Web Architecture, Components, and Protocols: A Comprehensive Guide

The assignment content is related to the TCP/IP protocol and discusses the importance of download speed, computer specifications, and server-side factors in determining website performance. It highlights the roles of HTTP, SMTP, and DNS protocols in facilitating communication on the internet. The user side focuses on factors such as browser requirements, computer processing power, and image formats (bitmap and vector) that affect loading times. The server side emphasizes the significance of web server bandwidth, execution time, and audio file compression (WAV and MP3) in ensuring seamless website performance.

Mostafiqur Rahman Unit 28 – Website Production Task 1
ID: 1111382 P1, P2, M1, D1
Task 1.1 Web Architecture and Components (P1)
Web Architecture
1. Internet Service Providers (ISP)
Internet Service Providers are a service that
provides internet to someone and let them
get access to internet. You pay your ISP
that will provide for you a way to connect to the internet
via modern or router.
How is it used to connect to the internet?
To be able to connect to the internet you will
need to make a contract with your internet
providers and they will send you a router. The
router will send all the request to your internet
service providers server and they will allow you
to surf the web. To get access to internet in a phone or any wireless
devices you can use the Wi-Fi if your device does not have a Wi-Fi
connection you will have to connect with a cable.
2. Web Hosting Services
What is a Web hosting services?
Web hosting server buy space and
then allows to other company
(small business) to use their server
so they can store their website then
they publish it on the WWW (world
wide web) and update it and
protects it. Web hosting service are
made to provide small businesses to get their website.
Why is this important when viewing the internet?
Hosting is important on starting a website because the website must be
published to web hosting service so the customers will be able to go to
the website. This service is really useful for small businesses as it is
cheaper and it give them protection and guaranty.
3. Explain the domain structure.
Domain is the URL but in form of numbers and it is changed into letter so
people can remember it easier instead of this “1123.152.445”. so
basically it like a name tag for the server without that people cannot
access the website. The domain structure is divided in 3 specific type.
Assignment 1 of 2
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department – Understanding websites
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT 1

Mostafiqur Rahman Unit 28 – Website Production Task 1
ID: 1111382 P1, P2, M1, D1
Top level domain it is the last part of the link (e.g. .com .it .fr .uk etc…).
then there is the second level domain which is part of the link that
contains the host name (e.g. youtube.com, google.com etc…). the third
level domain is also called the subdomain this domain is located on the
left of the second level domain (e.g. www.google.com ,
www.youtube.com, www.facebook.com, www.instagram.com,
www.talktalk.co.uk etc…).
4. What is a domain name registrars?
Is an organization that manages the reservation of internet domain name
for a company or an individual. If you do not register your website, people
can steal your name or idea.
Why is this needed when connecting to the internet?
Because you can use the link provided by them to connect to the website.
5. Explain what is the worldwide web?
Is an information space where documents and other web resources are
identified by the URLs, interlink by hypertext links, and can be access via
the internet from anywhere.
Web Components
Hardware
1. What is a web server?
A web server is a special server where all the data for all the websites are
store and from where our ISP (internet Service Provider) access the
information or data and then our CPU process the information and
displays it on the screen. Web servers have specific IP address example
www.google.com
How it works?
We go on a browse and type a domain name and then our Internet service
provider gets the data from server and then input it on the CPU then the
CPU translate the data into images and text then it output the data to our
browser. Browsers are software that is used to access internet.
2. What is a mail server?
Is a server which is used to store e-mails. It is used from the local users
that sends the message and the mail server react to the request and then
send it to the destination. Mail servers is a Hardware that deals with e-
mails and how they process.
Assignment 1 of 2
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department – Understanding websites
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT 2

Mostafiqur Rahman Unit 28 – Website Production Task 1
ID: 1111382 P1, P2, M1, D1
How it works?
They get the mail and they deliver it to their right owner.
3. What is a proxy server?
It is the server that is between the real server and the user that send
request. They provide increased performance and security.
How it works?
It works as the wall for the real servers so hackers cannot access private
information.
4. What is a router?
A router allows data package to go across the network and gets the data
requested by the user. The router connects the user to the internet.
How does this work?
The router sends information to the server and collects the information
the user requested. With the router you can access the internet via cable
or wirelessly.
Software
1. What is a browser?
A browser is a software in your computer that allows the user to access
internet. The browser turns the code that it receives from the web server
into images, sound, video, text etc…
- Protocol
Protocol is like a rule in which is written how the data will be transferred
on the internet and go from the senders to destination. Without the rules
the websites won’t work properly and it will break down.
2. TCP/IP
TCP (transmission control protocol) is a standard that defines how to
establish and maintain a network conversation. TCP encrypt the data and
send it then when the data comes it decrypt so we can use it. TCP works
with the IP (internet Protocol) which allows internet connection between 2
devices. It attach a IP to the user and one in the server. The IP finds the
fastest rout. TCP and IP are the basic rules defining the internet.
3. HTTPS
Assignment 1 of 2
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department – Understanding websites
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT 3

