Escherichia coli Resistance: Antibiotic Classes and Trends
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Added on 2023/04/21
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This report discusses the resistance of Escherichia coli to antibiotics, focusing on the classes of antibiotics and the trends observed. It highlights the need for critical assessment of factors affecting drug resistance in the management of E Coli.
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Escherichia coliresistance The resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents has emerged to be an important perspective in the medical arena, [1] .The usage of antibiotics has been greatly affected by anti-bio-resistance. Antibiotics are widely used in preventing and treating bacterial infections. Resistance to anti biotics occurs when there are changes in the use of medicines. The bacteria can cause damage and harm to humans and animals, making harder to treat compared to those treated with non-resistance bacteria. There is an urgent need on how antibiotics are prescribed globally, [2]. Antibiotic resistance is prevalent across the world, with new resistance mechanism spreading and causing dangerous threat on the ability to manage a common infectious disease. E Coli Escherichia coliis a bacterial agent is found in the human intetstine and gut of animals.. Most of the E Coli strains are beneficial and keep the digestive tract healthy, while some strains can be dangerous causing diarrhea if contaminated food is ingested. E coli have shown resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin. Nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin are however an empirical treatment for E Coli management,[3].Thus with the known sensitive antibiotics, this study is of interest in the sense that it assess conventional drugs such as aminopenicillin, lincosamides, and fluoroquinolones as compared to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resistance. Antibiotic classes There are various classes of antibiotics currently. Ciprofloxacin belongs to Fluoroquinolones class; tetracyclines belong to tetracycline’s class while ampicillin belongs to penicillin class.
Overview of antimicrobial resistance Ciprofloxacin resistance to E coli 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Escherichia coli resistance to Ciprofloxacin (%) Fluoroquinolones number of prescriptions (millions) Figure1E Coli resistance compared to anit biotic dosage offered Aminopenicilin prescription compared to its corresponding resistance to E Coli 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Evolution of Escherichia coli resistance to Ampicillin (%) aminopenicillins number of prescriptions (millions) Figure2Aminopeniclin prescription compared to its resistance to E coli
Macrolides prescription compared to its corresponding resistance 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Escherichia coli resistance to tetracycline (%) macrolides/lincosamides number of prescriptions (millions) Figure3Macrolides dosage to corresponding tetracycline Discussion From the figures above it is evident that there is an increase resistance of E Coli to known anti biotic treatment. In figure 1 above, there is a growing trend of resistance as observed. E coli resistance to ciprofloxacin as shown indicates that it has superseded its prescription and the resistance is on high trends. In figure 2, the resistance of E coli to ampicillin goes with the amount of dosage prescription offered. The increase in dosage administration leads to consequential increase in its resistance. As the dosage increases, so do its resistance increases. Similarly, in figure 3, tetracycline resistance is observed with an increased prescription of lincosamide antibiotic. Conclusion The current emergence of bacteria resistance globally is continuously indicating a significant challenge on the efficiency and effectiveness of antibiotics. The results above show similar trends as noted in other parts of the regions. This assessment of the three classes of antibiotics shows an increasing trend of bacteria resistance over a long duration of time. Hence there is a need for critical assessment on factors affecting drug resistance on the management ofE Coli.
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References 1.Cohen, R., Bingen, E., Grimprel, E., Raymond, J., & Gendrel, D. Résistance aux antibiotiques: un nouveau tournant à ne pas manquer.Archives de pédiatrie, 2011;4(18):359-361. 2.Kibret, M., & Abera, B. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli from clinical sources in northeast Ethiopia.African health sciences2011;11(3):40-45. 3.Michael, C. A., Dominey-Howes, D., & Labbate, M. The antimicrobial resistance crisis: causes, consequences, and management.Frontiers in public health2014;2:145.