Influence of Organizational Culture, Politics, and Power on Behavior and Performance | Desklib

This document discusses the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team behavior and performance. It explores different theories of motivation and motivational techniques used to achieve organizational objectives. The case study focuses on Google and its organizational behavior practices. Find detailed information and study material on organizational behavior at Desklib.

Organizational Behavior
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Determine the influence of the organizational culture, politics and power on the individuals
and team members behaviour and performance..........................................................................3
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................6
P2 Determine the process theories of motivation and motivational techniques in order to
achieve the organisational objective...........................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3 Differentiate between effective and ineffective teams...........................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P4 Describe the concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour ..................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
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INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is define as the process in which the behaviour of the
employees within the organisation determines the culture and the working environment
(Anagnostopoulos and Papadimitriou, 2017). It helps in enhancing the productivity and brings
more effectiveness in the operations of business with the motive to provide benefit to the
company. Basically primary motive of the organisational behaviour is to provide social and
economical benefit to the organisation. The report is base in the Google LLC. The company was
established in California, US and is providing services to people all across the globe and helping
various businesses to grow and develop. In this report organisational behaviour of the google is
taken into consideration. The influence of culture, politics and many other factors impact on the
organisational behaviour of Google, motivation theories and motivational techniques
implementation in order to achieve organisational goals. Explain effective and ineffective team
and the philosophies of the organizational behaviour.
TASK 1
Determine the influence of the organizational culture, politics and power on the individuals and
team members behaviour and performance.
Organizational behaviour is define as the process in which different areas of the business
operations are been studied in order to make improvement in them with the motive to provide job
satisfaction and enhance their performance. In context of Google the company has started its
business in year 1998 in the field of search engine and with the increase in the activities it
becomes difficult for the company to manage all the operations. Hence it becomes important for
the company to focus on its organisational behaviour and make changes in its existing structure.
The company introduce a partner company named as Alphabet which has provided support to
google in managing its diverse work activities. The organisational culture has influenced the
operations and functioning of the Google (Bissell, 2012).
Organisational culture influence on the activities of Google
Organisational culture is define as the process in which the beliefs, values, attitude, etc of
the employees are been identified and evaluated within the operations of business in order to
control and monitor the activities of business. In context of google its mission is to provide each
type of information in the most desirable manner to the public around the world. There are
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different theories of organisational culture and the theory demonstrated by Charles Handy is
been explained below-
 Power culture- In this type of culture the power is been allocated to few qualified
individuals in the organisation who are responsible to take decisions regarding the
operations of business.
 Role culture- The company which follows the role culture in its business operations take
decisions according to the rules and regulations which are been formulated by the higher
authorities. Therefore they work according to the rule book and this culture is mainly
followed in the organisations having hierarchical structure.
 Task culture- This type of culture is been adopted by the organisations which work on
different projects as there are diverse set of activities to be performed. The main motive
of this culture is to focus on timely completion of task hence the power don't remain in
one hand it keeps on shifting according to various projects.
 Person culture- In this type of culture the employees work together but they relay on their
personal opinions and function according to their professional capabilities.
In context of Google the company has diverse set of activities to perform so they have
adopted the task culture in its business operations (Butler and Rose, 2011). The company is
operating at global level and dealing in digital technology hence they understand the impact of
globalization on the culture of the company. Hence, they function according to current business
environment and the current marketing trends.
Hofsteide model of organisational culture
 Power Distance- This is a type of culture take place when there is need to distributed the
power among the skilled employees with the motive to complete the task on time. In
context of Google, they don't control there employees that is they have power to take
decisions regarding work (CHEN and et.al., 2013).
 Masculinity vs Femininity- It refers to the different values and beliefs of males and
females as they function differently in the organisation. In context of Google they
consider both makes and females equally capable of performing task and activities.
 Individualism- Many organisations functions on the bases of individualism and not belief
in team work. In context of google the operational activities are carried in teams hence
provide effective results.
