Organizational Behaviour and Leadership Studies

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of organisational behaviour and leadership studies. It covers essential theories of motivation and leadership by Miner (2015), the expectancy theory by Vroom (2018), and Charles Handy's typology model of organisational culture. The assignment also discusses the role of work culture in improving organisational health, as per Patnaik (2011). Furthermore, it explores group development stages in open government data engagement initiatives using a comparative case studies analysis approach. The notes include illustrations of different organisational culture models and Maslow's hierarchical needs theory.

UNIT 12 OB

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Influence of power, culture and politics on individual and team performance of
organization.................................................................................................................................1
M1 Critical analysis of influence of power, culture and politics................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluation of content and process theories of motivation on effective accomplishment of
goals of firm................................................................................................................................6
M3 Critical analysis of impact of motivational theories.............................................................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3 and M3 Analysis of effective team as compared to ineffective team and group
development theories to support growth of dynamic cooperation..............................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P4 Concepts and Philosophies of Organizational behaviour....................................................11
M4 Influence of concepts and philosophies of OB on individual behaviour............................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior plays a vital role in studying nature of people working within
groups in a firm. Managing OB in an enterprise is essential because it aids in coordinating
functions and efforts of employees towards one common goal. It enables clear understanding of
people behaviors when working within firm. The assessment will derive influence of power,
politics and culture of 4 Com PLC is a telecommunication firm. It is medium size business
organization with the motive of serving consumer satisfaction by innovating new tel com
schemes and services.
Further, the study will outline content and process theory of motivation which is
necessary of accomplishing goals of firm. Further, it will analyze effective team and group
development theories which play vital role in managing team dynamics within company. Thus, it
will evaluate concepts and philosophies of OB which impact individual behavior within
organization.
TASK 1
P1 Influence of power, culture and politics on individual and team performance of organization
Influence of power, culture and politics in an organization creates a major change in
employee behavior and productivity. It is the responsibility of HR manager of a company to
ensure stable changes to manage sustainable employees' performance. The focus of HR manager
of 4 Com telecommunication PLC is on implementing handy cultural typology model which
helps the professional in analyzing impact of culture. Power, role and politics. The model is
effective because it regulated the control over all 4 factors for improving workers performance
and managing organizational behavior (Russo and et.al., 2013). The influence of power, culture,
politics on team and individual performance is discussed below:
Power: Power is the most influential factors of organization behavior as it indicates
authority of decision making. These are the individual who enjoy certain privileged and rights in
comparison to other employee working at same level of company. In 4 com Plc the focus of HR
manager is on equal distribution of power in order to avoid conflicts and protect motivation of
employees (Patnaik, 2011). The telecommunication firm aim at distributing power according to
job role and individual performance. This strategy is effective as it supports improvement in staff
performance and promotes equal and safe distribution of power. The focus of management is on
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giving staff liberty to express own feelings and ideas in open forum which help in over
shadowing influence of power with an enterprise.
Task: Task culture deals with formation of team within an organization which are
formed with certain motive like grouping different people specific goal. In this focus of business
in or targeting employee from every department. It is the most controversial team formation
which lead to conflicts and influence decision making. The focus of management of 4 Com tele
communication Plc in or grouping employee according to their job role a willingness. Further the
manager enables training session which helps in developing sen of represents among group
members for each other (Patnaik, 2011). However, it is the strategy which helps the company in
establishing safe and effective task culture. The task team are formed to resolve particular
problem by developing objectives for managing risks.
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Illustration 1: Power culture of Charles Handy Typology Model
(Source: Turlais and Dubkevics, 2017)

Person: Person culture in an organization deals with politics where employees have no
personal connect with company and its objectives. In this employee work with own motive
which is sake of earning money, destroying employee employer relationship, influencing work
culture and disrupting stable working environment. The HR manager of 4 Com Plc is focused on
managing political culture within organization by regularly conducting one to one session where
the professional aim at understanding and sorting individual problem at own level. This helps the
manager in determining root cause of various employees concerns which can hamper
productivity of business. Further, tele communication conducts session with the motive of
explaining workers about goals and objectives of business which needs to be priority for
employee regardless of person grudges which impact organizational behavior. The influence of
politics is seen when individual starts considering them superiors from management and
business. Further, it occurs when there is a power with one individual of a group.
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Illustration 2: Task culture of Charles Handy Typology Model
(Source: Turlais and Dubkevics, 2017)

