UNIT 5 Management Accounting Report - Marks and Spencer

UNIT 5
MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P.1 Administration account and different kind of administration accountancy.....................3
P.2 Different method to use management accounting............................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
P.3 Calculate cost analyses and prepare income statement ...................................................7
M.2 Managing accounting techniques .................................................................................11
D.2 Produce financial report.................................................................................................11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
P.4 Advantage and disadvantage of planing tools for budgetary control.............................11
P.5 Adopt management accounting techniques....................................................................16
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Finance is the most crucial part in an organisation. The enclose report deal with,
management accounting is assistance to gain the level of execution and increase adaptivity in
work place. Administration accounting is help to interior department in system. In this way,
existing report is deal with Marks and Spencer (M&S) (P. Tucker and D. Lowe, 2014). This is
basically placed in United Kingdom and supply assorted kinds of work in retail sector. With this
respect report assist to focus on management accounting and function to used in work place. In
this report, focus is on budging control and allocation of budget at workplace.
TASK 1
To: General Manager
Marks and Spencer company
From: Management Accounting Officer
Subject: Writing a report to General Manager of Marks and Spencer company
Introduction:

In order to improve the internal efficiency of the organization, the management accounting
techniques and tools are required by it. The administration accounting will help Marks and
Spencer to flourish in its operations.
(P.1) Administration account and different kind of administration accountancy
Management accounting and managerial accounting is one of the most important part in
organisation . In this context, finance department is to be focal point on management accounting
and role in work place. In management accounting manger used to precondition accounting
information in work place. It is help at the time of judgement and help to future improvement in
organisation (Hall and et.al 2016). It is help to management kind making and increase
performance level. It focus on the devisor planing and performance management system in retail
sector.
Management accounting is help to provide expertise in financial reporting and control to
assists management in work place. It is a process of managing report and account that provide
accurate content on time. This type of information is to be required by manager to carry out day
to day operations at workplace. Management accounting is very important for external
stakeholder. In organisation is generated monthly financial report for external investor, with the
help of this report all external factor can examine system position in market (Soderstrom, K.M
and et.al 2017). In this report is been infused in cash, revenue, capital, assets and liability etc.
management accounting is help to internal or external factor to gain execution level and
maintained the growth rate in market. In such a way management accounting system is help to
addition internal as well as external factor. Management accounting system are as follows :-
 Cost accounting system:
In management accounting is most important to increase the performance level and help
external source. This cost accounting system is also called product costing system and costing
system. It helps in calculation cost for product for profitability analyses, inventory valuation and
cost control. All these factors are very important to analyse the final cost and outcome. With the
help of cost factor, organisation is focus on costly environment. In cost accounting system that
business enterprise cost individually form each process in work place (Soderstrom and et.al
2017). It is help to idea the cost flow and control the management in preparation. In cost

accounting is to be focus on job order cost accounting and procedure costing, cost allocation and
activeness based costing all are the liniments. All such costing is help to increase the execution
level and maintained growth rate in marketplace.
 Inventory management system:
In inventory management is represented business stock goods and material as much. In
administration term stock and inventory are to be used interchanged. With the help of inventory
management system is work with the help of two most crucial factors is incoming and outgoing.
The main goal of inventory is level automatically minimize in the case of inside and outside
situation. In inventory administration system is focus on create buy order, created sale order and
physical inventory count etc (Sudaryanti, and et.al 2015). with the help of improve inventory is
focus on improve company bottom line and company work flow is most important in such
condition. To mange it properly is the biggest challenge in organisation. Inventory management
techniques is focus on effectively monitoring the flow of product in retail shops and food store. It
is key drive of the process and increase the performance management in work force.
 Job costing system:
In job costing system is to be focus on accumulating information about the cost is been
used in production and service job. This information is very important to increase growth rate. In
this, cost information is submitted to customer under a contract at workplace (Sudaryanti, and
et.al 2015). In job costing system is need to focus on direct cost, direct marital cost, direct labour
cost and overhead cost. Some customer is only focus on certain types of cost in work place.
Costing system is help at the time of requirement of the system.
Every much kind of different types of direction accounting and assist to alteration the level of
carrying into action. Administration accounting is most crucial to indefinite quantity the plane of
execution and preserved the growing rate in activity. With the help of cost accounting is most
important to increase internal or external execution. In cost accounting is focus on estimation of
cost in work place and help to increase shareholder in market (Solovida, and et.al 2017). All
such types of social control accounting is help to provide direction in work place, so it is also
called direction accounting. Financial statement is most important factor to increase performance
level in industry and help all shareholder to estimate growth rate.