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 Uncertainties Avoidance Index- This type of culture helps in dealing with uncertainties in
order to make sure that it would not effect the operations of business. In context of
Goggle they are dealing in digital world which is always uncertain in nature so they need
to be prepared in order to deal with uncertainties.
 Long term orientation- In context of Google, the workforce is attracted to its business
culture hence they focus on long term orientation programs (Cooper, Johnson and
Holdsworth, 2012).
Network theory of Organisational culture
The management team of Google corporate with other departments in order to develop
strong network with them so that they would be able to function more effectively.
System theory of Organisational culture
In context of Google, they follow open ended system in its business operations as it helps
in cooperating with changing business environment.
Influence of politics
Organisational politics refers as important part of the organisation where they have
capability to influence the behaviour of the employees in order to drive benefit from them.
Politics in organisation is of the common factor where individuals with better political skills able
to adjust in the assign job role and would be able to enhance their skills. The resources are
limited in the company and the employees are responsible to drive effective results from those
available resources (del Mar Alonso-Almeida and Rodríguez-Antón, 2011). Due to these
situation the misunderstanding and conflicts take place in the organisation among the employees
which will affect the organizational objectives. Google focus on both type of recruitment
methods in order to get the best suitable candidate for the desire job role. Google practices
ethical politics to make good coordination between employs. Internal recruitment helps in
motivating the employees to perform better where as external recruitment helps in hiring fresh
talent. Moreover they focus on proper training and development of employees as they are
important and valuable assets of the business which helps in providing effective results to
company. Google provide bonuses to its employees in order to motivate them and provide them
direction which helps in their growth and development. They allocate bonuses in various three
forms that are peer bonuses, performance bonuses and collective bonuses. Moreover they follow
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grading scale in order to obtain desire results and scale the performance of employees on the
scale of 0 to 1.
Influence of Power
It play crucial role in the activities of the organisation as the power hold by one
individual in the organisation on the bases of their capabilities has impact on the other members
of the organisation. Power with managers help them in providing right direction to its employees
so that they would be able to achieve their personal goals as well as organisational goals. The
control of power within the organisation take place in two way that is formal control of power
and informal control of power. In the formal control of power the positions are hold by
individuals on the bases of their skills and the organisational structure of the company. In the
informal control of power the positions and the responsibilities are assign on the bases of the
relations where the negative use of political power take place. In context of google they follow
formal control of power in order to avoid all type of negative activities or practices at workplace.
The management of Google exercise power as follow-
 Coercive power- In this type of power the higher authorities use their political power
which has negative impact on the employees such as pay cut, lay off, etc.
 Reward power- In this type of power the higher authorities have positive impact on the
employees that according to performance of the employees benefit are provided to them
such as bonuses, perks, increment, etc.
 Feedback- On the bases of employees work and their suggestion regarding management
of work operations help them in gaining intangible rewards (Fuchs and Edwards 2012).
Google uses reward power to motivate its employees for performing better.
TASK 2
Determine the process theories of motivation and motivational techniques in order to achieve the
organisational objective.
It is the driving force which comes from a motive to take actions and for satisfying needs.
It is the inner feeling which drives human behaviour in a particular direction. Thus, motivation is
a process which leads to increase in the productivity of a person. It is a psychological state that
guides and maintains a desired behaviour based on needs and wants of the individuals.
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Intrinsic motivation- It is defined as a behaviour driven by internal rewards and provide
fulfilment in the attainment of internal desires. This includes internal satisfaction, happiness, joy
and contentment in achieving internal needs of an individual.
Extrinsic motivation- It is guided by external rewards and other external factors thus
leading to an reward driven behaviour. It includes praise, recognition, fame or money etc which
helps in deriving desired action or behaviour (Jacobs and Manzi, 2020).
In context of Google they apply both types of motivation factors that is intrinsic and
extrinsic in order to motive its work force to perform better and efficiently.
Following are theories of Motivation-
 Maslow's need hierarchy- In this Maslow has stated that human needs are divided into
five hierarchy which starts from achieving fundamental needs to self- actualisation. It is
accomplished by progressively satisfying different needs at every level of the hierarchy.
