work(Mills and Allen, 2020). In current environment
employees are mainly emphasis on looking for more meaningful and purposeful in
their career. Therefore it is important to understand what would motivate a person
for effective working. Therefore motivation help company to encourage for effective
work. For an organization it is crucial to gain profitable results by motivating
employees and understand why they work. This report includes concept of
motivation, various factors of motivation along with positive and negative factor that
employee experience at job role. At the end it demonstrate the strategies to cope
with negative factors that employees experience so that organization culture would
be maintained effectively and efficiently.
What does Motivation Mean?
Motivation refers to a strategic process that is used to explain why people
initiate, act on certain actions at a point of time. It is a guide that maintain goal
oriented behavior so that objectives are accomplished on time and it also develop
brand image at marketplace. Hence, there are two types of motivation i.e. extrinsic
motivation and intrinsic motivation (Falout, 2020). External motivation is one where
individual emphasis on doing their task for getting external rewards. On the other
hand internal motivation is one where individual emphasis on perform their task
without any expectation of receiving an external rewards. Both these motivation are
accumulated with maslow need hierarchy level because in this each level define the
motivation factor that is used to encouraged staff towards appropriate work.
However, to properly understand intrinsic and extrinsic needs which motivate
workers towards work maslow need hierarchy level are demonstrated below:
 Psychological needs- These belongs to basic needs for which an individual
work. It is a type of extrinsic needs because in this food, shelter, basic pay are
included for which individual work and attain targets.
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 Safety needs- These includes safety and security. It represent as a intrinsic
motivation which is used by manager of company to motivate employees
towards goals accomplishment (Bartsch and et. al., 2020).
 Love and belonging needs- This type of need considered as feeling of
belonging. It means human who are working at workplace feel connected and
valued. This reflect intrinsic motivation because it feels internally where
employees are satisfied and attain objectives on time.
 Esteem needs- This level of need include dignity, self-respect where an
employee work for getting dignity and appreciation in terms of promotion,
transfer etc. it is an extrinsic motivation that are used to attain targets properly
(Tran and Smith, 2020).
 Self actualization needs- It is essential and top level extrinsic motivation that
are used to encourage employees to work properly for build high reputation
and specialist in their work (Mousavi and et. al., 2020).
The various factors which motivate employees to work
There are number of factors which motivate employees in order to attain the
business targets properly and in this some are explained below that mainly
encourage workers towards work:
Salary: It is crucial factor that that highly motivate workers towards working. In
an organization if manager pay properly salary and on time than this will encourage
staff members to work hard and effectively (Li and et. al., 2020). Hence it basically
represent the psychological needs of maslow hierarchy theory that is crucial for every
business enterprise to get proficient results at workplace from employees working.
Therefore it is only possible when company fulfill basic requirement of employees on
time.
Promotion: It is another core factor that motivates workers towards effective
working. Therefore organisation would face major risk of employee turnover they
they does not promote workers for their good work. Hence it is important to motivate
staff members so that company goals and objectives are accomplish on time (Wang,
2020). For example- Firm like Burberry, manager need to focus on promote the
employees for their excellent achievement on time so that other employees at
workplace are also get motivated for completing assignments in good manner. Thus
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this represent maslow esteem needs where employees get respect and promotion
for their excellent work.
Work Environment: It is another crucial factor to encourage staff members
towards work. As work environment is highly essential to encourage staff towards
proper working. Hence it is generally related with the physical and non-physical
environment (Dörnyei, 2020). At this factor workers within organization enjoy clean
and hygiene place due to which they generate new ideas so that companies overall
objectives are attained on set time duration. For example- Google is the company
who offer open and clean spaces to employees as they are highly focused towards
employees well-being. Hence this encourage employee towards work. To motivate
employees, basic pay is only reason to complete the targets but effective work
environment is also very essential. By having good working environment creative
ideas are presented that help business enterprise to attain goals on set time
duration.
The positive factors employees experience as a result of their job
roles
In an organization, number of employees are working and it is very essential
to examine the positive factor that they experience while working at the particular job
role. Hence it will develop employee growth in the professional field. As employees
within organization show their experience by their job role journey by using all touch
points within business organization. Some of the positive factor are presented below:
 Great leaders- Within a business firm, there are numerous factor that are
recognized and experienced by workers at workplace which are used to
maintain environment at workplace and engage workers towards effective
working (Ann and Blum, 2020). Great leaders are very important for company
because they becomes a reason of employees good work so that they
experienced in positive manner. For example- In context of Tesco plc
employees who work in a customer service department get proper guidance
by the leaders due to which they experience positive at workplace and due to
this they perform the work properly and effectively by attracting number of
customers.
