UNIT 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION................

UNIT 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
4.1 Child Protection in context of safeguarding children and young people..............................3
4.2 Different types of bulling and abuse.....................................................................................4
4.3 Possible signs and symptoms, indicators and behaviours which may cause concern for
safeguarding................................................................................................................................6
4.4 Actions to be taken if child or young person alleges harm or abuse.....................................7
4.5 Rights which children and young people along with their carers have in situation of harm
or abuse.......................................................................................................................................8
4.6 Serious case reviews inform practices..................................................................................9
5.1 Ways in which support staff can work with children and young people in improving their
self- esteem and self- confidence..............................................................................................10
5.2 Role of support staff in recognizing sign of mental health concern in children and young
people........................................................................................................................................11
5.3 Sign of possible mental health concerns among young and child......................................12
5.4 Need to work with young person and children for developing their emotional resilience
and mental well being...............................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
In the current situation it is very important to safeguard the children and young people
from all the abuse and maltreatment done with these people. The safeguarding here means to
protect and prevent children and young people so that this does not impact their development and
health (Shuker and Ackerley, 2017). This safeguarding is of young people and children is very
important because these people are at stage of learning and it is very necessary that they do not
learn any wrong or abusive thing.
Thus, the present study will outline the need of safeguarding the people and it will also
outline the different type of bullying and abuse which can happen with children and young
people. Further it will outline the actions and rights of people in case of abuse or harm. Also, this
will highlight how support staff can work to improve self- confidence and self- esteem of people.
In the end signs of mental health in children and young people will be discussed along with need
to improve and develop emotional resilience and mental wellbeing among child and young
people.
4.1 Child Protection in context of safeguarding children and young people
Child protection, as the name suggest is the part of safeguarding process. All the children
are generally vulnerable by virtue in their young age and the capacities of evolving. Generally,
abuse and violence are some activity which used to impact the growth of the children at the
young ages. Child protection at the same time is the different measure which are being taken or
initiate with the motive of protecting children from the situation such as violence, abuses, neglect
and exploitation in the nation (Drake and et.al., 2019). It is generally used to focus on protecting
children who is suffering or likely to be suffered harm in the coming future.
Government of the nation also used to run the child protection system to safeguard the
children and young people who used to encourages the family stability. Child protection at the
wider context also means to safeguard the children from the social, psychological and emotional
insecurity and distress in the nation. There are many type of the student which in general requires
a special attention toward their protection as they are most likely to be impacted by the different
activity. Street children, disable children, children of commercial sex worker are some example
of that type of children.
Children is called as safe in the wider context when children are loved, cared and has a
healthy emotion bond with the parents, as this help them in explaining the different issue which

are faced by them. Also, child which is nurtured and gets a required food and nourishment are
also known as protected child as when they get healthy environment, children in general gets
better opportunity for their growth and development (Task Force on Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome, 2019). At the same time children who are neglected or not loved or discriminated on
the basis of the gender, ability, intelligence and colour in the organization are the one who are
recognized as an unsafe child in the nation. Physically abused child are also coming under unsafe
child category.
Protecting children helps the nation in safeguarding the future of the nation. As it helps
the nation in investing good sort of resources toward the youth of the nation, which will help the
company in building good sort of human resource of the nation. Also, protecting child from
variety of the different issue in the market helps the children in getting better opportunity of
learning, growth and development in their life.
There are many different type of the laws which are regulated and made by the
government to safeguard children in the nation. Children Act 1908 which was followed by
another act children and young person act 1920, both the act included bundle of the laws to
protect young person and children in the early twenties (Straus and Smith, 2017). Some of the
restriction are minimum age child to give alcohol at private premises is 5 years. Minimum age
for smoking for the children is 16 years for the children. Same the age of consuming tobacco
product for the children is the 16 year.
4.2 Different types of bulling and abuse
Child abuse in generally defined as a harming, abusing, neglecting and deprivation of any
child in the nation. It is the process in which some sort of harm is being provided to the children
in mentally or physical way. There are many different type of abuse and bulling through which
children has to go in their life. Some of the bulling and abuse are as follows:
Emotional Abuse and bullying: It is the type of the abuse, which is defined when child’s
emotional, psychological and sense of worth is continually battered in some or the other sense in
the nation. Generally, this type of abuse is done in the face of discrimination, ignoring,
corrupting and terrorizing a child. Generally, this type of abuse used to build a self- destructive
behaviour of the child in the nation. Also, children used to display inhibition to play anything.
Also children used to feel the high level of depression and anxiety. Also child who is impacted