This includes physiological and safety needs such as food, shelter, safety and security etc.
Psychological needs include belongingness and esteem needs such as relationships,
friends, prestige and fame of accomplishment. Eventually reaching to the peak of the
pyramid and finding meaning of life. Self fulfilment needs include achieving one's full
potential such as creativity and self discovery. Humans are psychologically motivated to
better themselves and reaching towards their full potential need of self-actualization. In
context of Google they are functioning on the concept of Maslow’s need hierarchy where
they are able to satisfy the needs and wants of its customers.
 Herzberg's theory- In this theory a relationship between employee attitude and
workplace motivation is studied. This leads to the discovery of two factor or hygiene and
motivators theory. According to Herzberg, the scale ranges from satisfaction to no
satisfaction and dissatisfaction to no dissatisfaction for evaluating level of employees job
satisfaction factors. Motivators include achievement, responsibility, recognition, growth
and advancement etc. Hygiene factors include supervision, company policies, work
conditions, work culture, remuneration and job security etc. These factors should be
present for keeping employees motivated and satisfied (Kalliath and et.al., 2010). Google
uses this theory in order to establish strong relation with its employees.
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 Alderfer's ERG theory- In this, Alderfer has simplified and extended maslow's need
hierarchy into three needs for motivation. These are existence, relatedness and growth
need of an individual. It has covered five stages of maslow into three flexible, simpler
and broader classes. Existence needs includes physiological and safety needs of maslow
need hierarchy. This states the fundamental needs of an individual to be fulfilled for
keeping individuals motivated. Relatedness includes social and esteem needs in which
aspiration for building interpersonal relationships are addressed. Growth needs covers
self development and actualisation in which personal growth and development is
considered to satisfy highest order need of an individual.
Process theory of motivation
The main motive of these theories is to evaluate the process of motivation so that
organisations can take benefit of them-
 Adam's equity theory of motivation- The concept of this theory is that when people are
treated with equality at workplace they feel motivated and provide effective results
(Kazemipour and Mohd Amin, 2012). The focus of this theory is to promote the input-
contribution-reward in the organisation where the employees who have contributed the
same must be treated as same in terms of rewards and appraisal. In context of google, it
treats it employees equally and provide them support in order to help them in achieving
their personal goals. They provide increment on the bases of input-contribution-reward.
 Vroom's expectancy theory- According to this theory the one's belief regarding the work
or planning is so strong that it has capabilities to provide desire results and outcome. The
decision is taken by one person and it is judged on the bases needs, equity and
reinforcement concept.
 Locke's goal-setting theory- According to this theory on the bases of specific goal or
target the activities are been carried away in the organisation and that specific objective
become the ideal behaviour. The management is responsible to set the targets and
attainable challenges in order to accomplish the desire results in time. In context of
Google, they set targets for its employees in order to meet the required set of objectives
on time. Moreover on the bases of the targets and challenges they provide benefits to ist
employees in order to motivate them to perform better (Larijani and Saravi-Moghadam,
2018).
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Behavioural psychology
It is a concept which focus on the human mind and their behaviour in context of the
changes in the environment that is how they deal with them.
Emotional Intelligence- It is term as the behaviour of individual who is able to understand
the emotions of others and able to connect positively connect with them (McLennan, 2013).
Moreover it helps in formulating strong relations among employees of the organisation as they
are able to connect, influence and interact with each other which helps them in meeting the
challenges. In context of Google, the company focus on employing those people who have high
emotional intelligence and also have soft skills which helps them to work effectively and
efficiently in the team. They are one who understands the importance of various factors or
elements taking place at the workplace hence cooperative with the management and provide
effective results.
Psycho-dynamic approach to behaviour- According to this model the mental activities of
humans are mostly subconscious which play crucial role in determining their conscious
behaviour. Most of the time on the bases of subconscious mind human take decisions which
determines their personality.
