Influence of Politics, Culture, and Power on Individual and Team Performance

This report analyzes how politics, culture, and power can influence the attitude and performance of individuals and teams within an organization. It explores different organizational cultures and power dynamics, and discusses various motivation theories that can help achieve organizational objectives. The case study focuses on Sainsbury's Plc, the second largest supermarket chain in the UK.

Organisational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Analyse how politics, culture as well as power can influence the attitude of individual person
and team member or their performance...........................................................................................3
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Determine how content as well as process theory for achieve objective within organisation.. 6
P3 Explain what makes a team ineffective and effective................................................................9
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................11
P4 Discuss various concpets as wel as philosophies which is related to behaviour of individual
person in context of company.......................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................14
Books and Journals:.......................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is considered as a procedure which is used for study of behaviour of
an individual person working within organisation. Along with this, there are various function
included in OB that helps in monitoring, predicting and controlling the attitude of people. The study
of behaviour of individual and group of person helps in boosting profitability as well as efficiency
of business organisation. This concepts is based on different organisational issue such as
performance of subordinates, rewards, business environment and many more (Singh and Rani,
2017). This report includes Sainsbury’s Plc. It is being considered as second largest chain of
supermarket located in UK which deals in variety of products and services in order to satisfy the
need and wants of consumer. This report also shows how various political, power as well as cultural
factor directly effect the functions of business organisation. In addition to this, there are various
models which is used by Sainsbury’s for offering positive ambience to the employees of company.
TASK 1
P1 Analyse how politics, culture as well as power can influence the attitude of individual person
and team member or their performance.
OB is considered as a process of how power, politics and culture imposes direct impact on
performance of individual working in organisation. In relevance with this, the organisation culture
involves belief, attitudes which is monitored by organisation (Oduor, 2020). There are various ways
in which different organisations performed their work for enhancing their efficiency level. There are
different politics, power and culture imposes direct impact on working of subordinates within
company. In reference of Sainsbury’s, it is the well established companies of UK that offer superior
kind of goods and services to its customer. It offer favourable ambience to its subordinates for
accomplishing objective of company. The different thought of organisation culture, power as well as
politics that is given below:
Culture
Organisation culture is considered as a process through which the value Idea belief as well
as exemption regarding how individual person should behave as well as interact with other person
as well as how decision making process is carried on in order to perform the different activity and
work within an organisation in an effective manner.
There are various ways of working within business organisation. It imposes both favourable
and adverse effect on behaviour of person which comply by the company. It generates healthy

atmosphere in organisation and they treat equally to all the subordinate working within workplace.
It increases the trust and loyalty of staff member in the business organisation. But, some companies
do not provide opportunities to subordinates for expressing their views as well as opinions in front
of senior employer of company. Therefore, it reduces the subordinate participation in decision
making process. Along with this, it is essential to offer friendly atmosphere for enhancing
presentation level of employees within organisation. In relation of Sainsbury’s, there are different
kinds of culture adopted by the supervisor is given beneath:
Power Culture: In power culture, there are several policies and regulations which is comply
by all subordinates. There is various powers that is given by the subordinates to take decision in
better way. The staff member is judged according to the speedy decision making. In discourse to
Sainsbury’s, this is a strong belief which is used to take a fast decision within business organisation.
In power culture there is various power in relation to the direction of guidelines of organisation that
is given to subordinates as well as manager that must be followed in order to perform their work in
an effective manner.
Task Culture: In this culture, the team of company are organised for identifying specific
issues as well as problems related to project. The task and work are assigned to its team to complete
them for achieving goal of business and enterprise.
Person Culture: In this culture, the individual person is described as specific for the
business organisation. The existence of company is to improving the working of individual within
company. This is the gathering of person who executes their work for boosting productivity and
profitability level (Ali and Farid, 2016).
Role Culture: This culture is based on various policies as well as regulations. These are
extremely monitored as well as every individual person understands work and role in organisation.
In assistance of this, these are kind of company which is usually rigid.
It is important for Sainsbury’s to provide healthy atmosphere to personnel to accelerate the
performance level individual working within organisation. In assistance of this, it is necessary to
offer awards and incentive to user according to their performance. It brings positivity in the mind of
employees towards work with motive of accomplishing goal in short span of time.
Politics
Politics is one of the factors which directly effect on presentation level of subordinates
within organisation in appropriate way. The main purpose is to disturb personnel towards their
work. The politics occur in almost every business organisation. Due to politics arises within
organisation; it enforces adverse effect on the performance level of employees working in

