Health Policy & Public Sector Reforms

This assignment delves into the complex interplay between health policy and public sector reforms. It examines theoretical frameworks surrounding these concepts and explores their practical implications in diverse healthcare contexts. The analysis includes case studies of various countries, focusing on challenges, successes, and emerging trends in health policy implementation. Key themes include privatization, universal healthcare coverage, and the role of non-state actors in shaping healthcare delivery.

UNIT 19 CONTEMPORARY
ISSUES

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Health and social care reaches the public domain ................................................................1
P2 Analysing different techniques for distributing information.................................................2
P3 evaluation of different ways where information influence attitudes, behaviour and
thoughts.......................................................................................................................................2
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P4 ways media uses to impact behaviours ,attitudes of people against health issues. ...............3
P5 accessing reliability and accessibility of media on healthy issues ........................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
P6 Different prospects of health issues related to health care ...................................................4
P7 Monitoring different prospective of health care and social issues . ....................................5
P8 Assess the relevance of the findings to health and social care practice locally.....................5
P9 analyse the factors that have influenced the development of different perspectives over a
period of time..............................................................................................................................6
P10 analyse the extent to which local attitudes reflect those found at the national level...........7
P11 Validating public attitudes and behaviours .........................................................................8
P12 Justify possible consequences of contemporary thinking for health and social care
provisions and services...............................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Assignment focus on understanding importances and providing information related to
social cares and and health issues as well as avoiding confusion and misunderstanding which
arises with improper, misleading and exaggerated information. Techniques are discussed helped
in spreading health related issues and problems to public and evaluate them problem by
observing different factors. Based on validity and reliability peoples behaviours and attitudes are
calculated. With increasing problem of obesity in all over UK it is termed as an alarming
position as it is a grass routes of many health relates disease like diabetes, cancer etc. currently
in all over England 64% of people are overweights. It has become very important to trough
light on this issues in current scenario otherwise it will be uncontrollable in future ventures.
TASK 1
P1 Health and social care reaches the public domain
It is essential for every individual to aware others about health issues and hazardous
disease in UK like, cancer, diabetes, Zika viruses etc(Colley , 2012). People must be aware of
issues related to, finance, resourcing child abuses and standards and must be aware to get their
claims from health services as per policies and standard.
Information are provided by different mediums by different media like, radio, newspapers ,
internet, work of mouth and general practitioners. Also some government and governmental
organisation are there which works in providing required information some of the largest
contributors are, Health protection activity, world health organisation, world heath organisation
etc.
like people must be aware whom to contact, where to contact in cases of abuses(Ewig , 2011).
This transfer of information will help in safeguarding and empowering people especially women
by providing protection and support and also provide relevant information about treating
modalities of cancers. This information are effectively transferred through media like reports,
journals, researches and newspaper. But in many cases right information fail to reach patients
and people so digital media are used which is an effective and cheap medium and fast. Apart
from spreading information monitoring is also important which help in observing effect of
spreading of information in market.
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P2 Analysing different techniques for distributing information.
Spreading of required information about health issues is an essential factor in current
scenario. The information can be transferred through different printed and digital media
platforms like newspaper, radio, flash messages, displays, promotions etc. these sources plays an
impactful role in spreading of informations(Stromquist, 2014). Some newspaper have made
tabloids in their digital website portals regarding to health issues only where they have relevant
information of contemporary health issues in the form of reports,survey, facts and findings and
interviews on general practitioners. Common newspapers in UK like Mirror and Sun are some
of the initiators of this service. Apart from these website related to health helps in spreading
information regarding health of people. Guardian newspaper have enlisted some website which
are fruitful for common people like wardipedia.org, nih.gov,nice.org.uk,
actiononhearingloss.com are very effective websites for common people. For example with
outburst of Zika Virus all websites and newspapers have spread information about it. They have
covered all reports about epidemics of disease in several part of the glob. Hence techniques of
using media in every platforms are cheap and effective but it has also have a major drawback
that it will stir panic among the people and figure, facts and analysis will generate fear. Before
putting news on websites all the negative and positive must be analysed and to get over this
moral panic right information must be transferred. Helping this fact they must organise seminars,
campaign social gathering and try to mass spreading of this information.
