Operations and Project Management

This document provides an introduction to Sainsbury’s and explains the difference between operation and operations management. It critiques the implementation of operations management principles within Sainsbury’s and analyzes the extent to which it meets the requirements of the organization. The document also discusses continuous improvement as a philosophy and describes the lean principles. It concludes with a continuous improvement plan for Sainsbury’s.

Operations and Project
Management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. An introduction to Sainsbury’s................................................................................................1
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management.........................................................2
3. Critique of the implementation of operations management principles within Sainsbury’s.....3
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of the organization in the
case study meets the requirements of Sainsbury’s......................................................................4
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and describe the Lean principles....5
6. A continuous improvement plan, including justified recommendations for improvement and
critique of operations management principles within Sainsbury’s..............................................6
PART 2............................................................................................................................................7
The project life cycle of Sainsbury’s...........................................................................................7
Critique the application of the PLC used...................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is chiefly involved with making plans, organizing and supervising
inside the contexts of manufacturing, production or the supply of offerings. As such, it's miles
delivery-centred, ensuring that an enterprise successfully turns inputs to outputs in an green
manner. Project management is the system of main the paintings of a team to obtain dreams and
meet achievement standards at a specified time (Levy, 2018). The number one project of
assignment management is to attain all the venture goals within the given constraints. Operation
management plays a significant role in the development of a company. It is a management
business practice that centres on yielding highest productivity within establishment. In this
report, the company selected is Sainsbury’s in order to complete this project. The assessment will
consider information about the effectiveness of operations management principles in order to
critically analysed and reviewed. The concepts of continuous development in an optional context
will apply. Project Life Cycle and its applications are its applications are critically determined
and reviewed so that the new project will successfully implement in the organisation.
MAIN BODY
PART 1
1. An introduction to Sainsbury’s
Sainsbury's Supermarkets changed into installed in 1869 via John James and Mary Ann
Sainsbury and is Britain's longest status primary meals retailing chain. The founders' concepts
and values guide us as strongly these days as they did on the outset & mdash be the consumer's
first choice for food shopping with the aid of supplying excessive best, cost for money,
extremely good provider and attention to element. J Sainsbury Plc engages inside the business of
grocery and associated retailing. The business enterprise operates thru 3 segments: Retailing,
Financial Services and Property Investments. It operates comfort and supermarkets that provide
numerous meals and non-meals services and products typically beneath the Sainsbury’s logo
(Papachristos and et. al., 2020). The organization changed into based by means of John James
Sainsbury and Mary Ann Sainsbury in 1869 and is established in London, the UK. J Sainsbury
Plc consists of a chain of 872 stores comprising wherein 537 supermarkets and 335 convenience
shops – and Sainsbury’s Bank. At present, Sainsbury’s serve over 19 million clients a week. The
big store of Sainsbury’s gives round 30,000 merchandise – forty% of those are Sainsbury’s very
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own brand. Many stores provide complementary non-food products and services. Nearly 60% of
our shops are in the metropolis centre or fringe of centre locations, lots of these constructed on
formerly in ruins web sites. We hire 150,000 colleagues of these, 70% are element-time and 30%
are full time. It is the UK’s 1/3 largest grocery shops with sixteen% marketplace share at the
back of worldwide behemoth Tesco (31% share) and ASDA (17%), that's owned through Wal-
Mart. A net based totally shipping purchasing service is also available to nearly ninety in keeping
with cent of UK households.
2. An explanation of operation vs operations management
Every corporation has an operations feature, whether or not or now not it's miles referred
to as ‘operations’. The goal or purpose of most corporations entails the production of products
and/or offerings (Mahadevan, 2015). To try this, they've you acquire resources, convert them
into outputs and distribute them to their meant customers. The time period operations embrace
all of the activities required to create and supply an business enterprise's goods or offerings to its
clients or clients. Within massive and complicated businesses operations is usually a essential
useful place, with human beings especially specific to take duty for dealing with all or a part of
the employer's operations methods. It is a vital practical area as it performs a vital position in
determining how nicely an enterprise satisfies its customers. In the case of personal-region
corporations, the project of the operations feature is usually expressed in terms of income,
growth and competitiveness; in public and voluntary firms, it is regularly expressed in phrases of
supplying fee for cash.
Operations management is involved with the design, control, and improvement of the
structures that create the employer's items or offerings. The majority of maximum organizations’
financial and human resources are invested in the activities involved in making merchandise or
delivering services. Operations management is therefore important to organizational success.