Task vs. Relationship leadership- Task leadership is the business approach where the
main focus of the leaders is on the achievement of the assigned tasks or targets. The task oriented
leaders only consider and focus on formulating strategies and plan in order to accomplish them
and do not pay any attention on building inter-personal relations with its team members. On the
other hand the primary motive of relationship leaders is to focus on building strong relations with
its team members in order to motive them. They help their team members in accomplishing the
set target by guiding them and enhancing their skills and abilities (Mogotsi, Boon and Fletcher,
2011). In context of google, the management of company consider both the approaches
important as they use both the methods according to the different situations. As they are
operating at globe level with diverse set of activities so require both the methods in order to
achieve the set targets and activities son time.
Role of HR- Human resource department play very important role in the growth and
development of the company. In context of Google they are responsible to manage the human
resource of the company and solve all the issues or complexity faced by them. Moreover they are
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responsible managing and maintaining the flexible working hours, need to focus on the
performance of its employees and should provide them appraisals accordingly.
TASK 3
Differentiate between effective and ineffective teams.
Team is defined as the process in which different opinion individuals come together to
carry business operations in order to drive the common goals or objectives.
Types of team
 Functional team- This type of team is based on the allocation of job roles and the
authorities within the company. In context of Google the functions take place on the
bases of different departments with the motive to help them in meeting the goals and
objectives of the company (Muchiri, Shahid and Ayoko, 2019).
 Problem-solving- These are those type of teams which take place in organisations with
the motive to solve the issues and problems that are happening at the workplace.
 Project team- This type of team take place in order to accomplish the common objective
on the bases of assigned task or project. In context of google they are taking place in
order to achieve the objectives of different projects.
Differentiate between team and group
BASIS TEAMS GROUPS
Define It is team as the function in
which different employees
come together to perform
common activity.
In comparison to team the
group has no such goal or
objective that is simple they
belong to one group but
perform activities individually.
Formation The formation of team is on
the bases of operation need to
be performed and according to
the skills and abilities of
different people.
The reason behind formation
of group is similarities in terms
of though process and in terms
of work operations.
Structure Team are form on the bases of Group take place on the bases
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professional objective that is
has formal structure.
of preferences of people hence
follow in category of informal
structure.
Focus The teams are form on the
bases of fulfilling specific
objective that is have
collective focus.
Groups are formed on the
bases of personal choice and
preferences of individuals that
is have individual focus.
Knowledge As individuals work together
in team to accomplish
common objective then surely
they will get to learn
something new.
In the context of group it is not
compulsory or necessary to
acquire knowledge.
Tuckman's team development model
This model has been established by Bruce Tuckman and is explain in 5 stages which
helps organisation in driving effective results (Strongman, 2013).
 Forming stage- This is the introductory stage in which the business objective is been
explained to individuals with the motive to establish interaction among the members.
 Storming stage- This is the second stage in which the team members start functioning
according to the assigned roles and responsibility (Sridhar, 2011).
 Norming stage- This is the third phase in which activities are been performed by the
members that is it is in process state.
 Performing stage- It is the forth stage in which the activities and responsibilities are been
carried according to the requirements of the business.
 Adjourning stage- It is the last stage in which after completion of task the team members
are been separated.
Kotter’s eight step model
 Increase urgency- In the business many time work need to be completed on urgent bases
so they should be ready in advance to deal with such type of situations.
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 Building Guiding team- In every team there should be guiding person who provide right
path to the members of team and focus on effective completion of task.
 Develop the vision- The company should focus on formulating vision as with define set
of objectives company would able to develop better strategies and work more efficiently.
 Communicate for Buy in- The vision must be communicated to each and every members
and work should carried according to the goals and objectives.
 Empower action- The management should focus on the taking effective actions after
formulation of plans and strategies.
 Create Short term wins- With the help of short term objectives the company would able
to accomplish them quickly which helps in increasing the motivation among employees
and provide effective results which helps in accomplishment of long term objectives.
 Don’t let up- If company face any failure or problem in the operations they should not
lose hope and should work more efficiently in order to accomplish its desire results.
 Make change Stick- In business environment changes can take place at any time due to
impact of various factors so its important to be prepared and ready to face those changes.