P3 evaluation of different ways where information influence attitudes, behaviour and thoughts.
Spreading health related information is important but monitoring how they are presented and
disseminated to people. These spreading activities have psychological viewpoint and have a
direct impact on human behaviour, attitudes and touch. So it becomes necessary to that
information must be spread in an suitable manner in accordance to preferences and requirements
of different type of audience. The preferred format changes with according to demographic
factors like gender, age, educations and classes etc. like young people will prefer smartphones,
social site where old people will prefer radios, newspapers and televisions etc. apart from these
medium posters, leaflets, pamplates, digital displays which are placed in primary schools, child
care centres or a doctors clinic which can target illiterate.
Another miscellaneous sources like colours, pictures, fonts textbooks. Awareness through
animated movies , cartoon videos and visual effects are also very productive medium of
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spreading of information it will impact their thoughts and behaviours as psychology it effect their
subordinate mind.
There are different medium of passing of information related tom health issues but it must be
observed that right information is passed which must be knowledgable instead creating panic
among among people(Stock , 2012). Monitoring process must analyse analysis of behaviour,
thoughts and attitude. Before spreading information it must be understood that issue which has
been published must be there and must carry facts and researches including researchers and
doctors and must provide ample evidences to be believed.
TASK 2
P4 ways media uses to impact behaviours ,attitudes of people against health issues.
Media have several medium in spreading information related to social and health issues
to common people. Both printed and digital media includes platforms like magazines,
newspapers, advertisements, documentary, health websites social networking sites are common
sources media uses for influencing majority of people. Psychological sources helps in shaping
views and opinions of public and influence their common attitudes and behaviours.
Information imparted on public plays vital role in designing and forming public decisions. It can
tilt in either way but positively enhance and modify behaviours and attitudes of people. Creation
of awareness among people will help them to prevent diseases accepting a healthy life. It cam
also create a negative opinions of public on health issues and government policies which may
change public behaviours. Creation of moral panic, scapegoating, sensationalize and moral
panic will change conditions or habits. Like showing pictures related to cancer patients, tobacco
patients can implant fear in minds hence leading them to give up that habit like smoking.
Media is a medium which can impart mixes reaction of people as those people are vulnerable to
attract like females, elderly people and children. Media is aware that views of these people can
be easily modified so for appealing more numbers of viewers they plan and crease attractive
promotion and advertisement. Spicing up content in in media platform helps in increasing of
sales and TRPs of their agency. So people must be more alert in adopting a convenient source
for right information.
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P5 accessing reliability and accessibility of media on healthy issues
From above discussion it can be observed that information provided by media is not
always true though it contains information and educative contents but can also create moral
panics and stereotype nature so it is responsibility of people to chooser right source for correct
information instead of modified activities. Reliability means responsibilities, trust, information
and dependency so relieving on correct sorts of information will lead to gaining a valuable
information.
There are numerous cases where information provided on social platforms are incorrect
an inappropriate. Like practice of paid media where an health organisation pay some money to
media to publish and promote their reports. The information can also be affected by religious
factors like religious ethics and and culture apart from it owners of media agencies manipulate
other media organisation for spreading of information. An personal point of view and
prospectives is also important as well as his reaction and understand that thing.
For increasing affectivity of media on people they must have proves of their information and
provide practical evidences of their researches. Usually government data can be taken as
reference points adding to that advices of practitioners must be taken. When Zika visas was
having hazardous effect in the world government stood up in providing right information to
people.