Operation control is the field of take a look at that deals with supervision, layout and planning of
business operations. The principal goal of operation management is to decorate the satisfactory
of commercial enterprise operations (Turkulainen and et. al., 2015). It is shipping-focused
because of this the emphasis is on efficiently turning inputs into outputs within the most efficient
manner. Operation control involves the administration of production, production and provision
of services in an enterprise. Operation control is targeted greater on processes and how they can
be optimized so that there may be minimal wastage of available resources.
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3. Critique of the implementation of operations management principles within Sainsbury’s
In an establishment, operations are the conduction of different tasks. These diverse tasks
are the happening in a systematic way. The management of these tasks according to increase the
productivity is acknowledged as operations management (Mateo, 2016). It considers the
administration of the company from manufacturing to delivery of products and services. It is a
crucial function within the organization through which planning, organizing and investigating
different situations of organization considered. It is a multidisciplinary approach that is utilized
by companies for optimizing maximum output from the workers. To maximize the effectiveness
of the firm, there are several principles of operations management. In case of Sainsbury the
principles of operations management are stated as under:
Principles of operations management
Reality: It is the primary principles of operations manipulate. It should cognizance at the
trouble rather than the techniques. There isn't always any universe solution for each and every
problem. Therefore, Sainsbury’s need to popularity at the hassle which has to be resolved. Each
and every issue has its personal manner of handling this is why Sainsbury’s ought to cognizance
on the issue instead of the strategies which can be used to handle it.
Organization: An agency has wonderful operational features which might be interred
linked with each other. It is the responsibility of manager to address every operation with
effectiveness. If an operation isn't always acting well it can have an impact on other additionally.
In case of Sainsbury’s, the company should process all its features with effectiveness. This will
combine its entire department to paintings with each unique. Thus, the productiveness and
profitability will be increased.
Fundamentals: According to this precept, most of the fulfillment of an employer relies
upon following the fundamentals of commercial enterprise even as relaxation relies upon the
innovation, thinking and perception of the chief. In case of Sainsbury’s, it is going to invest in
launching the big presentations (Ochieng and et. al., 2018). Therefore, to correctly implement the
product in market, organization should observe the basic guidelines of acting the agency. These
thoughts can be management, operations and so on.
Accountability: This precept indicates that the managers and leaders need to be
responsible to the management of an organization. There need to awareness on the functioning of
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the firm, whether or not all tasks are strolling steady with the aim or no longer. In case of
Sainsbury’s, the managers should focus on selling the goods through special marketing channels.
Change: The operations management of an enterprise corporation need to not be static in
nature. The dynamic nature will assist the business enterprise in adopting new inclinations and
era (Reid and Sanders, 2019). Sainsbury’s is lack in taking feedback from its customers this is
why the customers are paying a lot less attention inside the path of the product. Customers are
the give up consumer of the product therefore feedback is crucial for the company.
Managing Passion: The manager has the duty to inspire its personnel in order that they
work with their capability. In case of Sainsbury’s, the supervisor of corporation should motivate
its employees to paintings more difficult in order that their new merchandise can appeal to a
range of customers from market. This will increase the chances of sustainability of products into
market.
4. An analysis of the extent to which the operations management of the organization in the case
study meets the requirements of Sainsbury’s
Operations management refers to the control of business activities to create the very best
level of performance in an organization. It is the transformation of material and hard work into
items and offerings to create the nice profit for the agency. Operations management entails the
usage of resources from personnel, substances, equipment and technology.
Approches to operation management
Six sigma is the approach frequently connected with the operation control. Managers apply
six sigma concepts as a way to enhance the best of manner via discarding the defects and errors.
It reduces the fee and plenty of time. Implementing the six sigma in organizational operations is
a steeply-priced alternative, but it can pay for itself and benefits the business enterprise
ultimately. This ends in higher high-quality products and services, thereby gratifying the desires
of the customers. Talking approximately the tilt questioning method, it talks approximately the
“no wastage” of sources, thereby making the operations effective and green (Arriagada and et.
al., 2016). This method cut the manufacturing cost and therefore, provides an extra facet to the
corporation. In Sainsbury’s the tilt manufacturing is not fully implemented.