company.
Demotivation of employees: Sometime the subordinate who take engagement in internal
politics get appraised by the supervisor of company. On the other hand, the individual who make
their efforts in doing hard work as well as they do not connected with their supervisor get
demoralised , if the management team are not provide them rewards and incentives according to the
performance within company.
Productivity is reduced: The person who involved too much in internal politics, they do
not make their efforts in performing their work in efficient manner. Also they are not able to
accomplish goal of business organisation in pre-decided time period.
Ambience is distorted: Due to inner politics, it generate negative atmosphere within
business organisation. The individual who do not perform their work well get involved in nuisance
activities such as making fun of other individual person as well as amusing others and many more.
Therefore, due to these activities, it is impossible for business firm to accomplish its goal and
objective within targeted during interval of time.
In relation of chosen corporation, the manager of this company focuses on avoiding such
type of politics which arise within business organisation. In assistance of this, they emphasised on
increasing the motivation and satisfaction level of subordinate at workplace. It helps in boosting the
awareness among subordinates towards their goals.
Power
Power refers to the capability of individual person provide guidance for performing task in
given period (Zheng and Tanaka, 2017). The manager of Sainsbury’s has power to assign tasks to its
employees for accomplish organisational objective and goal in short span of time. In assistance of
this, the supervisor manager the various functions such as HR, marketing, administration and
finance department. It helps them in taking effective decision which is beneficial for company. The
head authority focuses on motivating employees towards achieving objective. There are different
kind of power connected to Sainsbury’s that is given below:
Legitimate Power: In this the supervisor possesses power of their status or position within
company. They monitor whole structure of business organisation. The main focuses of the
organisation is to control the activities and function of Organisation in effective manner in this
power the manager focuses on controlling different activity in an improved manner during the
period of time.

Reward Power: The manager offer rewards and incentive to its staff member according to
level of performance. The supervisor of Sainsbury’s attracting the subordinates towards work by
giving awards and incentives.
Referent Power: In this power, the main purpose of manager is to maintain trust and loyalty
among the employees of company.
Informative Power: Herein, the manager makes effective strategies and policies in order to
collect information regarding policies which is adopted by competitive firm.
Expert Power: When the individual person is expertise in particular field of business
organisation.
There is various power which is given to the marketing team of Sainsbury’s in order to tackle and
coordinate all the activities and functions of company in suitable manner. In relation of Sainsbury’s,
the manager follows the reward power strategy in order influence employees towards work. They
give incentive and awards to its staff member according to their best performance.
TASK 2
P2 Determine how content as well as process theory for achieve objective within organisation.
Personnel motivation is considered as a procedure by which competence, ability as well as
creativity which must prevailed in staff member of organisation. It is vital for manager to influence
the subordinate that assists in enhancing productivity level (Candelo, 2019). They encourage
employees in such a way which assists in achieving objective in stipulated phase of time. In
discourse to Sainsbury’s, it is one of the well reputed company of UK. Therefore, it is necessary for
supervisor to stimulate the satisfaction and motivation of staff member towards performing the
work in an effective manner. Motivation is part of administration in order to cooperate as well as
motivate its employees for accomplishing goal and objective within given phase of time. There are
various scholars as well as scientist have discuss the motivate theory. These assists in identifying
the need of person for boosting motivation level. There are two kind of motivation which involves
extrinsic and intrinsic motivation that is given beneath:
Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation

It is a kind of motivation which occur from the
inner need of person. Also they do not put
additional efforts for performing their work
well. In addition to this, it is a type of
motivation that is unique and specific which
provide advantage to the company.
Extrinsic motivation is described as a process
which motivate employees through the different
external factor. In assistance of this, there are
various source of motivation which include
power, incentive, rewards, money and many
more.
Motivation Theories: There are various concepts as well as theories which is assessed for
encouraging subordinates towards work. It is vital for employees to develop healthy atmosphere
within workplace. There are different scholars and philosopher who give the motivation theories for
which assists in assessing behaviour of an individual person. Along with this, there are different
kinds of theories of motivation which are used by supervisor of Sainsbury’s which is mentioned
below:
Maslow’s Hierarchy Theory: This is a motivation theory which is founded by Abraham Maslow in
the year 1950. There are different steps involves in given theory. The main purpose of is to satisfy
the primal need of individual in order to satisfy them (Murshid and Mohaidin, 2017). In context of
Sainsbury’s, the supervisor of this company emphasis on influencing staff member by satisfy the
wants and demand at every steps. The main purpose of supervisor is to perform work in order to
achieve goal and objective within stipulated period of time. There are various steps of motivational
theory that is going to be given beneath:
Physiological needs: This is the basic steps of the Maslow need theory. It is necessary to
fulfil the requirement of individual person for increasing presentation level of staff member in
company. The basic needs include food, water and air. The manager of Sainsbury’s fulfilling the
basic need of individual for the survival and maintenance in an effective manner. For example the
Sainsbury’s focuses on satisfying the basic need of the employee such as food water and air that
help in increasing the satisfaction level of employees during the period of time.
Security and Safety need: After satisfy the basic need, it is vital to provide safety and
security to its employees who include job security, assurance as well as old age pension. The
supervisor of Sainsbury’s focuses on protect the individual person by giving them safety and
security. In assistance of this, they offer medical benefits, financial security as well as insurance to
its subordinates in order to increase their performance level within company. For example in case of

