Theories, Principles and Models in Education and Training

Unit 3 Theories, Principles
and Models in Education and
Training
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INTRODUCTION
Learning is process of acquiring of knowledge and experience from various sources. The
teachers need to possess in depth knowledge so that they can teach students. Along with it, there
are many ways by which it becomes easy to remain updated about knowledge. In this education
and training are most common ones (Aoudia and Hoydis 2019). This enable teacher to learn and
gain knowledge easily. Also, it is important to effectively communicate with students so that
their needs are identified. Besides, it enable in identifying how learners are concentrated to
learning. Thus, there are various theories and models of learning that can be applied by teachers.
Furthermore, the curriculum must be developed in such a way that student can easily learn and
their needs are fulfilled. They need to be specialised in their field for it.
In this report it will be described about models of learning, ways how it can be applied in
teaching. Also, model of learning preference and its application is explained. Alongside,
communication theories and its application along with models of assessment in learning is
mentioned as well. The models of curriculum development will be discussed. At last models of
reflection and how it is applied in own practice will be reviewed.
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1.1 Theories, principles, models of learning
Learning is a continuous process and it enable teacher to acquire knowledge from various
sources. Thus, there are different models and principles of learning which are available which
can be applied in learning (Asadollahi Kheirabadi and Mirzaei 2019). The use of model depends
on teacher needs as each one is based on different concept. Thus, they are defined as below
MacWhinney Emergentist model- this model state that skills are not applied in practical
knowledge. This means that procedural knowledge shows path of apply existing one in such a
way that it becomes easy to take decision. Thus, GCSE English apply procedural education
system by which learner can analyse their past experience to get in depth understanding.
Vygotsky’s social development theory – He suggested a method of social development. In this
learner can work in independent way to gain and acquire knowledge. He said that learning is
social process that can be done with help of parents, peers, etc. So, they all play vital role in
development of high psychological functions. In this there are 3 stages that are external,
egocentric and inner speech.
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Procedural vs declarative knowledge – Here, declarative knowledge means specific material to
experience of learner. So it answer question related to WH question. It enable student to answer
declarative question in effective way. Whereas procedural knowledge shows how to do
something. This means to acquire knowledge in practical way. The declarative knowledge is
gathered instant but this is not possible in case of procedural knowledge.
Scaffold learning model- this model break overall info into various pieces of info by which it is
easy to learn. The student is able to gain skills for further learning (Bennett and Pfetsch 2018).
Thus, it becomes easy for teacher to understand which student is facing challenge and what
patterns are in it.
1.2 How models of learning can be applied to teaching
It is found that models of learning can be applied in teaching in various ways. They are
discussed as follows :
Theory of personality – It state impact of behaviour on learning. The learner can acquire
knowledge after lecture. This will enable them to gain knowledge in effective way. However,
there are two types of learner that is dyslexic and non dyslexic. Thus, audio format is also
suitable way that can be used by teacher.
Fleming VAK- In this there are 3 ways by which learner can acquire knowledge. The visual
learner can do this just by seeing, presentation slides, videos, etc. The auditory learner can
acquire by listening audio, and kinaesthetic learner can do this by observing movement, walking,
etc. of teachers.
Developing competency based program- there is need to organize a program which is based on
competency for learners. The program must show that knowledge is important and is associated.
So, learners can easily do innovation with it. Moreover, competency program will help in
identify problem and finding its solution by learners.
Individual learning plans (ILP) - Here, teachers are required to watch movie, practice in front
of mirror and do assignment for their own personal skill to learn and develop (de Groot 2020).
With this personal skills enhance knowledge collection efficiency of learners.
SMART target- In this both teachers and learners are to analyze SMART target that is Specific,
Measurable, Achievable, Reliable and Timely. This is final learning assessment where the
relationship of theoretical approach with practical approach is integrated.
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