(P.2) Different method to use management accounting
In management accounting is help to increase the level of performance in market. In such
a way, different types of tool and techniques is help to proper analyse of accounting is work
place. Management accounting is a process of identify, analyses, managing financial information
so internal management can use it for future planing and decision making. Planing and budgeting
is most important factor in retail sector. In such a way, tool and techniques is to be used in
organisation are as follows :-
 Financial planing :
The main objective of business is any business structure is operation in profits. This
verifiable is achieved by fashioning proper or good fiscal preparation. Hence, financial
preparation is considered as best tool for achieving business objectives (Solovida, and et.al
2017). With the help of planing future decision is to be improved in work place. Planing is most
important factor because it is help to control future acclivity. In organisation financial planing is
help to mange internal resources and external resource in work place.
 Financial statement analyses :
In financial statement analyses is focus on profit and loss account and balance sheet.
This type of statement are perpetrated on different time period and help to management activity.
It is help to change the growth rate in management with the help of commercial enterprise
statement (Solovida, and et.al 2017). This is done with the help of comparative and common
size balance sheet. Financial statement is most important factor to increase performance level in
industry and help all shareholder to estimate growth rate.
 Fund flow analyse :
In fund flow analyses discovery out the happening of fund form one period to other in
work place. This type of analyse is most important, it is help to analyses fund is properly used or
not in a year as compare to previous year. In such a way the working capital is to be changed in
organisation and fund form operation is also most important factor (Kotas, and et.al , 2014). In
fund flow statemented is help to analyses cash inflow and cash out flow both factor. Fund flow is
basically measured in monthly or quarterly, on the basis of performance of assets. Fund flow
statement is focus on sources and application of fund investment in work place.
 Cash flow statement :

In cash flow statement is movement of cash form one period to other period in retail
sector. In cash slow statement is also focused on reasons of cash balance and changes between
two period. It is use cash form operation and movement of cash in work place (Alawattage, ,
Wickramasinghe, . and Uddin, 2017). This analyses begin with starting balance and generate
and ending balance after the completion of all the cash receipt and payment in work place. In
cash flow statement is focus on financial statement and other finance related activity. In cash
flow management is focus on operation, financing and investigation all three factor is the fewest
crucial to alteration the carrying out steady. Marginal costing :-
In marginal costing is focus on fixed the selling price, selection of the best sales mix and
best use of raw material and resources. It is help to take or buy decision and accept or reject the
bulk order. In this way, three most important factors are as fixed cost, variable cost and
contribution. In fixed cost is always fixed in production time (Alawattage, , Wickramasinghe, .
and Uddin, 2017). In this way, if there is no production fixed will be there and charged. In
variable cost is change as per the change in production level in work place. Budgetary control :-
In budgetary control is focus on the future financial need in organisation. To set a proper
budget in each and every department in work place. It is used to control the performance level in
finance and help to provide the best direction in work place. Budgetary control is most important
activity to increase the performance level. M&S group is focus on budget in work place and
proper budget is help at the time of future performance in market.
 Job costing report :-
In job costing method is to be focus on the varies types of direct expenses, labour cost,
warranty cost, quality control cost etc. all such kind of cost is most Important in job costing
method. Job cost accounting involves the accretion of the costs of material, labour, and
subsurface for a specific job. It is help to estimate the level of performance in market.
 Inventory management cost :-
In organisation is to be focus on some inventory management cost is help to manage
inventory in administration. Inventory carrying cost is the cost of owning inventory and is
generally expressed in percentage terms. It is help to focus on how much stock is left in working
place and manage this it in working environment.