security as well as safety need it is necessary for the company to provide medical benefits as well as
financial security that motivate employees to perform their work in a better manner that is
beneficial for organisation.
Social Needs: After satisfying the basic as well as security need, it is necessary to satisfy
their social and belongingness need. In reference of Sainsbury’s, the manager offers all advantage to
its subordinates in order to build their superior position and reputation within society. It is necessary
for organisation to satisfy the social need for example they provide the atmosphere which is friendly
it help them in work in coordination as well as Corporation that help in increasing sales during the
period of time.
Esteem Needs: In this level, the individual person satisfies the need in relation of status,
prestige and self respect. This need occur when above mention need of individual is satisfied. The
supervisor of Sainsbury’s gives rewards and incentive to its subordinates for performing work well
within organisation. It is necessary to fulfil the prestige self respect as well as status of the
individual person at workplace and also provide them the awards in execute their task in well
defined manner.
Self- Actualisation Needs: At this aspect, all need & requirement of individual is satisfied.
The high authority of Sainsbury’s emphasised on employees who perform their work in an effective
way And satisfy their self-actualisation need in an effective manner. For example the manager of the
company focuses on providing all the above mention need that help in motivating them towards
executing their work in better way.
Vroom’s Expectancy theory: It is a kind of motivational theory that is given Victor Vroom
in the year 1964 (Olry-Louis, 2018). There are three types of factor included in given theory which
is given beneath:
Expectancy: As per this procedure, it is needed for subordinate to gain the quality of task or
work for performing the organisations activities and function in appropriate manner. If they are not
conducting their task in improved manner then it directly affect the productivity of business
organisation.
Instrumentality: If the employees are motivated then they conduct task in improved
manner that assists company in achieving goal in short span of time. Therefore, the supervisor of
Sainsbury’s provide opportunity to staff member to take participation in decision related to the
future success of company.
Valence: According to this level, it is necessary to identify the need and requirement of
individual working within company. The top management of Sainsbury’s provides awards as well as

incentive to its subordinates according to their performance at workplace.
In relation with selected enterprise there are approx. 4, 40,000 subordinates who work in
this corporation. It is important to make a balance between various strategies, plan their work as
well as human resource for the future success and growth of Sainsbury’s. Beside form this, there are
different problems and issues face by the employees in order to motivate the subordinates towards
work. In assistance of this, the management team of organisation encourages its employees by
giving awards and incentive based on their performance level. Along with this, the supervisor of
this company started different program for the youth generation that assists in enhancing career in
upcoming phase of time.
P3 Explain what makes a team ineffective and effective.
Team is considered as a group of person who perform their task in order to achieve goal and
objective within stipulated period of time. It helps in boosting the efficiency as well as productivity
level of company (MWENJE, 2018). In reference of Sainsbury’s, the management team of this
company coordinate the member of team in order to complete the task and work in appropriate
manner. There are two kind of team which involves ineffective as well as effective team. There are
various features and benefits of both teams which is going to be mentioned below:
Ineffective team are those in which there is no clarify goal and objective. They have no idea
regarding the mission and vision of company. It occurs conflicts as well as grievances among the
member of team. It directly impact the productivity of company in adverse manner. Effective team
have clear about their goal and objectives. The team member focuses on completing their work and
task within given time in better way. This is advantageous for company and improve their future
success and profitability level.
Team development Theory ( Tuckman)
This theory was founded by Bruce Tuckman in the year of 1965. This is the model which is
developed for team manager in which the individual person must expertise in specific field. There
are five level of team development which is going to be discussed below:
Forming: This is the basic level which is used in team development. There are different task
a work allotted to its team in order to perform them in given time period. In addition to this, the
individual who work in a team comes from different culture and background. They focus on
completing the project in effective manner.
Storming: In this level, the team member discusses the work as well as provides guidance
to each other in order to complete their project in less time period (Olaide, 2018). Every individual