Role: Every team or individuals in an organization owns delegation, role and
responsibilities. The distribution of role among employees is done on the basis of their
qualification, skills, specialization and interest in specific working area of an enterprise. The HR
manager of 4 Com telecommunication Plc control role culture by distributing and segregating
job function among individual and team according to their willingness. This helps the business in
protecting individual interest within organization and its goals (Turlais and Dubkevics, 2017). It
is the supportive efforts which encourages coordination and cooperation among worker. In
addition, The management of firm aim at making employee understand importance of power
which come with responsibility which is concerned with role. Thus, deriving relationship
between cultural factors of business helps HR manager in promoting effective work culture.
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Illustration 3: Person culture of Charles Handy Typology Model
(Source: Turlais and Dubkevics, 2017)

M1 Critical analysis of influence of power, culture and politics
Influence of power, politics and culture in team and individual behavior with firm are
crucial factors of effective work culture. These are the factors which are placed together to make
workers work for common goal with coordination, time management and integrated working
efficiency. On other hand, it can be argued that the analysis of these factors leads to
differentiation among employees according to politics, and power which is sometime effective of
managing employee contribution and job role (do Carmo Silva and Gomes, 2015).
The approach is used by HR manager as it promotes responsible work culture and stress
free working environment. However, management accordingly cultural typology can led to mis
management and unrest among workers which is again disruptive for stable business
environment and sustainable employees' performance. The management can not completely
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Illustration 4: Role culture of Charles Handy Typology Model
(Source: Turlais and Dubkevics, 2017)

eliminate power culture because it is necessary for organization to have expert opinion over
certain situation. Also, it can not be eliminated when there is a hierarchical bureaucracy and
highly defines business structure.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluation of content and process theories of motivation on effective accomplishment of
goals of firm
Motivation is the key of employees behavior and performance in an organization For
managing stable and positive work culture. It is necessary for a business focus on motivation of
workers in order to fulfill human needs at work place. There are various type of encourage which
staff look for from management like, power, attitude, achievement. Competence, fear, incentive
and affiliation (Miner, 2015). There are types of motivation theories that is content and process
wherein content the models aim at changing needs of employee with time. In accordance with
content approaches, it can be said that 4 Com tele communication firm need to focus on regular
changes in business culture and employees needs with regard to safety, self esteem, etc.
However, process models of motivation is based on basic employee motivation needs. It
is incorporated by HR manager after understanding question that is what are the basic things
which leads to workers motivation. This is based on belief decision and desired outcomes by
appraising three factors that is power, achievement and affiliation.
Content theory of motivation
Maslow – hierarchial needs
The theory is proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943 by reviewing psychology of human
motivation. As per the author, it is necessary for the organization to fulfill individual needs in
order to boost their morale for working. HR manager of 4 Com telecommunication Plc makes
use of content theory in order to meed hierarchical needs of workers which is as follows: Self actualization: This factor focuses on managing innovation, morality and problem
solving approach of management (Sanjeev and Surya, 2016). For attaining this HR
manager of 4 com Plc conducts regular one to one session for understanding their
workplace issues. Further, the organization form groups of different functional units
which helps the business in managing creativity in organizational activities.
 Esteem: This approach of motivation focuses on self esteem, respect, achievement and
confidence which pay a crucial in controlling individual behavior. The focus of Hr
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management of 4 Com Plc is on focused distribution of role and power which is the best
strategy of managing workers' motivation. In addition, the management aim at
understanding need to each employee to fulfill individual self esteem needs. Further, the
management aim at regular analysis of employees performance on the basis of which
awards are given and is effective in enabling sense of achievement and confidence among
staff.
 Belongingness: It comprises sense of friendship, love, intimacy, family which helps the
employee in contributing to workplace. In order to attain these factors, HR manager of 4
Com Plc organizes regular informal training session which helps employees in getting
friendly (Healy, 2016). Further, there is no interruption of management in person
relationship of workers at workplace which helps in gaining there a boosting their morale
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Illustration 5: Maslow – hierarchical needs

