Leadership and Management Concepts

This report explores the concepts of leadership and management in the context of TESCO. It discusses the roles of leaders and managers, the difference between management and leadership, and their impact on organizational performance. The report also examines the application of chaos theory and management by objective in enhancing business growth. Recommendations are provided for creating a positive working environment.

UNIT 4
Leadership and
Management Concepts
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Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART A Report...............................................................................................................................3
Introduction of the organisation...................................................................................................3
Definition & role of leader and manager along with difference between management &
leadership.....................................................................................................................................4
Various roles of managers as well as leader in context of organisational situation....................5
How chaos theory and management by objective is applicable in the organisation and how
they enhance the growth & sustain the performance of business................................................7
Conclusion & Recommendation..................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
Management refers to the combination of various types of principles which mainly linked
with various organisational functions which includes organising, planning, controlling, directing
and so on. Therefore, it refers to the practice with the help of which managers & leaders both
conduct their business functions in an effective manner. On the other hand, operation define as
the activity which are related with managing and controlling all the internal work of the company
(Bush, Bell and Middlewood, 2019). This will aid in smooth running of the business organisation
at the marketplace. In the present report, TESCO is chosen as the base company which is a
British Multinational general merchandise and groceries retail which is located in UK. Company
was established in the year 1919 by Jack Cohen. This is the report which is divided into two
main parts where in first section a report is conducted to enhance the understanding about
different roles of manager and leader. In addition to this, difference between management and
leadership is also discussed, also their role in different organisational context is also included. In
the second part, a PowerPoint presentation is going to be developed where role of manager will
be examined in context of key operational function. Along with this it includes influence of
external factors on the overall decision making process.
PART A Report
Introduction of the organisation.
TESCO Plc is a British retail grocery and merchandise store establish in the marketplace of
UK. The name TESCO was taken from a unique of the name of tea suppliers which is T.E.
Stockwell & Jack Cohen who are the founder of TESCO. In the year 1924 the brand name was
appeared and the first store was opened in year 1929 at the marketplace of Burnt Oak, London
and Edgware. TESCO is considered as one of the biggest food retailers across the whole wide
world as they operate approximately 2318 stores and provide employment to around 326000
people all over the world (Weiss, Tappen and Grimley, 2019). It has been said that Tesco has
expanded its business in various areas which includes retailing of clothing, books, toys, furniture,
software, telecoms, financial services, internet services and many more.
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Definition & role of leader and manager along with difference between management &
leadership.
Definition of Manager: Manager refers to a person who hold the overall responsibility of the
organisation and employees that they must perform their work in an effective manner or not.
Manager have various sort of skills which includes good communication and listening,
trustworthy, motivator and so on which help them in performing their work effectively
(Prasojo and Holidin, 2018). Along with this, manager also encourage and motivate their
staff member in order to produce high quality goods and services within given period of
time. The main role of a manager is to manage all the business activities in an effective
manner so that the goals and objectives of the organisation can be achieved within given
time frame.
Definition of Leader: whereas, a leader is a person who provide guidance, direction as well as
inspire individuals working within the organisation so they perform their work in a well
manner and produce favourable outcomes. Also, leader executes their roles for the
achievement of objectives & goals of the organisation with effective qualitative outcomes.
Differences between leadership and management:
Leaders create vision whereas managers create goals:
Leaders of an organisation are focused towards the attainment of goals and objectives and
for this they motivate their staff members on a regular basis which as a result turn vision of the
company into reality. With the help of effective leadership styles of leaders, they create vison
and provide guidance to attain them. On the other hand, manager is the person who creates small
or achievable goals for the employees, so that the end objective of the company will be attained.
Therefore, leader is the person who develop the organisational vision whereas manager creates
organisational goals (Sparks, 2019).
Leaders are unique whereas managers copy others:
Leaders are expert as well as competent and perform their all the job roles with strategies
and tactics. Each and every leader are very comfortable in their very own working style and want
every individual that they must learn new things from different organisational situations.
Whereas, in context of manager they mainly copy the working styles from leaders and do not
have any unique solutions to the problems.
Leaders take risks and on the other hand managers control risks.
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Leaders are the one who have innovative nature and try new and unique things for the
accomplishment of organisational goals in an effective manner. leaders take risk and adopt new
leadership styles in order to get success in competitive marketplace. Whereas managers work in
the situation which includes less risk in order to attain goals and objectives of the company.