TASK 3
P6 Different prospects of health issues related to health care
It is viewed that local issues are majorly responsible for national and global issues. All
issues in country are influenced by attitude of local people towards social care and health. One
can found out positive resonance between local and national attitude. Local people divided on
the basis of geographic and demographic factor have their different viewpoint due to different in
their culture, race and adaptability. People in urban areas are very alert related to social issue
whereas people in remote areas are not that much bothered about this issue. National Health
Service conduct a time to time survey about health issues and in on oh their recent survey they
have found that people have both positive and negative view point about health issues and their
awareness programmes. Main problem which is observed is UK is divided into different sectors
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and ruled by different government so they have provide different quality of services which will
generate different attitudes of people.
Health and social care is a sensitive factor which is directly related to life of people. By
having survey it is being found that some towns in UK have a collective overweight issue due to
improper and unhealthy diet(Torchia, 2015).
In an research it is found that almost 64% of people in UK have obesity issue with higher body
mass index (25 BMI is maximum).
According to reports of survey a town in Copeland (west Cumbria) is fastest with
75.9% and on second position south Yorkshire is placed with 74.4 %. in that report Tam Fry
belongs to national obesity forum stared these figure criminal and they have to be rectified as
soon as possible.
P7 Monitoring different prospective of health care and social issues .
Monitoring health care is an essential feature in making future planning. All the criteria
must be monitored for having proper future planning. There is national health institutions
recognised in UK which are responsible for conducting survey. For having an effective surveys
they have split their organisation according to demographic divisions like NHS Scotland, NHS
Wales, NHS northern Ireland which conduct surveys in all over UK. It must be ensured that
there must be difference in surveying pattern in rural areas and in urban sectors. In recent
researches it has been found that obesity level is increasing in all over UK which must be cure.
At the outburst of Zika virus in Brazil. UK government were fast to react against Zika
virus as only 8 cases of this infection was found in the country. They have made policies for
immigrants as people are not allowed in country without proper check-ups.
National health service publish an annual report of all their surveys on health hence help in
proper monitoring all issues in UK.
P8 Assess the relevance of the findings to health and social care practice locally
UK have plans in UK for every individual in all over England and in most areas
especially in rural areas they are providing free facilities. Since 2006 country is investing
around 9.9% of their GDP in health care sectors
In determining health related development there are several programs which have been
implemented in urban and rural sectors.
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In urban
 department of health- responsible for improve in overall health. Their website provide
social and health cares in urban areas.
 primary care trusts- it help in improving health if their local people working jointly
with wide range of agencies and government hospitals.
 Strategic health authority – this includes national priorities for health by
implementations of health care plans by surveying and analysis.
Rural sectors.
 The countryside agency- Its mission is to make better life for countryside people and
providing best services at cheaper rates
 Institute if rural health – It is a charity academy which perform surveys,developments
and plan measures in improving health of countryside people.
So there is are effective plan for both rural and urban sector, it helps organisation in
finding prospectives of improvement in health care of both rural and urban sector as well as
making different plans as required in these sectors.
P9 analyse the factors that have influenced the development of different perspectives over a
period of time
Factors are called “ Social determinants” like income inequality, prejudice or social
exclusion. These factors affect development of health care service over a period of time:
 Income inequality- It means when a country is influenced by chronic diseases like
(heart disease, cancer and diabetes) instead of infectious diseases like
(tuberculosis,cholers, flu ) and developed people have have all the money to cure it, but
poor suffers due to lack of money and leaf facility which will increase death rate of
people in a country is called as social inequality.
 Social connectedness – it means attachments like family ,friends and volunteering
organisation. Which help them for having a better health ,longer life and community
programmes.
 Collective efficiency – it means sense if control of a person on their life. People having
tether senses and maintain better help will allow them to sustain longer in life
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In recent times world health organisation have planned to break social discriminants and plan to
give equal treatment to all people.
Factors of social protections
 stress
 life expectancy
 social support
 work
 add- ons
 transports
These factor will help organisation in social discriminants among pipeline country.
task 4
P10 analyse the extent to which local attitudes reflect those found at the national level
local attitudes and behaviour can impact national development plan . Governments measure can
only be successful if local plays an important hand in their plans.