 Segmental report method :
In this method is to be focus on the preponderating and presenting the financial report in
work place. It is help to fundamental segmentation of accounting polices in organisation. This
report is focus on sub area of company which activity that generate expenses and revenue in
work place.
 Performance report :
Performance management is most important activity in organisation and help to solve
any problem related to collecting and disseminate the project information in work place. It is
help to forecasting the future process in working environment.
 Operating budget report:
This method helps to create budget program in the business. With the help of this report,
manager could assess their financial position in effective manner and understand essential
requirements in it as well. Advantage of this method is that it assists to make focus on the targets
of the company. However, it reduces flexibility of the business environment. Main importance of
this method in the Marks and Spencer is to develop creative results to attain desired results.
 Product and service:
This method assists to identify actual cost and implement the plan in successful manner.
Therefore, aims and objectives will be accomplish to attain goals and outcomes. Main advantage
is that the chosen enterprise will able to attract people in the business with providing them
products and services as per their own management. However, the business need to implement
high amount to achieve creative position.
Such all method is most important and help to analyse the current market position and marketing
strategy in working environment. Performance report is help to analyses the current market and
organisation position in market.
Every such variety of tool and technique is help to change execution level. All such factor
is help to internal as well as external working environment. In such a way cash flow statement is
movement of cash form one period to other period in retail sector. In cash slow statement is also
focused on reasons of cash balance and changes between two period (Turner, and et.al 2017).
Financial statement is most important factor to increase performance level in industry and help
all shareholder to estimate growth rate.

TASK 2
P.3 Calculate cost analyses and prepare income statement
In such a way prepared income statement of marginal costing of Marks and Spencer
following information is to be used are as follows :-
Fixed production cost per unit:
= £1,800/600 = £3 P.U
Calculation of cost per unit of production
Marginal Absorption
Direct material 6 6
Direct labour 5 5
Variable overhead 2 2
Fixed production cost per unit 0 3
Cost of production per unit 13 16
Income statement of Marks and Spencer organisation with using marginal costing
£ £
Sales 500*35 17500
Cost of production 13(w2)*600 7800
Less: Closing stock 13*100 -1300
Variable cost of the sales 6500
Contribution 11000
Less variable sales overhead 1*500 500
10500
Less: Fixed cost production overhead 1800
Administration cost 800
Selling cost 400 3000

Profit 7500
Income statements of Marks and Spencer organisation using absorption costing
Income statement for Eastern Ltd as per absorption costing method
Particulars Details Details Amount
Sales revenue 1500*35 52500
Less: Cost of Goods sold
Direct Labour 2000*5 10000
Direct material 2000*8 16000
Variable production overheads 2000*2 4000
Fixed overhead costs 2000*5 10000
Less: Closing inventory
Direct Labour 500*5 2500
Direct material 500*8 4000
Variable production overheads 500*2 1000
Fixed overhead costs 500*5 2500 30000
22500
Less: Under-absorption on overheads 5000
Gross profit 17500
Less: Total production cost 17875
Net loss -375
Interpretation:
From the income statement attestation by strategies for the over recorded table that
reflect operational activities of the Putney Enterprise which is in this way among examination the
diverse costs and gets of Putney Enterprise. Absorption costing which can be interpreted that
company in loss at the end by covering all the cost of the entity which can be labour material etc.

but the firms closing inventory bring the cost around 10000 which can be included all the
variable and fixed cost involved in the organisation overall cost.
Table: 2 Income statement for absorption costing