In now a day’s time, establishments are realizing the significance of waste elimination,
improvising the nice, and enhancing the purchaser pleasure. Frederick Taylor changed into an
American scientist who advanced this theory from its engineering and scientific knowledge to
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the operations control. This concept has 4 essential principles which support the operations
control. The 4 ideas within the limelight of Sainsbury’s are stated as follows:
 Rule of thumb techniques have to be replaced with the techniques of medical have a look
at of challenge (Kumar, Mookerjee and Shubham, 2018). This will help Sainsbury’s in
handling complex conditions with the scientific principles so that favored and accurate
result may be executed.
 Each and every employee inside Sainsbury’s have to study with the specialists rather than
by way of allowing them to unfastened to educate themselves. This allows the company
to make the workers green in terms in their standards.
 The employees of Sainsbury’s are being cooperated in order that the scientifically
developed methods may be observed. This allows the workers to be encouraged enough
to work hard for the organization.
 The division of the work must be performed with managers and workers in order that
proper collaboration will assist them to reap their favored end result.
5. Discussion of continuous improvement as a philosophy and describe the Lean principles
Operations management isn't always a restricted segment of a commercial enterprise
instead it is part which includes the overall development of the firms. Each and each stage and
region of an employer like Sainsbury should be developed to obtain sustainable performance in
the market area. And to acquire a competitive aspect, the development can't be carried out
overnight however need to be accomplished through a continuous basis. So, the management of
the Sainsbury put in force continuous and overall improvement software for their employer.
Continuous Improvement: Continuous development or non-stop improvement plan of the
Sainsbury includes the development system of the product, the provider and the technique thru
an incremental foundation. Lean production or simply in time manufacturing JIT is a completely
powerful manner to continuously increase the enterprise and the operations of that organization
(Fewings and Henjewele, 2019). Applying those strategies or manufacturing technique of their
business enterprise, Sainsbury are running through accomplishing the Six Sigma in their
organization.
Strategies for Continuous Improvement:
Lean manufacturing: Lean production is referred to as lean, lean production and lean
manufacturing with the aid of which business enterprise minimizes their stock fees and decrease
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using valuable sources without decreasing the variety of devices produced (Otsuki, Akiyoshi and
Samejima, 2017).
JIT (Just in time) Production: Just within the time manufacturing procedure is followed to
limit the stock price with the aid of generating the final product upon getting the final order.
Six Sigma: Six Sigma is another method for enhancing the production and manner through
achieving the least illness. The business enterprise receives six sigma certifications while it
achieves the productions technique close to perfection.
Continuous Improvement Plan of Sainsbury: A non-stop improvement plan is very crucial for
the similarly development and allocates resource to the improvement projects. Example of the
continuous development plan for the organization like Sainsbury consists of the month-to-month
education application, experience, procedure, environment, property, rules and methods, product,
service, statistics, danger, nice, data generation, way of life and so on.
Continuous improvement concepts in Sainsbury: The primary standards of the continuous
improvement in Sainsbury are given under which might be more or less strictly followed:
 The management of the Sainsbury prefers incremental alternate in place of fast change
due to the fact incremental change helps them to adopt the change with the corporation.
Not only the edition process of the business enterprise was given benefited from the
incremental change, but it additionally reduces the expenses of the agency.
 The control of the Sainsbury always appreciates the innovative ideas in their employees
due to the fact they have got an extra contribution to the employer overall performance.
 The management exercise to provide the percentage of the corporation to their personnel
as a bonus so that the personnel have possession within the employer and they were given
more accountable to their job.
 The control of Sainsbury creates reflective file and performance value determinations at
the continuous improvement technique to discover the contribution of the employees
(Haniff and Caldwell, 2019).
6. A continuous improvement plan, including justified recommendations for improvement and
critique of operations management principles within Sainsbury’s
Recommendations for enhancing the operations capabilities of Sainsbury:
The control of Sainsbury constantly attempts to improve their enterprise operations by
taking some strategies, as an example, cutting off the unnecessary enterprise plans, building
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relationship with the clients, re-evaluating the pricing of their products, by way of enhancing the
weak points, attaining the certification on their overall performance, employee involvements,
getting into new markets and balancing all activities. Two of them are mentioned seriously.
Resolving the weak factors: The management of the Sainsbury always try to discover their
weak points and loopholes to clear up them in order that those loopholes can't arise as a barrier to
their continuous development method (Fleming and Koppelman, 2016). But the trouble is
identifying those loopholes is not so easy and that they get up through creating a full-size barrier.