Local attitudes may vary individually or community wise
individual factors- these include behaviour , attitudes and status(Li , 2011). Psychological
behaviours can impact development plan like media who have both positive and negative effect
on an individual. It is responsible for an individual to gather right information.
Government must try to influence more and more people so that more people can benefit from
their programmes.
They must emphasis on social discrimination like in all over UK there are 2 major communities
like British whites and gypsy people., these gypsy people mainly resides in rural sector they
must be included in plans for national health care.
Media also plays an important role as a positive media marketing will help in increasing effect
of national health program.
Like 64% obesity of a nation is just not acceptable act. Necessary steps must be taken to
quickly carve out this form the desired country.
Apart from local population UK is also home of other people like in recent time there is a hike
in people from other countries mostly India and Pakistan so health planning must also be based
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on community and regions . Support from all these people will help in national health
programme and make the country free from acute heath diseases.
P11 Validating public attitudes and behaviours .
In issues regarding social cares and health . It is important to evaluate behaviours, attitude and
measures in regard to a social issues. NHS provide surveys and services regarding health issues
and social care which are to be observed carefully. Now a days obesity has become a hazardous
problem not in UK but all owner the world. But the major area of concern is it is rising among
the children and adolescents in both developed and developing countries(Mpinga, 2011). There
are number of organisation and self help groups are made who conduct health related
programme which encourage people towards following a healthy diet by organising seminars,
campaign and awareness programme, for doing that media plays a vital role in promotional
activities.
e.g. in all over UK sugar taxes are imposed on soft drink companies for reduction of health
problems.
For educating public regarding health issues health organisations and professionals must make
development strategies for people and monitor their attitudes and behaviour. In urban setting
issues of obesity are increasing rapidly so for tackling this people have to follow some natural
way like doing exercise daily and adopting a balanced diet(Barbazza , 2014). UK government
have launched different anti – tobacco campaign top aware people about its harmful effects.
NHS are conducting surveys to monitor levels of obesity.
P12 Justify possible consequences of contemporary thinking for health and social care provisions
and services
Educating people in regard to social care and health in an important criteria in overcoming
health related issues. Various consequences will areas if people do jot change their opinion ans
thinking about health issues. Her media an information source plays a vital role in issues oh
health care and social issues. e.g. Health care service is not good for infants and elderly people so
these two sector must be areas of concern of contemporary issues. Media reports regarding
health issues will have a major impact on people's opinion. e.g. People in rural areas are nit
aware of health issued and benefits of government so they have be motivated by conveying them
about adopting a better regime of having healthy foods. Low in education inn health and social
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care is a main result of contemporary thinking. People are busy in jobs and do not get time for
giving proper time to physical activities like exercises(Laratta , 2011). Government in current
scenario working on developing and lifting standard of people by forming many organisation
like NGO and self help groups. People must develop better ideas an thought rating to their
health. And replacing traditional thinking with new contemporary thinkings. this thinking must
not only be generated in urban organisation bust must also focus on generating positive thinking
rural sectors.
CONCLUSION
From assessment we have concluded that social and health services are important
for creating a healthy nation. Media, government and local organisations have played important
role in diffusing information in regard to health and social care(Pugh , 2013). Through this report
it is being demonstrated that behaviour attitude and actions of people are influenced by media.
This can be reduced by proper educating people in both urban and rural environment. Many
organisation have future prospective in all over UK are working in a direction to carve out
diseases for the country.
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Mpinga, E. K. and Chastonay, P., 2011. Satisfaction of patients: a right to health indicator?.
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Barbazza, E. and Tello, J. E., 2014. A review of health governance: definitions, dimensions and
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Online
Zika virus: epidemiology and cases diagnosed in the UK. 2017. [Online]. Available
through :<https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/zika-virus-epidemiology-and-
cases-diagnosed-in-the-uk/zika-virus-epidemiology-and-cases-diagnosed-in-the-uk>.
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