Interpretation:
From the above income statement according to the absorption costing it can be easily
interpreted that Putney Enterprise save the overhead cost. Therefore, such strategies will be
advantageous for in having the abundance measure of net advantage. Of course, the including up
begin from offer of 600 units at 35 exchange esteem which get the profits of the affiliation
outline 2100 and after that there will be deduction of cost, outrageous stock and settled create
overheads which pass on everything portion for 11500. In such report is to be focus ion
difference between are as follows :-
Marginal costing Absorption costing
In marginal costing is focus on decision
making techniques for total cost of production.
Apportionment of total cost and the cost centre
is order to production.
In such a way variable cost is called as product
cost and fixed cost is considered in period cost.
In such case both fixed and variable cost in
production cost.
In this fixed and variable cost. Production and administration cost.
In such case profit is to be measured in profit
sharing ratio. (Alawattage, ,
Wickramasinghe, . and Uddin, 2017)
Due to influence of fixed cost, profit will be
affected.
In such case opening and closing stock is not
affected.
Opening and closing stock is affected by cost
per unit.
In this case attempt per unit. In such case net profit per unit.
In such case presented the out line total
contribution of each and every stock.
Presented in formulaic way.
Variances in the opening and closing stock
does not influence the cost per unit of output.
Variances in the opening and closing stock
affects the cost per unit.
Marginal cost refers to the move in the total
expenditure, owed to the manufacture of an
extra unit of production.
These business enterprise detriment include all
set as well as uncertain costs. It is the handed-
down method for cost find out, also known by

the name Full Absorption CostingExpenditure
There is all about the difference between the absorption and marginal cost. Both is most
all-important to indefinite quantity the plane of carrying into action and maintained the growth
rate. Marginal costing is also known as the variable costing. In variable costing change as per the
level of production in work place and show impact on profit for the change in out put. It is focus
on the total cost of production. In this way, it is to be focus on activity based, job costing and
process costing is most important element in absorption costing. In such a way total cost of
production. There is all about the difference between the absorption and marginal costing. The
difference in profit in most important part work now a day. Therefore, it can be specify type of
account that grouping in the report (Alawattage, , Wickramasinghe, . and Uddin, 2017). It is
major duty and responsibilities of the chosen business to considered right balance between their
results and performance. Hence, their profits and revenue will be increasing in systematic
manner. Profit and revenue is most important to increase performance level and maintained the
growth rate in market.
Cost analyse is most important factor and help to increase the performance level in
marketing. Cost analyses is help to manage strength and weakness in organisation and manage
internal performance level in work place.
From: Management Accounting officer
To: General manager (Marks and Spencer organisation)
Subject: Facilitating the use of administration accounting techniques in solving financial
problems
Sir,
The administration accounting proficiency are accommodating for organisation so that
financial difficulties may be resolute with much ease. The budgets such as cash, sales,
production, the establishment will have efficient use of origin and as such, costs will be
controlled. The functional act of the business will also be used to evaluate in the most
foraminiferous manner. It will also assistance in making better decisions by management.

M.2 Managing accounting techniques
Management account is most crucial to alteration the plane of carrying out and retained
the development rate in activity. It is assistance to proper financial planing, cash flow statement
and fund flow statement is most important factor. It is help to increase the level of performance
because cash flow is give impact on internal performance in market. To set a proper budget is
help to increase the performance level. In work place proper budgeting is most crucial nowadays.
Proper portion of in internal action is help to increase execution level (Maas, ., Schaltegger, and
Crutzen, 2016). Accounting techniques is help to mange internal as well as external performance
in work place. It is help to proper analogizing and summarised internal working condition.
D.2 Produce financial report
Financial report is most important to shareholder to increase the level of performance and
help to analyse organisation position in market. With the help of financial report is to be focus on
the internal performance in organisation. Financial report is vital part of corporate governance
and it is help to learn primary component in business (Maas, ., Schaltegger, and Crutzen, ,
2016). It is most important to increase shareholder in market. In this context, financial report is
show that the income statement and balance sheet both two factor is most important to increase
the performance level.
TASK 3
(P.4) Advantage and disadvantage of planing tools for budgetary control
In this way to development of effective function is help to increase the level of
performance use tools and techniques for future improvement in organisation. In such a way
company need to control the business environment and use different techniques for high revenue
in market. Such kind is techniques are as follows :-
 Capital budgeting techniques :
In these techniques is help to plane and tool for effective function and operation in
performance development. With the help of these techniques is to be focus on investment
decision in organisation (Luft, and et.al , 2016). It is help to increase the rate of return. In capital
budgeting techniques is help to net present value and accounting rate of return and internal rate
of return. In such way all such factor is help to increase the profitability rate in work place and
increase customer in market. It is help to investment for long term and increase the level of