by emotional bulling and Abuse generally finds it difficult to get up with other children of their
age, which eventually used to create the issue of the development gape in them.
Physical Abuse and bullying: This type of abuse is generally caused from beating or
harming the children in the physical ways. This type of violence generally is the result of the
excessive or inappropriate discipline which is highlighted within the family. This type of abuse is
generally performing in the face of bruising burns, welts, bite marks, major fracture to a child
(Munro, 2019). This type of abuse used to create variety of impact on the behaviour of the
children such as children used to wary of the different adult or particular individual, also they
become more violent to different animal or other children. It also makes all the children more
aggressive and extremely withdrawn of the different issue. This also used to create the variety of
physical indicator on the body of the children as well, such as welts, cuts, abrasions, fractures.
Also may be injury to the area of the body which are generally protected and covered.
Sexual Abuse and bullying: Sexual abuse is the type of the abuse in which children is
being used as a sexual purpose. This type of the abuse includes any type of the touching for the
sexual purpose, intercourse and adult exposing. It also includes photographing children
inappropriately. This type of abusing and bulling used to create variety of the mental impact on
the behaviour of the individual, as children used to become more withdrawn and very clingy in
the nature. Also, they used to become more secretive. Also it used to have unexpected
personality change as well, as children used to see mood swing, seeming insecure. Children also
used to outbursts to anger and build self- harming behaviour in themselves (child protect and
abuse, 2018).
Financial abuse and bullying: this is a type of abuse which is subtle and wherein one
person gradually takes control over the financial position of the other person. This abuse can
include threatening and violence by one person to another in exchange of money. Here the
person tries to take control over all the financial resources and assets of the other person in order
to have complete control over the other (Muench, Diaz and Wright, 2017). The major indicators
of this abuse and bullying is like restricting person to access its accounts, forbidding partner to
work, using credit cards and debit cards of other person and many other different forms of
indicators. This can also include the bank fraud, forged signatures of other person, investment
fraud, misuse of money and many other different types of fraudulent activities.

4.3 Possible signs and symptoms, indicators and behaviours which may cause concern for
safeguarding
When the child or young people do not feel good and comfortable then there are many
different signs, symptoms, behaviour and indicators which reflect that they are not feeling well.
Thus, these symptoms and indicators states that the young person or children are not protected
and safeguarded (Preston, 2018). Hence, these symptoms need to be understood correctly as
these symptoms outline the behaviour of the person. These possible indicators and symptoms
which suggest that their need to be concern for safeguarding the child and young people are as
follows-
Injury- for the physical abuse the major indicator is the injuries which are being done
because of this abuse or harm. The level of injury will reflect the amount or need of safeguarding
that is if the injury is more than there is high need of safeguarding the people. If the level of
injury is small or little, then the need for safeguarding will be low.
Low self- esteem- this is the major indicator for the domestic abuse on a child or young
people. This is majorly because of the reason that if they are facing any harm in their area of
living that is domestic then they will have very low self- esteem and will not be comfortable in
interacting with other people. Thus, here there is great need of safeguarding the people so that
they boost up their self- confidence and are able to deal with the harm or abuse (Types and
indicators of abuse, 2018).
Insomnia- this is an indicator of emotional or psychological abuse because when person
or child is emotionally disturbed then they generally lack sleep which is referred to as insomnia.
This is also an indicator which states that there is need to safeguard the child or young people as
they are becoming sleepless because of the harm or abuse which they are feeling at the emotional
level. Under this type of symptom generally the person is overthinking about the issue taken
place and this leads to lack of sleep or sleeplessness.
Heavy loss of money- this is an indicator which reflect that there is need to protect the
person from financial abuse and harm. If there is high loss on terms of money, then there is also
a high need to safeguard the person (McCormack, 2019). This is majorly because of the reason
that a young person or a child will not be able to handle high financial loss and they take any
harsh step. So there is high need of protecting and safeguarding the person from this abuse.