So, the management takes numerous tasks like overall performance value determinations,
finances evaluation and so on to pick out their vulnerable factors.
Maintaining Good relationship with the purchaser: The management of Sainsbury attempt
to hold an awesome relationship with their customer to ensure the employee delight but the
problem is needs and the alternatives of the employees are not same. That’s why the corporation
tries and increases a relationship with all person purchasers to realize their possibilities or
undertaking diverse surveys.
The continuous improvement is the process of intervention in problems to improvise
performances. It objectives at creating a sustainable culture by means of making every and each
worker a part of the waste elimination system. For the software of non-stop improvement
procedures, numerous programs are being used, together with lean wondering, six sigma. The six
sigma talks approximately lowering the fluctuation in the procedures, whereas lean
manufacturing focus on increasing the extent of satisfaction outside and internal consumers.
Lean technique targets to improvise the float of production line. The lean and 6 sigma approach
objectives at waste discount and discarding variations.
PART 2
The project life cycle of Sainsbury’s
Business case- A large manufacturing organization based in the Midlands, which has 1250
employees on this site. The organization has staff employed in a range of different roles,
including office staff and factory workers. The organization has staff employed in a range of
different roles, considering office staff and factory employees. The offices and factory are on an
extensive site in various buildings. Currently there is no onsite catering. Two of the applicable
enterprise goals for the current monetary 12 months are:
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• Reducing the motion of workforce from the premises at some stage in the lunch ruin
which is presently developing congestion troubles inside the nearby region
• Helping team of workers to develop a wholesome life-style which the corporation
believes is a part of their CSR and will also lessen workforce absenteeism.
Product life cycle of new tool can be practiced which assist in identifying will develop of
business from the introduced services. A project life cycle is the collection of levels that a task is
going thru from its initiation to its closure. The number and series of the cycle are determined by
the management and numerous other factors like needs of the enterprise involved in the project,
the character of the venture, and its location of software (Padalkar and Gopinath, 2016). The
levels have a precise start, give up, and manage point and are confined by time. The venture
lifecycle may be described and changed as in line with the needs and components of the
employer. Even though every task has a particular begin and quit, the particular goals,
deliverables, and sports range broadly. The lifecycle affords the fundamental basis of the
movements that has to be achieved in the challenge, no matter the specific work worried.
Project life cycles can variety from predictive or plan-driven approaches to adaptive or
exchange-pushed techniques. In a predictive existence cycle, the specifics are described at the
start of the challenge, and any changes to scope are carefully addressed. In an adaptive existence
cycle, the product is advanced over more than one iterations, and detailed scope is described for
generation most effective as the new release starts (Todorović and et. al., 2015). The 5 key
system groups are starting up, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling and closing. Most
approaches that they can think about will fall under these five fundamental methods; for
instance, within the production enterprise, budgeting, costing and estimating falls below
planning. The description of all phases of product life cycle in context of Sainsbury’s is as under:
Initiation- This is the beginning segment of their assignment while the company need to show
the project has value and is viable. This level includes growing an enterprise case, to justify the
need for the venture, and feasibility observe to reveal that it may be done inside a reasonable
time and value. This is also the time to create an assignment charter, a file that sets out exactly
what the challenge goes to deliver. A mission short serves a totally comparable purpose. Their
primary difference is that an undertaking charter is part of the PMBOK framework, and a
challenge quick aligns with the PRINCE2 methodology. This degree of the task culminates in a
project kickoff assembly, in which they carry collectively the group, stakeholders and other
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applicable parties to put out the project goals, time table, procedures and the chain of
conversation. With the support of it, the respective venture can accomplish their goals like
reducing the motion of workforce from the premises at some stage in the lunch ruin and helping
team of workers to develop a wholesome life-style.
Planning- The second section is task planning, which occurs after the assignment has been
approved. The deliverable of this section is the challenge plan, with a view to be the manual for
the execution and manipulates stages. The venture plan ought to include every element
associated with the execution of the undertaking together with the costs, risks, resources and
timelines (Levy, 2018). During this phase, the work required to complete the project, that's
known as the task scope, is described using a work breakdown structure. The WBS divides the
project in activities, milestones and deliverables. This permits task managers to create schedules
and assign obligations to their group members. Project managers often visualize their mission
plan the usage of a Gantt chart, which represents the order of responsibilities and the way they're
interdependent. This offers the organisation a roadmap for the paintings until the mission reaches
its conclusion. There are special venture planning charts and techniques which include Gantt
charts, CPM, WBS or PERT that facilitates the improvement of an undertaking plan.