effectiveness in market. With this regard, different elements create effective functioning through
implement payback period, NPV, post payback, IRR, etc.
Calculation of net present value :-
Calculation of internal rate of return :-

With the help of following investment is most important to indefinite quantity the
unwavering of effectivity in work place and prepare investment plan in work place. This is help
to increase the level of performance in market and increase growth rate in organisation.
Advantage :-
 It is help to organisation for investment option and help to best proscribe return in work
place.
 It is help to organisation for long tram investment plan and set the best strategies for
organisation.
 It is help to make investment decision and informed about the best investment decision in
work place.
 It is help to company competitive market and to choose investment wisely.
 It is help to choose appropriate method and techniques for future outcome and maintained
the level of performance in market. (Luft, and et.al ., 2016) It is help to equal to control of financial loss in work place.
Disadvantages :-
 In capital budgeting decision is to be complacent in long tram .
 It is take time to increase value of performance.
 It is costly method for small sector enterprise.
 It is give impact on long term durability in work place.
Budget :- It is most important to increase the performance level in market. It is most important
part for each and every organisation. To set a proper budget is help to increase the level of
performance. In organisation account is most important part in financial information to increase
level of performance (Luft, ., 2016). To set a proper budget is help to management accounting
and accounting system is systematic manner. In work place proper allocation of budget for each
and every department is help to increase level of performance in each and every department. In
such a way there are lot many budgets are as follows :-
 Cash budget :-

Production budget :-
Sales budget :-
Advantages :-
 It is help to control on your money used in organisation and increase the level of
performance ion market.
 It is help to keep focus on money goal in work place.

 It is help to proper allocation of resources and increase the performance level in market.
 It is assistance to indefinite quantity the level of carrying out in day to day business in
work place.
 It is help for performance evolution in work place and create budge t actual report on
employees' feedback in work place.
 It is help for planing orientation in organisation. To set a budget with the help of future
planning in business. It is help for cash allocation and help to provide cash available to invest fixed assets and
working capital.
Disadvantages :-
 It is take long time in work place and time involved is lower if they are well designs in
work place. It is focus on expense allocation in work place and decreased the performance level in
market.
Ratio analyses :
In this way ratio analyses is most important to increase the performance level in
organisation. With the help of ratio analyse is calculated the net profit and other things in
organisation. In finance department ratio is most important part in work place. It is help to proper
allocation of resources and increase the performance level in market. In work place proper
allocation of budget for each and every department is help to increase level of performance in
each and every department (Chiwamit, ., Modell, and Yang, 2014). All such filed ratio is most
important in work place. It is help for cash allocation and help to provide cash available to invest
fixed assets and working capital. It is help to choose appropriate method and techniques for
future outcome and maintained the level of performance in market.
Advantages :-
 It is a crucial element to development of future performance in work place.
 It is help to measure effectiveness and increase sale volume in market.
 With the help of ratio analyse is help to control production cost and improve profitability
in work place. It is help to effective decision making in management and help to improve internal
performance.