4.4 Actions to be taken if child or young person alleges harm or abuse
If the child or young people states that they have faced some harm and abuse, then it is
the responsibility of their parents or guardians to take care of them. This is majorly because of
this reason that if a person has faced any sort of abuse or harm then they are going through a
mental trauma and stress (Nyathi and Akister, 2016). Thus, it is the responsibility of their seniors
or people attached to them to take necessary action to calm the child or young person. The major
actions which can be taken at time when young person or child alleges abuse or harm are as
follow-
 The first step is to listen carefully what the person is trying to say that what had happened
to them and how they were abused. If the person will listen carefully to the abused person
then they will be revealed as their incident is listened by other people.
 The next action to be taken by the person listening is that they must not interrupt while
the abused person is sharing their experience. This is majorly because of the reason that
this might disturb or distract the person sharing the experience. The major reason
underlying this is that this might disturb the person and they might miss some part of the
incident.
 The another action to be taken by the person listening is to make the sufferer feel
comfortable and make them feel that whatever they have done is correct that is sharing of
the incident and now step to resolve the matter will be taken (Bovarnick, Scott and
Pearce, 2017). Also, it is the responsibility of the person to assure the person that it was
not their fault and make them comfortable that action against the abuser will be taken and
will be punished for their work.
 The next action here to be taken by the listener is to make the sufferer feel that now some
action will be taken by use in order to protect the person from the harm and abuse caused
by the other person. Thus, this will make the sufferer comfortable and motivated and will
tell the incident to some higher authorities who are responsible for the protection of child
and young people from any sort of harm or abuse by other people.
 The next action to be taken for the protection of the child or young person from the harm
and abuse is to report the incident who is responsible for management of the abuse
(Boggis, 2018). The reporting of the abuse or incident to some governing authority will

make sure the abuser is being punished for what they have done. This will make the
person being harmed comfortable and relax.
4.5 Rights which children and young people along with their carers have in situation of harm or
abuse
There are many different types of laws and rules and regulations and legislations which
help the child or young people at time of abuse and harm. If a young person or child is being
suspected of harm and abuse, then they have many different rights which they can exercise under
the child protection policy (Kirkbride, 2018). Along with the suspect the family or the carer also
have some rights which they can exercise in protection of the suspected person. The major right
of the child is get the health benefits and treatment within good hospitals and care home in case
of physical abuse. This is majorly because of the fact that in case of physical abuse the person is
harmed physically and this need to be get treated. All these rights provide for the guideline that if
the person suffers from any of the issue then they have many different rights and regulations
which they can apply for getting treatment and justice from the abuse.
Hence, they have right to get treatment in good hospital. Another right which they
possess is of human right that is set of basic things which are included by person to live with
dignity. The human rights exist to make sure that the people are treated in proper and fair
manner. Another major right of children and young people is that government must ensure that
the decision is provided in the best interest of the sufferer. This is majorly because of the fact
that if the child will not be provided justice then they will not trust the laws and rules and
regulations.
In the end its can be said that there are many different rights which the child or young
person can use in getting protection and safeguarding from any sort of harm and abuse (Stallard,
2019). This is majorly because of the reason that it is the duty and responsibility of governing
agent or regulatory body to protect and safeguard the children and young people from getting
harm or abuse. Also, the person suffering from abuse has many other different rights which they
can exercise in order to get justice or some solution. For this the sufferer has the right to equity
and here the sufferer need to have equal treatment and rights so that they can get treatment as
required. But it is very necessary for the sufferer to have proper knowledge of all the rights
which are being provided to them for their betterment. This is necessary because of the fact that

if the sufferer will not have proper knowledge then they will not be able to use the rights in
proper and effective manner.
4.6 Serious case reviews inform practices
Serious case is the case which earlier took place relating to child abuse and harming to
young people. This case is reviewed if the similar case takes place in current situation that is if
the situation of existing case and the present case are similar then the practices involved in the
existing case are applied within the present case. The serious case takes place when the child dies
after the abuse or he injury. Here the practices are developed which could have been used to save
the child in the serious case (Serious case reviews, 2019). The major purpose behind the use of
Serious case reviews is that this informs about the practices which could have been used for the
purpose of gaining knowledge of the practices which were used in that case.
Thus, this review of serious case helps the person in getting advance knowledge that if
any such or similar thing happens or occurs then the same practices which have been used in the
case can be used in the same manner. Also, these can be kept as guidelines that is if the people
encounters same situation then they can blindly use the same practices. This will be successful as
these have been applied earlier as well and they were successful (Wood, 2016). This serious case
reviews takes place when the child dies after the serious injury or death of the person. The major
objective behind these special review cases is to build some practices which could have been
applied and the child would have been saved from the issues of abuse and harm. Hence, the
special case review is a special strategy which assist the person in effectively gaining knowledge
relating to different practices which they can use in order to protect the child form the abuse or
the harm.
Also, at time of either death of child or serious damage to the child the case review is
conducted. In this case review the local professionals and other related organizations are hired in
order to identify the ways and practices which can be applied for improving the state of the child.
Thus, this will inform the sufferer to apply some practices which can be helpful in overcoming
with the abuse and injury of the child (Cope, 2018). This serious case reviews are very helpful
for the management committee or the people working for the justice of the person. This is
majorly because of the reason that all these serious case reviews are the cases which can help and
guide the support staff and the people working over the case. This is majorly because of the fact