Implementation- The next phase is task execution that is wherein most people of the
paintings happens. This is the segment in which they complete the venture activities and
milestones to provide the deliverables to the patron’s or stakeholder’s delight by way of
following the plan created in the preceding stage. Along the manner, the undertaking manager
will reallocate assets as had to keep accomplishing the set business objectives. They may even
work to discover and mitigate dangers, cope with troubles and contain any adjustments.
Monitoring and controlling- The fourth segment is mission tracking and manage, which
takes place on the equal time as the execution segment of the mission. It entails monitoring the
development and overall performance of the task to ensure sure that it stays on time table and
inside budget. Quality manage strategies are implemented to guarantee satisfactory warranty
(Papachristos and et. al., 2020). The largest issues in a project are generally associated to three
things—time, fee and scope, which together are referred to as the triple constraint. The
fundamental aim of this segment is to set firm controls on the assignment to make certain that
those areas don’t move off beam. In this phase, the management of respective venture can
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monitor its objectives like they are achieved or the work which is performed by employees is in
control or manageable.
Closure- The final phase is undertaking closure, wherein the final deliverables are offered
to the patron or stakeholder. Once permitted, sources are launched, documentation is completed
and the entirety is signed off on. At this point the venture supervisor and group can conduct an
autopsy to evaluate the lessons learned from the task and learn from the revel in. Depending at
the undertaking, the closure section may additionally consist of delivering manage to a
distinctive crew, including the operations control group (Mahadevan, 2015). In this example, it's
far the job of the mission manager to make certain that such a transition occurs easily.
Critique the application of the PLC used
The idea and model the management of Sainsbury can use, is the Waterfall and Agile
approach to help the assessment and complaint of the effectiveness of the mission as well as the
value gained from it. These are effective methods suitable for tasks which can be crucial and
focused, in addition to performance dimension to increase success as well as satisfactory, whilst
executing small projects with brief deadlines.
 It may be visible that despite the fact that Waterfall and Agile are two opposing
strategies, Waterfall is rigid and in precept and Agile is more bendy and clean to trade.
The waterfall model is a model that is used plenty for quick projects and its miles a chain
of development processes in a top-down order and the levels have to be performed
sequentially comparable to the PLC identity in the technique. The venture
implementation technique includes the main ranges so as of initiation, making plans,
execution and closure. The equal with Agile model, it is also carried out to efficaciously
put into effect the subsequent 4 main series of PLC for a mission. But in comparison to
the Waterfall version, which requires particular challenge dreams and requirements,
Agile allows task dreams and necessities to be modified. However, while comparing the
two techniques, it can be found out that these strategies have the same goal of presenting
quality software that meets client requirements. And both of those methods have
activities which might be in addition carried out: gathering requirements, designing,
growing, trying out and deploying to enforce plans, put in force tasks and track progress.
 The mixture of the Waterfall and Agile techniques is together referred to as the Agifall
method. This is a mixture of two distinct strategies to increase pace and great
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(Turkulainen and et. al., 2015). Based in this method, our group can divide getting to
know, devise techniques and plan projects into obligations and divide them into urgent
levels to complete initiatives better. The implementation steps can be the same as while
implementing a mission underneath Agile, but all statistics and paintings will be greater
truly defined earlier by way of the Waterfall method. With Agifall, our team does no
longer want to anticipate one level to finish before the next step, inside the same way that
Waterfall does, but when the challenge starts, the divided stages are started for some
time. Often whilst beginning a project with the Agile, it's far also necessary to
incorporate continuously on the early levels of the waterfall to make the project clearer
and less complicated to enforce.
CONCLUSION
This has been concluded from the above information that Operations management is the
management of enterprise practices to create the best stage of efficiency viable inside a
corporation. It is involved with converting materials and exertions into items and services as
correctly as possible to maximise the profit of a business enterprise. Operation management is
critical technique and device that enables to manipulate the organizational management extra
green and managed manners. Operation management principles also support the firm in effective
management and business operations of the company. Continuous development plan is also
support in growth and improvement of the firm. Project life cycle is also crucial in progress
tracking. It also plays a significant role in monitoring, controlling and implementation of
business activities and operations. It supports the company to make proper planning and
execution of all the phases.
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