present their different views. Thus, sometime it creates issues and conflicts among the member who
perform their work in a team.
Norming: In this stage, the individual perform their work depends upon values and belief in order
to finish their project in given time period.
Performing: It is necessary to have a high skill; ability and knowledge in order perform their work
well.
Adjourning: In this stage, the work related to project is completed as well as team member get
separated after finishing their work.
Team management is vital element that assists supervisor in order to complete their business
activities and functions in an effective manner (Dickson, 2017). The supervisor of Sainsbury’s
focuses on maintaining effective team in order to handle and manager different task and work in
proper manner. It is important to resolve the conflicts and grievances which occur among the
member of team.
M. Belbin model
The theory focuses on role of team member in order to assess the behaviour or attitude of an
individual person in the particular group the role of the team is categorised into three parts as well
as the team focuses on accomplishing objective within stipulated period of time. There are nine role
of team that is going to be mentioned:
Shaper here in the role of team member is dynamic or changeable in which the main
purpose of the companies to bring the positive attitude towards performing the work as well as
finding the favourable method to overcoming from the issue as well as challenges which is
confronted by team member. It increases the communication skill as well as encouraging the
member of team.
Implementer: It is necessary for organisation to implement the ideas or belief in order to
convert them into the actual plans therefore the individual person who implement something new
within business organisation and bring changes increases success as well as growth in upcoming
time period.
Finisher the role of individual person is considered as a perfectionist or finisher who
focuses on removing the error or mistakes that is confronted by the member of team in order to
resolve them.
Coordinator the main purpose of member of team is to co-ordinate with other member in
order to perform their work in a better manner and fulfil their obligation within given time.

Team worker herein the individual person lead the whole team in order to resolve their
issues and bring positive environment at workplace it help in taking effective decision during the
period of time.
Resorts investigators herein the manager of the company focuses on improving the external
connection with the other person in order to gather information which is helpful in taking effective
decision.
Evaluator the focus is on motivating the member of team in order to take effective decision
which will be beneficial for the organisation.
Specialist here in the worker focuses on taking expertise in specific field or area in order to
manage the professional standard.
Plants are considered as innovative team member they bring the ideas as well as belief in order
to resolve the problem or an issue which is confronted by the member of team it is necessary for
plants to perform their work alone just because of poor communication skill which adversely affect
the performance of business organisation.
TASK 4
P4 Discuss various concpets as wel as philosophies which is related to behaviour of individual
person in context of company
Organisational behaviour is considered as procedure which identify the behaviour of people
working in business organisation. It regards assorted elements like custom, worth, belief as well as
tradition and many more. In reference of Sainsbury’s, the manager of this company adopt some
concepts and theory that is described below:
Business Condition: In relation of Sainsbury’s, the actual situation of the organisation is not
excessively superior because there is a lack of interaction between staff members that enforces
direct influence on the productivity of organisation in negative way. It generates issues and
grievances between team member Therefore, it is not possible for the business organisation to
accomplish objective within short span of time. To handle these conditions in better way , the
manager adopt the Path Goal Theory that is given beneath:
Path Goal Theory
This theory focused on specifying various leadership style for achieving objectives in short
span of time. In reference of Sainsbury’s, the management team focuses on accelerating satisfaction
or motivation of subordinates that assists in enhancing proficiency level.

Categorisation of Path Goal Theory
Employee Characteristics: In relation of Sainsbury’s, the top management make
appropriate strategy for assessing the want and demand of individual person for encourage them
regularly. It create healthy atmosphere within organisation and assists in stimulating the confidence
or motivation of subordinates in relation to work.
Environment and task attributes: In this process, the manager of Sainsbury’s emphasised
on grievances faced by the individual person at workplace. In addition to this, they also emphasis on
solving conflicts as well as issues which occur among the staff members it helps them in creating
healthy environment within organisation. Therefore, it boost the productivity as well as profitability
level (Klimontowicz, 2019).
Leadership Behaviour: In this level of Path Goal Theory, the management team choose
proper leadership style for sustaining employees for a longer period of time. It helps the leader of
Sainsbury’s to execute organisational goals in targeted time period. There are four kinds of style of
leadership that is given beneath:
Participative Style: Herein, the leader take involvement of worker in taking effective
decision related to the growth and development of Sainsbury’s.
Supportive Style: This kind of style provide support to its employees for completing their
task in given time period. The manager of Sainsbury’s offer support to its staff member for deal
with their task in improved manner.
Achievement Style: In this process, the director of Sainsbury’s focuses on accomplishing
objective within given period of time.
Directive Style: In this process, the leader offer suggestion to employees that helps them in
conducting task in good manner.
In context of Sainsbury’s, the management team of this company adopt participative leadership
style. They provide possibility to employees in order to takings decision related to increasing the
future success and development of company.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above given assignment, it has been examined that the behaviour of
individual person enforces direct effect on productivity of company. In addition to this, organisation
behaviour is considered as a procedure which is used for study of behaviour of an individual person

working within organisation. Along with this, there are various function included in OB that helps
in monitoring, predicting and controlling the attitude of people. The study of behaviour of
individual and group of person helps in boosting profitability as well as efficiency of business
organisation. This report also shows how various political, power as well as cultural factor directly
effect the functions of business organisation. In addition to this, there are various models which is
used by Sainsbury’s for offering positive ambience to the employees of company.

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