Nudge theory
This theory was formulated by Richard H Thaler and Cass R Sunstein where main focus
is on plan of decisions, which impacts the choices we make. Prod hypothesis recommends that
the planning of decisions ought to be founded on how individuals really think and choose
(naturally and rather nonsensically), instead of how pioneers and specialists customarily (and
regularly erroneously) accept individuals think and choose (legitimately and reasonably).
Soft and Hard communication
Soft communication helps in building inter-personal skills which helps in accomplishing
the organisational objectives (Verma and Mohapatra, 2020). Where as hard skills refers to the
technical and core knowledge which helps in accomplishing the objectives which are technical
based. In context of Google, the company uses both the soft skills and the hard skills in order to
accomplish its desire objectives.
Co-operation and competition
Co-operation is defined as the process in which the employees are motivated to work
collectively in order to accomplish the business objective. Where as competition is term as the
process in which employees are differentiated and motivated to perform better than others. IN
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context of Google, the mangers are capable of establishing the balance between the both and
know which process they need to adopt according to the different situations.
Benefits and risks of team
A team would be able to perform better and provides better results as different people
with different mindset work together and able to develop the moist effective work strategy in
order to achieve the set objective. The common difficulties and risk which take place while
working in team are interpersonal conflicts, division of work and many more (Wong, Wong and
Ngo, 2012).
Psychological contract
The mental agreement alludes to the unwritten arrangement of desires for the business
relationship as particular from the formal, classified work contract. Taken together, the mental
agreement and the work contract characterize the business worker relationship.
TASK 4
Describe the concept and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Organisational behaviour is define as the process in which the human behaviour play
significant role in determining the goals and objectives of the organisation. In context of google
it helped in identifying the behaviour of its employees and they use Path goal theory in
evaluating the employees on the bases of their performance and to direct and motivate them to
achieve the objective of the company. The factors which influence their operations are explained
below-
 Directive- This a factor which is been adopted by the leaders that is they help its team
members to perform more effectively in the business activities in order to achieve the
assigned task on time. They provide support to its team members by directing them in the
right direction and focus on enhancing their skills so that they would be able to enhance
their capabilities (Wood and et.al., 2013).
 Supportive- The leaders with the supportive behaviour provide benefit to both the
employees and the organisation. They motivate and corporate with employees so that
they would be able to meet the objectives on time. In context of Google, the supportive
nature of leaders help them in dealing with the critical situations and uncertainties.
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 Participative- The leaders who establish strong inter-personal relations with its employees
and participate in the business operations by monitoring and controlling there actions
helps in driving better results (Xerri and Brunetto, 2013).
Contingency theory- It is the most effective theory which helps in accomplishing the desire
results as the management of the company is responsible to formulate the effective business
strategies and to take effective business decisions. In context of Google, this theory is been used
by the management in order to identify the difficulties and the methods to deal with them.
Situational theory- This theory is been used by companies in order to deal with different
situations which are uncertain in nature. This method helps in driving the effective results it
involves taking decisions and formulating strategies on the time when difficult situation take
place and hence help the company in accomplishing the objectives and goals.
Theories
 Hierarchy of Needs: Maslow’s theory of hierarchy need is published in his book
Motivation and Personality. This provides a framework for gaining employees’
commitment.
 Hygiene and Motivational Factors: Frederick Herzberg developed a list of factors which
are closely based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, except it more closely related to
work. Hygiene factors must be present in the job before motivators can be used to
stimulate the workers.
 Theory X and Theory Y: Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y principles
influence the design and implementation of personnel policies and practices.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that how people behave in the organisation.
There are number of factors which influence persons behaviour and attitude within an individual
or an environment. Organisational behaviour give a knowledge about how employees work in an
organisation in order to reach its quality of performance. Organisation fulfils the basic
requirement of the employees in terms of needs and wants, rest and job security , good pay and
allowances. This encourage the workforce to do their task at a standard time with excellent
performance. Organisational behaviour enhance the company to cope up with technological ,
social and cultural issues and creates a healthy environment.
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