that this will help the people in getting the case solved by referring to the same case which have
been taken place earlier.
5.1 Ways in which support staff can work with children and young people in improving their
self- esteem and self- confidence
The support staff is the one which help the children and young people in managing the
growth and development of the person in good and effective manner. It is very necessary for the
support staff to help the young people in managing their life in effective manner. This is because
of the fact that the young people and children are at the age where they can learn many bad
things fast and this can impact on the life of person (Shuker, 2017). The major reason underlying
this fact is that these support staff help the person to grow in correct manner and to in direction
of development as a good person.
For a child to become successful the most important thing is the self- confidence and self-
esteem. It is so because of the fact that the child or young person learns at the young age only
and if they will not be provided with proper guidelines then they can have good life ahead. Thus,
for this the most important thing is self- esteem and self- confidence as self- esteem is defined as
the self- importance of the person that is how the person think about themselves. The confidence
is defined as the state of being confident that whatever the person is doing is correct and
trustworthy.
The first step which can be taken by the support staff is to provide for clear and good
feedback to the person so that they can improve all the negative things to a great extent. This is
necessary for the support staff to provide true feedback of the child that is if they are not good in
certain things then this need to be told to them in form of a feedback. Thus, with help of this way
the child will come to know about the areas in which they need to develop to live a healthy and
safe life.
Another way which can be used by support staff to improve the self- confidence and self-
esteem is to explain the children about their mistakes with help of learning by doing. It is majorly
due to the reason that when a person experience something by themselves then they learn and
retain the things for longer. Thus, it is necessary for support staff to make the child of young
person to learn the lessons of life and how to self- confident with help of some real life incidents.
This is majorly because of the reason that when person experience themselves then only they
learn that thing by their heart and never forget that.

Another way is to let the child make their own choice for their further life. This is
majorly because of the fact that in life there are many choices which the child or a young person
has to choose from (Hayes, 2018). Thus, here the child or young person should be allowed to
choose from the various options available to them. The support staff must not interfere in
decision making of the child and let them take the decision by themselves. This will help the
child in understanding their life in better manner. Here the support staff just guide the child that
which is the best way and which things are right and which are wrong.
5.2 Role of support staff in recognizing sign of mental health concern in children and young
people
Mental health is defined as the level of well- being on basis of the psychological health or
the absence of mental illness within the person (Appleton, 2019). The mental health includes the
social, psychological and emotional health of a person in order to handle stress and other issues.
In managing the mental health of child or young person support staff need to work in effective
manner. This is necessary because of the fact that it is very necessary to manage the people
having mental illness as these people are really young and their whole life is still remaining and
if they will be provided proper care then they have to take proper care of the people.
There are many different signs and symptoms which illustrate that the person is
undergoing some mental stress or illness. This include feeling sad, or excessive fear and worries,
mood changes, tiredness, incapability to cope with stress, detachment from friends and family
and many other signs. Here the support staff plays a crucial role in managing and curing the
person or child suffering from the mental health or disorder. The major role of support staff is to
educate the child that even though they are suffering from mental illness then also they can
recover from the disease to a great extent if they do some hard work.
Thus, the main role of support staff is to help the person in gaining knowledge about the
ways in which they can improve the disability of the child. Another role of support staff is to
teach and educate the people suffering from mental health relating to the ways in which they can
fight with the disability. Also, another role is to encourage and motivate the people to fight with
the disease and to recover in effective manner. This is necessary as this will help the person in
recovering from the disease in fast manner and they can divert their mind in some other areas.
In the end it is said that if a child or young person is very necessary and this is only
possible because of the assistance of supporting staff. This is majorly because of the fact that if