Disadvantages :-
 It will take long time in work place to increase performance level.
 It is costly method for small sector enterprise.
(P.5) Adopt management accounting techniques
In such a way organisation is to be focus on best accounting techniques which is useful
for future time period in system. Management accounting is help to mange internal performance
in work place. It is help to mange account and financial activity to increase performance in
market. In this context, finance department is to be focal point on management accounting and
role in work place (Chiwamit,., Modell, and Yang, 2014). In management accounting manger
used to precondition accounting information in work place. As per the case study organisation is
to be adopt management accounting to improve internal performance in finance department. In
the above accounting techniques is there are two techniques is most important for administration
are as follows :-
 Cost accounting :
In cost accounting is focus on recording, analogizing, summering and allocating varies
sources to focus on cost factor and maintained cost. In retail sector cost accounting is most
important to internal working environment. Cost accounting is aim to company cost and
production by input cost in work place. It is help to retail sector to maintained cost and proper
allocation of cost in internal department. M&S group is use cost accounting in work place to
improve internal performance in market. It is help to improvement in internal business objective
and evaluation alternative cost of action for control the cost and increase the level of
effectiveness in industry (Williams, and et.al ., 2014). It is help to increase performance and
advice management to achieve goal in work place. The main objective of cost accounting is
business financial reporting, it is help to provide financial information to use them in business
and improve working condition. It is help to make business and economic decision.
 Inventory management :
It is most important to internal business. In inventory management are also known as the
stock management in organisation. In such a way, stock management is most important for retail
sector. To mange internal old stock is big challenge in retail sector. It is help to mange internal
performance and increase the performance level. In management accounting techniques is focus
on inventory management in retail sector. To mange it properly is the biggest challenge in

organisation. Inventory management techniques is focus on effectively monitoring the flow of
product in retail shops and food store (Williams and et.al 2014). It is key drive of the process
and increase the performance management in work force. In such way it is focus on constant
flow of products in work place. It is help to increase profit and goodwill in market. Inventory
management is a process of effectively overseen the constant flow of unit into existing unit.
Management accounting is to be focus on some important factor and such kind of factor is help
to manage execution plane and indefinite quantity the level of carrying into action in market.
Some important factor in key performance indicator are as follows :-
 KPI:
It is also known as the key performance indicator that shows measurable value which
demonstrate effectively and accomplish key business objectives. In the business, KPI used at
multiple level to evaluate success at reaching targets. High level of the KPI consider focus on the
overall performance of the enterprise. On the other hand, low KPI means focus on the processes
in department such sales, marketing and call centre as well. For instance, creating value in
systematic perspective.
 Budgeting targeting :-
In work place price is the most important factor and sales is to be depend on price. To set
a target market is to be focus on the set budget and use cost to make or break sale in target
market. To set a target market is most important is part is to set a proper budget in working
environment. For example, implementing budget as per the business requirement. Therefore,
company able to set their new activities in systematic manner.
 Benchmarking :
It is a one business process and performance matrix to industry best and best practise
form other company. It is help at the time of selection, planing and delivery of project in work
place. It is also focused on measurement of quality of working condition, product, program and
strategies etc. it is help to manage internal and external working environment. It is help at the
time of any improvement in organisation and achieve high execution level in work place. In this
way, example will be considered to make sure that creative elements will be develop at
workplace.
 Financial governance :

In this context financial governance is set a proper rule and regulation issued by the
regulatory of authority and manage financial activity in organisation. It is help to financial
planing in work place, proper planing of finance is help to increase the growth rate in market and
increase the profit rate in market.
For example, administration can launch sales goals for which force can then order the proper
sum of money of stock list in work place.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report is focus on management accounting and there techniques is to be
used in accounting. In this context, management accounting is help to gain the level of execution
and increase adaptivity in work place. Administration accounting is help to interior department in
system. In this way, present report is based on Marks and Spencer (M&S). Form the above report
is focus on different method of management accounting or to analyses cost use proper method to
help and solve problem. In this report is focus on different types of cost method and ratio
analyses is help to estimate the proper ratio and maintained the profit rate. With the help of ratio
distribution of cost most important factor. Form the above report accounting techniques is most
crucial to solve difficulty in work place. It is help to increase the performance level in market. In
such a way To mange internal old stock is big challenge in retail sector. It is help to mange
internal performance and increase the performance level. In management accounting techniques
is focus on inventory management in retail sector in working place. As per the above report is
focus on budget controls and there advantage and disadvantage used in organisation. To set a
proper budget is help to increase level of performance in market.

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