Mostafiqur Rahman Unit 28 – Website Production Task 1
ID: 1111382 P1, P2, M1, D1
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is similar to HTTP but the HTTPS uses
the secure socket layer which gives the website more security. Example of
website that uses HTTPS are banking and investment websites, e-
commerce website, and most websites that require you to log in.
Task 1.2 Web 2.0, Blogs, Online Application (Flash plug
in, PDF Opener, Java Applets etc.) and Cloud Computing.
(M1)
Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is the new generation of web which website the user can have an
effect on it like Wikipedia user can change the information, as well as
several interconnected online services, such as social media websites,
email, security programs etc… web 2.0 uses dynamic HTML web pages
instead of the static HTML web pages to improve the experience. Web 2.0
focus on 3 main areas and they are interactivity, user content and
information sharing. Web 2.0 brought to the website where it allow the
users around the world to share information.
Blogs
Blogs are website that usually are updated on a regular base with
information this information can be in form of text, image, music or video.
This is control by one or more administrator or moderator for the website
and on blog there are usually area where people can comment.
Online Application
Allows the user to use programmes on the internet without installing it.
Which makes them accessible anywhere and usually they are free or
maybe have a low price. This make life easier for the user providing them
with direct access to feature fast and quickly. For example flash plugins
helps the user to view the video online which can have some sort of
plugins necessary to run, or PDF Opener which help the user to open all
the document that he just downloaded from the internet. This kind of
application can be used in computers as well as in smartphone.
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is referred to storing, processing or managing data and
shares it on the internet. This data can be accessed anywhere and
anytime as long as you got internet connection. The advantage of Cloud
Computing is that it cost efficient, it can have unlimited storage of data, it
has backups and recovery methods, easy access to information etc…
disadvantage the web server can be attack by hacker, they can have
technical issues.
Assignment 1 of 2
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department – Understanding websites
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT 4

Mostafiqur Rahman Unit 28 – Website Production Task 1
ID: 1111382 P1, P2, M1, D1
Task 1.3 TCP/IP Protocol (D1)
What is TCP/IP protocol?
TCP shorten for Transmission control
protocol is like a communication
language of the internet. TCP/IP are 2
layers programs, the higher layer
manages (TCP) the packaging of data or
message into smaller packets that is
send through the internet and when it
arrives at the destination the TCP/IP
recomposes the packets in the original
form. The lower layer (IP) this handless
the destination of each package. TCP
also checks packets for errors and
submits request for re-transmission if
they are found. This 2 are a set of rules
that are use among all the computer on the internet.
For example if 2 computer are connected to the same network they
wound not be connected if they do not use the same language which is
TCP/IP a set of rules. In this way the computer can send or receive
information and the information can be
any data.
There are many different application
layer protocols which is related to the
TCP/IP protocol and they are:
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol
(HTTP)
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
(SMTP)
- Domain Name System (DNS)
Hypertext Transfer protocol is the protocol that lets the access between a
web server and a client, it is and application layer protocol for distributing
information in the World Wide Web (WWW).
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a TCP/IP Protocol that is use to sending or
receiving e-mails or messages.
Domain Name System is used to translate domain names into IP
addresses because domain names used alphabetic which make them easy
to remember. The internet is bassed on IP addresses every time we go to
a IP address the DNS translate it for us. For example the domain name
www.google.com might be 123.115.201.42.
Assignment 1 of 2
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department – Understanding websites
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT 5

Mostafiqur Rahman Unit 28 – Website Production Task 1
ID: 1111382 P1, P2, M1, D1
This is linked to TCP/IP because all this information must send information
across the internet to the destination without fail and if the packet of
information is lost then it will be resend until the user gains the full
information.
Task 1.4 User & Server Side (P2)
User Side
Download Speed (relate to computer specification and internet
connection)
Download speed is a very important factor when you are loading a
website because if your download speed is really high the website will
load up quickly however if it is slow the page can take a long time to load.
This can effect anything on the internet even when you are browsing or
watching a high quality video. Slow download speed can create a long
waiting time in loading any website and so watching video will take a
longer time.
Talk about browsers been used on computer
The browser is a program that allows the user to access the internet
without the browser the user cannot access the internet. This browser
allows the user to surf the internet, watch video, read news, listen to
music etc… but there are many browser and they all work differently
because some of them are faster than other. Every different browser has
different types of requirement that it needs.
Talk about computer specification when viewing using a website
Computer specification is another important factor when it comes to how
fast you can load a website because if you have a slow processor the
website will process slower on the other hand if the processor is fast they
can process the information faster and load the website quicker.
Server Side
Web server bandwidth
Web server is where all the website are store and bandwidth is the
capacity of how many user it can handle at the same time. This is really
important because web page like Facebook has thousand to millions of
user logging in each second so if they have a small capacity the user will
load up the web page slower or even don’t allow the user to connect to
their services.
Execution to be performed before pages loads
Assignment 1 of 2
Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department – Understanding websites
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT 6

Mostafiqur Rahman Unit 28 – Website Production Task 1
ID: 1111382 P1, P2, M1, D1
All the web pages have step that need to be complete before they load
up. For example a page could have high quality image or video, to be able
to load all this content it will take time. The more content there is the
more time it takes to load which can affect the users overall experience.
How bitmap/vector affect website performance
Bitmap are made with pixel and they usually are bigger than vector
images. There are different type of bitmap images like gif and bmp.
Bitmap image are big in file size which can load the website slower.
Vector are made from shapes and they usually are smaller than bitmap
images. Vector image are saved as pdf, to jpg and gif file. Vector image
on a website loads up quicker than bitmap which slows down the loading
time.
How wav/mp3 affect website performance
Wav file are usually audio files which can be found on the website. They
can be very large which mean they are not compressed this may affect
the loading time of the web page for the user. Wav files has good audio
quality.
On the other hand mp3 files are compressed and really small compared to
wav file, but the quality of the audio can be bad. The difference in quality
from each other are rarely noticeable. Mp3 file would stile slow down the
loading time of a web page but they can load quicker than wav files.
http://unit28jamiewinterbottom.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/p2-explain-user-
side-and-server-side.html
http://008776.weebly.com/m1.html
http://unit28ict.weebly.com/d1.html
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Assignment title: Tower Hamlets College (THC) safeguarding department – Understanding websites
BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma in IT 7