the support staff will not perform their work in effective manner then the child or young person
will not be able to recover from the disease (Craven and Tooley, 2016). Thus, the support staff
need to play its role in effective and efficient manner. It is the duty of the support staff to manage
and help the sufferer to work on recognizing the signs of mental illness and then work on
reducing these symptoms so that the person can develop in a good and effective manner.
5.3 Sign of possible mental health concerns among young and child
There are a variety of signs and symptoms which states that the child or young person is
suffering from some or the other mental disorder or disease. Also, there is a large variety of
mental illness which can be faced by the child or young person. The most common signs and
symptoms of mental health issue are as follows-
 Anxiety disorder- This is a symptom which is responded by the person in form of fear or
panic or even sweating or rapid increases in the heartbeat and many other different sign
of anxiety.
 Mood disorder- This is another major sign of the mental illness and this is also called the
affective disorder (Appleton and Sidebotham, 2018). This is majorly because of the
reason that this involves frequent changes within the feelings and mood of the person like
sadness, sudden happiness, anger, grief and many other different feeling and emotion of
person.
 Psychotic disorder- This is another symptom which involves distorted awareness of
anything and the thinking of a person. The major two symptoms of this sign is the
hallucination in which the person feels the image or sound of those things which are not
in the real life. The another symptom is the delusion in the person beliefs in false things
which the sufferer thinks are true but in actual it is not true.
 Addiction or impulse control- This is another disorder in which the people suffering have
impulse control over the disorder and this result in resistance of urge and performing the
work which could be harmful for them as well as others. The impulse disorder can be like
kleptomania that is act of stealing, pyromania that is lighting fire or even compulsive
gambling. The another sign is the addiction to the alcohol or drugs which may result in
harm to the life of the person (Spencer, Griffin and Floyd, 2019).
 Personality disorder- This is also a sign of mental disorder which is being suffered by the
child or the young person. This is a symptom in which the sufferer has extreme

inflexibility of personality traits. This causes problem in the thinking of person as
sometimes they are different state of mind and within second they are in different frame
of mind. There are many different types of personality disorder like antisocial
personality, paranoid personality, obsessive- compulsive personality and many other
different types of personality disorder (Officer, 2019).
 Social withdrawal- This is another sign which states that the person is having mental
disorder. This is a symptom wherein the person is not happy and comfortable with the
people around them. This is majorly because of the reason that they do not like social
interaction and because of this they do not like to go to public places and this states that
person is suffering from mental disorder.
In the end it can be said that it is not good for a child or a young person to suffer from the mental
disease of disorder. This is majorly because of the reason that their whole life is remaining and it
is very crucial for them to manage and try to adapt to ways which are necessary for improvement
of the person so that they can recover from the disease of mental illness and disorder.
5.4 Need to work with young person and children for developing their emotional resilience and
mental well being
Emotional resilience is defined as the ability of the person to adapt to the situation which
are of stress or crises. The people having more resilience are able to adapt to the difficult
situation in much effective manner. But the who are less resilient are weak and are not able to
adapt to the stressful situation with difficulty. Thus, it is the responsibility of the support staff to
need to work with the child and young person for the development of emotional resilience and
mental well- being. Both are necessary because of the reason that if the person is not strong in
dealing with the stress and difficult situation then the will not be successful. Also if the people
are not good in the mental well- being then they will not be able to work in effective manner.
The young age or child age is the age where the person learns all the basic of life and
ethical working (Jones, 2017). Thus, there is great need for the person to work with young
people to work on building emotional resilience and mental well- being. This is because of the
fact that the young age of child is very tender and this is the age where they can either build their
career in good manner or in bad manner. Hence, the need to work upon the child is very high for
developing them as a good person.

Another major need to work with young people for developing emotional resilience and
self- confidence is to manage and recognize the signs of mental health concern within the child
and young person is to develop a commitment level within the person that they have to fight
within the disease so that they can recover in better manner (Shuker and Ackerley, 2017). This is
only being done with help of the support staff as the patient is handled by the support staff only.
Thus, this is the major role of the support staff in order to take care of the patient so that they can
gather courage and confidence in dealing with the issue and disease and to fight with it and
recover from it.
In the end it can be said that it is very essential to work with young people and children
for developing emotional resilience and mental well- being. This is essential because of the fact
that if the child will not be emotionally resilient and mentally stable then they will not be able to
work in an effective manner. Hence, it is very necessary for the person to work in effective and
efficient manner with the child so that they can become emotionally stable and strong and also
stable at mental level.
CONCLUSION
In the end it is summarised that managing and safeguarding the children and young
people is very necessary for their better life. This is majorly because of the reason that this is
tender age and if in this age the person goes in wrong direction then their whole life will be
ruined. Thus, it is necessary for the person to take care of the young people and children to a
great extent. He current report stated that protection of child is important as there are different
type of abuse and bullying like physical, financial, emotional and other type of abuse and
bullying.
Further, the report identified that there are many actions which need to be taken for
betterment of child and young person and also there are many rights of person like human rights,
right to education and many others. Next different role of supporting staff in outlining signs of
mental health among children was discussed like social disorder, personality disorder, anxiety
disorder and many others. In the end need of being emotionally resilient and good mental well-
being was highlighted.

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