of working. Friendship is the core criteria which is supported by company because it
helps the business in managing effective coordination and cooperation among workforce. Safety: It comprises factors like, employment security, use of resources, health, secure
work environment, etc. To meet these factor management of telecommunication firm has
complied with health and safety regulation. Further, the management conducts regular
inspection of firm in order to assure that every person is working under safe working
condition. Further, there is pantry facility for every employee and have clean and
appropriate sanitation facility to assist every workers needs equally.
Process theory of motivation
Vroom expectancy theory
This theory is implemented in tele communication company to understand the concept s and
ways of motivating employees. In this the focuses of organization is regularly analyzing the
needs of changing in motivation pattern. The process helps in determining unique methods of
encouraging employee to work (Hsu, Shinnar and Powell, 2014). The theory and motivation
methods are completely related to workplace and employee performance. This approach
separates motivation and performance of employees in two segments. The theory is implied by
firm to increase outcome by reliving pain. It is based on individual efforts, personality, skills,
knowledge and behavior towards working.
For example, 4 com tele communication company implements use of Vroom motivation
theory at the time of increasing pressure of competitors as well as markets. In this the focus of
management is making employee work regardless of interest and time. Like this the company
enables extra benefits and incentives to boost individual morale of earning by working extra.
Such schemes are given to gain extra efforts of workers for organizational benefits by enabling
them monetary benefits.
In accordance with this theory expectancy is related to increased effort and performance
of workers for which organization assures availability of resources, appropriate skills and
support to complete work. Further, the theory aim at instrumentality where the management aim
at developing clear understanding over performance and outcomes (Nimri, Bdair and Al Bitar,
2015). Further trust in people is another aspect of v room expectancy theory which helps the
business sin booting employees performance. Thus, to attain these outcomes the company
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enables transparency among employees efforts and final outcome. The process of clear
determination helps the business in employees motivation and managing work as well.
M3 Critical analysis of impact of motivational theories
Motivation theories are of different types that is process and content. Both the aspects are
completely different from each other but the goals is based on encouraging employee
productivity and performance. In accordance with concept theory it can be said that motivation is
based on meeting self esteem needs of workers because it is the basic factors which encourages
willingness of individual to work with firm. On the other hand, process theory changes at every
level and based on attaining certain outcomes.
TASK 3
P3 and M3 Analysis of effective team as compared to ineffective team and group development
theories to support growth of dynamic cooperation
Effective team within an organization aim at contributing their efforts towards one
common goals and objectives. The focus of workers in on coordinating and cooperating with
each other regardless of individual differences. Effective team within 4 com tele communication
firm are straightforward, honest and reliable. These characteristic of group help the firm in make
differentiate and work oriented team which are better than ineffective team where employees
work together but lack coordinating, reliability and support which leads to mismanagement
Apart from this, positive attitude, appropriate communication skills and supportive are
core trait which implies effective team for which 4 com tele communication company conducts
training session in order to evaluate individual interest towards goals and business (Kitchin,
2017). Further the tele communication firm has formed different type of team in order to make
easy distribution and segregation of work which are as follows:
 Virtual team: This team of 4 com work from different geographical location and are
segregated according to customer service areas. These are directly connected with
company via technology. Employees are focuses on internal management like serve,
schemes, market research, etc.
 Problems solving team: These are the consumer care team which represent problems of
purchaser. The team are in direct interact with customer and resolves their regular tel com
issues. The individuals are grouped according to their qualifications n d working ability.
The understanding over individual needs helps in effective formation of team.
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 Functional team: This comprise different types of employee and have various job role
which are coordinated and cooperated by management (Bolden, 2016). The working of
employees in this team is different but work with same objective and shared perspective.
Thus, effective team within 4 com Telecommunication Plc are formed with the help of Tuck man
model of group development. In accordance with approach team in formed with the help of
unified steps which are as follows:
 Forming: In this stage interrelationship among employees is formed in order to make
them familiar with work culture and task which the individuals need to perform. In this
the HR management of 4 Com Plc forces on setting ground rules to avoid team conflict
and mismanagement.
 Storming: In this stage the company analyses the ineffectiveness and differences among
employees. It is done to form group unity because this the stage where employee seem
and consider them as individual and not as group (Driskell, Salas and Driskell, 2018). In
this specific structure of group is formed and motivated to coordinate efforts and work
with each other.
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Illustration 6: Tuck man model of group development
(Source: Purwanto, Zuiderwijk and Janssen, 2018)