 Belonging- Within an organization manager adopts the belonging culture
then workers are highly engaged themselves within the team work. This also
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reflects that employees feel valued and part of the team that represent as
positive factor that employee experience at job role (Jessri, Kosmidou and
Ahuja, 2020). Due to this they attain company objectives in appropriate
manner. Thus in this good social experience makes the employees effective
and supportive that reflects high development and growth of workers in
business environment.
The negative factors employees experience as a result of their job
roles
Employees are essential asset of each and every business enterprise. Hence
it represent several negative factors that employee experience while performing the
job role at workplace:
 Workplace conflicts- Within an organization, workplace conflicts are one of
the major factor that employee experienced at workplace. Conflicts are mainly
occur within business firm due to difference in ideas, working criteria etc. that
raise conflicts and stress in employees mind at the time of performing job role.
Therefore it create conflicts due to which business goals are not achieved on
time (Austin and et. al., 2020). It represent negative factor that employee
experience when they perform the job role. For instance- In terms of Waitrose
manager adopts democratic leadership style where every one has right to
share ideas and manager select one that create conflicts among workers and
because of this goals are not attain on appropriate time.
 Inappropriate working condition- It represent another negative factor that
employee experience while working and it impact their job role. In an
organisation if there is ineffective working condition then employees are not
fully engaged at job role that create depression and dissatisfaction among
workers. Due to this negative outcome would be presented because
employees does not perform the job role in appropriate manner (Nolen, 2020).
In this manager of enterprise does not treat employees properly and guide
them properly that create bad image of business at marketplace.
Strategies to cope with negative factors employees experience as a
result of their job roles
To overcome the negative factor that employees of business enterprise face
at result of their job roles various strategies are suggested. In this organization highly
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emphasis on including employees in decision making process without provide any
shock so that they inhale several knowledge regarding goal accomplishment so that
targets are attained on set time frame. Another strategy is that employer need to
develop learning culture which is used to develop career and enjoy more profitable
results at marketplace. Hence this is used to create friendly environment where
employees problems are solved and conflicts are not created at workplace
(Anderman, 2020).
Conclusion
From the above report it is to be concluded that recognizing the reason of why
people work is very essential for an organization to attain targets on set time period.
This report inculcates various factors of motivation which are useful to motivate
workers properly. As this report also helps to understood positive and negative factor
that employee experience at workplace while performing the job role. Hence at last it
demonstrate various strategies to cope with negative factors so that employees are
encouraged towards effective working and company targets are attained on time.
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References
Books and Journal
Anderman, E.M., 2020. Achievement motivation theory: Balancing precision and
utility. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 61. p.101864.
Ann, S. and Blum, S.C., 2020. Motivating senior employees in the hospitality
industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.
Austin, L.C. and et. al., 2020. Using grounded theory and mental modeling to
understand influences on electricians’ safety decisions: Toward an
integrated theory of why electricians work energized. Safety Science. 130.
p.104826.
Bartsch, S. and et. al., 2020. Leadership matters in crisis-induced digital
transformation: how to lead service employees effectively during the COVID-
19 pandemic. Journal of Service Management.
Dörnyei, Z., 2020. Innovations and challenges in language learning motivation.
Routledge.
Falout, J., 2020. 7. Researching Motivational Resonance Hands-on: Learner Self-
concepts, Learning Groups and Educational Cultures. In Complexity
Perspectives on Researching Language Learner and Teacher
Psychology (pp. 103-119). Multilingual Matters.
Jessri, M., Kosmidou, V. and Ahuja, M.K., 2020. Employees’ decision to participate
in corporate venturing: A conjoint experiment of financial and non-financial
motivations. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13, p.e00161.
Li, W. and et. al., 2020. Unlocking employees’ green creativity: The effects of green
transformational leadership, green intrinsic, and extrinsic motivation. Journal
of Cleaner Production. 255. p.120229.
Mills, D.J. and Allen, J.J., 2020. Self-determination theory, internet gaming disorder,
and the mediating role of self-control. Computers in Human Behavior, 105,
p.106209.
Mousavi, R. and et. al., 2020. Effectiveness of privacy assurance mechanisms in
users' privacy protection on social networking sites from the perspective of
protection motivation theory. Decision Support Systems. 135. p.113323.
Nolen, S.B., 2020. A situative turn in the conversation on motivation
theories. Contemporary Educational Psychology. 61. p.101866.
Tran, H. and Smith, D.A., 2020. Designing an employee experience approach to
teacher retention in hard-to-staff schools. NASSP bulletin. 104(2). pp.85-
109.
Wang, C.J., 2020. Managing emotional labor for service quality: A cross-level
analysis among hotel employees. International Journal of Hospitality
Management. 88. p.102396.
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