Therefore, the major difference between leader and manager is that leader freely take risk
whereas manager avoid or control risk (Gourlay, 2018).
Similarities between management & leadership
Both supervise teams and groups:
Main similarity between both leader and manager is that they provide guidance and
supervise their staff members what to do in order to attain organisational goals in an effective
manner. Leaders and managers of TESCO provide guidance and direction to their employees as
well as motivate them on a regular basis by satisfying their needs and wants. This will aid them
in enhancing their performance and gain ample number of future opportunities in an effective
manner.
Both evaluate performance of employees:
In the context of both leader and managers, they observe as well as evaluate the
performance of employees on a day to day basis. this will assist them at the time of performance
appraisal and motivate others to work more effectively and efficiently. In the present business
context of TESCO, managers and leaders of the company examine the performance of the
company and influence them in order to perform their work more effectively and efficiently.
Both leader and manager are responsible for the outcome:
It has been said that both leader as well as manager perform their job role in order to
accomplish the organisational goals and objectives of the coampny. They both are responsible
for the outcome or result of the company. For this, they provide guidance, motivation and
direction to the staff members so they can attain the goals and objectives of the company within
given period of time (Johnson and et. al., 2018).
Various roles of managers as well as leader in context of organisational situation.
It has been identified that leaders as well as managers both play very important role in the
accomplishment of organisational goals and objectives of the business entity. In reference to
TESCO, it is very essential for both of them to conduct their functionality in an effective manner
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so that they will be able to produce positive or favourable outcomes within given time frame.
Some of the roles are going to be discussed as follows along with different leadership styles:
a) Employee engagement: It refers to a business situation where employees feel
motivated and encouraged when they perform their functionality within the business
organisation. In reference to TESCO, managers and leader develop positive working
environment within their company so that all the employees effectively engage in the activities.
It is very essential for the manager and leader to encourage their staff members by involving
them in the process of decision making so they feel motivated and committed towards the
business organisation (Clarke, 2018). With the help of this, both managers as well as leaders can
enhance the effectiveness and employee’s engagement within the business organisation so that
the goals of company can be enhanced in an effective manner. Along with this, it is the role of
manager where they need to develop effective policies in order to engage their staff members so
they can attain organisational objectives in an effective manner. On the other hand, leader in
such situation guide their supervisors to perform task in an efficient way and produce favourable
results. Apart from this, they need to examine the commitment of staff members so they can
develop more effective strategies in order to enhance their engagement at workplace.
b) Conflict resolution: One of the most common situation rise at the workplace is
conflicts and disputes among the staff members of company. This might affect the whole
performance of employees and company in a negative way and reduces overall profitability at
the marketplace. Therefore, it is very essential for the manager to provide positive working
environment to the employees which help them in enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness of
the business entity. For avoiding such negative situation from the workplace it is required by the
managers and leader to examine their staff members carefully, listen to their issues and problems
as well as provide them effective solutions within given time frame (Wildavsky, 2018). These
issues might be reduced by managers with the help of effective communication with staff
members on a regular basis. therefore, managers and leaders have essential role in order to
resolve conflicts and disputes arise within the business entity, which increases the performance
of staff members.
Theories and Concepts:
It has been said that leadership within an organisation play very important role so that
effective plans and policies will be developed for smooth running of the business functions.
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There are various leadership theories which is used by the leaders of TESCO which help them in
performing their functions in more efficient manner and accomplish goals within given time
period. Some of the most essential leadership theories are going to be discussed as follows:
Situational leadership theory:
It is the form of a leadership style where leaders of the company take effective decisions
on the basis of situation arise within the business organisation. This is a leadership style where
leaders can modify or alter their working style according to the situation arise at workplace and
help them in accomplishing their goals and objectives of the company in an effective manner.
this is one of the most effective and suitable approach which is mainly adopted by every leader
(Eacott and Evers, 2018). In the present context of TESCO, leaders of the company are flexible
in nature and modify their knowledge and skills according to the changing environment so they
can easily perform their work as per the need and attain their goals and objectives of the
company within given time period.
Contingency theory of leadership:
This is another approach of leadership where personality as well as behaviour of the
leader need to be considered. This is the theory which says that leadership skills are not only
based on the situation but on the behaviour to control the situation in an effective manner.