 Norming: This stage is known as emergence of team where harmony plays a crucial role
because in this employee began to share own unique ideas to attain certain business goals
and objectives. Thus, focus of management during Norming is to settle worker conflict
to preserve harmony.
 Performing: It is the stage of outcome where productive collaboration among staff force
play a crucial role. In this employee of 4 com Plc make constructive attempt to resolve
issue sand work together.
Apart from this, effective team development is regulated by Beblin 9 team roles which enables
supports to HR manager in managing team performance and development. As per nine Beblin
team roles' manager of telecommunication firm act as resource investigator which encourages
team to explore opportunities and working with enthusiast. Further, per team role the manager
analyses team worker and coordination by cooperative behavior of employees and by confidence
over goals. (Coakley, Roberto and Segovis, 2014) In accordance with coordination the
management evaluates workers maturity, talent and clarity over business goals These are the key
factors which helps in gaining insight of employee behavior towards organization and its
productivity.
On the other hand, effective team needs to creative, imaginative to generate unique idea
to boost team goals and performance. In addition, in depth knowledge over key area of working
play a vital role for team because group needs to be quick decision maker. Further, team role of 4
com Plc is based on 3 key roles of Beblin that is shaper, implementer and complete finisher in
this the employees in one group are dynamic to deal with pressure and obstacle. Further, the
working pattern of individual is reliable and practical which enable flexibility for every person in
team. Lastly, the team is responsible and therefore aim at finishing task with complete anxious
and perfects.
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and Philosophies of Organizational behaviour
Concepts and philosophies are completely different from each other but are based on
employee working efficiency and work culture of a company. The concepts of OB which are
considered by 4 com tele communication firm are as follows:
 Individual differences: In accordance with this, it can be articulated that every
employees within an organization are different from each other and so as their working
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pattern and abilities. However, it is important for the HR manager to respect individual
differences where every person needs to accepted with their own identity, way of
working and thinking.
 Motivated behavior: This is related to fulfillment of individual basic self esteem and
psychological needs. The HR manager of 4 com telecommunication Plc aim at managing
motivated behavior of employee by making use of content theory of motivation where the
management organizes informal activities to boost employee relationship (Northouse,
2017). Further, the organization provides safe work culture and environment to boost
employee morale. Thus, this helps the firm in enriching quality of work of staff. Desire for involvement: In this employee are given opportunities to participate in
decision making process of firm. Further the individual are encouraged to share own
ideas and experience for work management. This promotes involvement of workers and
helps in analyzing individual interest towards organizational goals and objectives.
Philosophies of OB
It is concerned with leading of employees which lays crucial role in management of work
and culture. Leading team and individual employee is necessity which helps the business in
coordinating and cooperating efforts of workers.
 Path goal theory: It plays a crucial role in analyzing employees interest in certain work
environment to meet business goals and objectives. It is the type of leadership style
where focuses of management is on empowering employees serving satisfaction and
increasing their morale to work. I accordance with this leadership style the company is
able to consider individual employee characteristics on the basis of which leadership style
is implemented and goals are focused by removing hindrances.
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 Contingency theory: As per this philosophy there is no best way to organize a
corporation, lead a company and make decisions. Therefore, it is necessary for the firm
to evaluate and coordinate with its micro and macro environmental factors. With the help
of this approach 4 com Plc is able to enable importance to leader's personality and the
situation in which that leader operates.
M4 Influence of concepts and philosophies of OB on individual behaviour
Concepts of OB helps the company understanding individual employee perspective
which is most crucial part of motivation and understanding interest of particular towards
business goals and objectives (Coakley, Roberto and Segovis, 2014). However, philosophies are
the strategical approaches that supports leading of team which helps in effective management of
employee as an individuals and as team worker. Bothe the aspects helps HR manager of 4 com
telecommunication Plc in boosting employees morale of working by empowering and involving
workers.
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Illustration 7: Path-Goal Leadership Theory
(Source: Anderson and Sun, 2017)

CONCLUSION
The assessment summarized about organisational behaviour which play a crucial role in
managing effective work culture. The study is based on 4 Com tele communication small
medium sized business which is focusing on managing employee and customer satisfaction. It
outlined influence of politics, power and culture over organisation with the help of Charles
Handy typology. Further, it discussed but content and process theory which are completely
different from each other but helps the manager in managing employee satisfaction with regard
to organisational benefits and individual benefits. On other hand, identified group development
theory by Tuck man which offers focus stages of team formation. Thus, it concluded by concepts
and philosophies of OB which helps the business in determining employee interests and
leadership style which assist the management in coordinated workers efforts towards goals and
objective of an enterprise.
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