Leaders have the role and responsibility to effectively communicate all the strategies and policies
with the staff members so they can easily understand their task and help in accomplishing
organisational goals and objectives. This is the theory which is adopted by the leaders of TESCO
assume two leadership style which are task and people oriented.
How chaos theory and management by objective is applicable in the organisation and how they
enhance the growth & sustain the performance of business.
Management by Objective: It is a strategic management model which focuses on improvement
of organisational performance with the help of clearly defining objectives as well as goals of the
company by both management team as well as by the employees. As per this theory, it has been
said that setting goals & actions plans highly motivate staff members in order to perform their
work effectively and attain organisational goals in an effective manner and within given period
of time (Peters, 2018). With the help of effective implementation of management by objective it
has been said that employees clearly understand what is expected by them. Along with this it is
said to be an effective process with the help of which staff members can easily understand their
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job roles and duties at workplace. In the present context of TESCO, managers of the company
effectively implement MBO within their workplace so that they can increase the efficiency as
well as performance of the company at market. This as a result will assist in enhancing the
growth as well as success of the company at the competitive marketplace.
Chaos Theory: It is a theory which suggest that management should focus on the initiative,
adaptability as well as entrepreneurial creativity in order to cope up with the future uncertainty.
This is the model which is commonly a part of mathematics which says that small amount of
changes in the behaviour might complete changes or modify the system in both positive as well
as negative manner. In the present context of leadership and management, according to chaos
theory there is a requirement for effective leadership in order to provide guidance to the
employees, organizational beliefs, strong values & open communication (Bush, Bell and
Middlewood, 2019). It has also been said most successful leader can easily understand that
organization as well as individual are not the essential elements, the important thing is the
relationship among the two. With the help of effective adoption of chaos theory at the workplace
of TESCO managers of the company can increases the efficiency of their worker which as a
result aid them in rising their profitability as well as success at the competitive marketplace.
Conclusion & Recommendation
With the aid of above stated report, it has been concluding that leadership and management
plays very essential role in the accomplishment of organisational goals and objectives in an
effective manner and within given time frame. Both leader as well as manager have their own
roles and responsibilities in the business entity with the help of which they attain end goal of the
company. Managers and leaders both chose different theories and concepts in order to create
positive working environment for the staff members. This will aid them in producing high
quality goods and services. Some of the recommendations given to the management team of the
company is that managers and leaders both need to perform their work in a coordinated manner
so that positive and healthy working environment will be created. This will help in producing
favourable outcomes in more efficient manner. Apart from this, another recommendation which
is given to the leaders of TESCO is that they must adopt effective and most suitable leadership
style so that they can motivate their staff members accordingly and provide appropriate solutions
to the issues faced by company. This will aid them in accomplishing their organisational goals
and objectives in an effective way.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bush, T., Bell, L. and Middlewood, D. eds., 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. SAGE Publications Limited.
Weiss, S.A., Tappen, R.M. and Grimley, K., 2019. Essentials of nursing leadership &
management. FA Davis.
Prasojo, E. and Holidin, D., 2018. Leadership and management development: The Indonesian
experience. In Knowledge Creation in Public Administrations (pp. 237-256). Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham.
Sparks, L., 2019. Tesco: how supply chain strategy supports retail success. The Business &
Management Collection.
Gourlay, S., 2018. Why do Employees Follow Leaders as opposed to Managers? An initial study
into Tesco Musselburgh (Doctoral dissertation).
Johnson, S., and et. al., 2018. Tesco Bank Wellbeing Case Study. In WELL-BEING (pp. 179-
188). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Dawson, S., Poquet, O., Colvin, C., Rogers, T., Pardo, A. and Gasevic, D., 2018, March.
Rethinking learning analytics adoption through complexity leadership theory.
In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Learning Analytics and
Knowledge (pp. 236-244).
Clarke, N., 2018. Relational leadership: Theory, practice and development. Routledge.
Wildavsky, A., 2018. A cultural theory of leadership. In Cultural Analysis (pp. 253-282).
Routledge.
Eacott, S. and Evers, C. eds., 2018. New directions in educational leadership theory. Routledge.
Peters, S.C., 2018. Defining social work leadership: A theoretical and conceptual review and
analysis. Journal of Social Work Practice, 32(1), pp.31-44.
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