Urban Tourism: Literature Review and Promotion of Singapore Zoo for Family Group Tourists

This paper explores the concept of urban tourism and its impact on cities and nations. It discusses the literature review, methodology, and results, with a focus on the promotion of Singapore Zoo for family group tourists. The paper also highlights the employment opportunities created by urban tourism and its impact on social and cultural relationships. The Singapore Zoo is an important attraction for tourists, and the government has implemented various strategies to attract more visitors.

Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 0
URBAN TOURISM
OCTOBER 15, 2019
STUDENT DETAILS:

RESEARCH PAPER 1
Contents
Introduction to urban tourism......................................................................................................................2
Literature Review........................................................................................................................................3
Urban tourism in Singapore.....................................................................................................................3
Employment opportunities due to tourism...............................................................................................5
Promotion of tourism to Singapore Zoo..................................................................................................6
Singapore for family group tourists.........................................................................................................7
Methodology...............................................................................................................................................8
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................9
Research Philosophy...............................................................................................................................9
Research Approach................................................................................................................................10
Research Design....................................................................................................................................11
Research strategy...................................................................................................................................11
Data collection method..........................................................................................................................12
Results and discussion...............................................................................................................................13
Conclusions...............................................................................................................................................14
References.................................................................................................................................................15

RESEARCH PAPER 2
Introduction to urban tourism
The concept of urban tourism becomes one of the key functions of the nations. The significance
of the concept of urban tourism is still increasing. The urban tourism is considered as the type of
tourism activity that takes place in the urban space with the intrinsic characteristics featured by
economy based on non-agricultural like production, industrialization and trading services. The
urban destination offers the comprehensive wide range of social, architectural, natural,
technological, communal experiences and products for a business. The urban tourism provides
the huge contribution in the development of cities and nation. The Singapore tourism has become
the new international phenomenon. It gives contribution to the expansion of societies in various
different ways. The noticeable impacts of tourism development not just involve the financial
elements however also establish the cultural aspects, environmental aspects as well as social
aspects of the lives. It is a tool of development for the cities in Singapore. The sustainable
development along with administration of tourism in the cities requires to be incorporated in the
wide urban agenda. Urban tourism locations rich in historic features often serve as a suitable
example of urban locations positioned to attract visitors to enjoy the historic and cultural
experiences on offer. This paper explores the concept of urban tourism with the impact on the
features as well as types of visitors to cities. This paper also puts focus on the cost as well as
benefit of urban tourism in relation to social, cultural, financial, as well as environmental
consideration. The following parts discuss the literature review, research methodology, results,
and consideration about the research concern. The results of this research can be helpful in
recognising the need of promotion to the Singapore Zoo and encourage the family group tourists.

RESEARCH PAPER 3
This paper aims at creating the awareness amongst organizations relating to local residents,
urban tourism, and government.
Literature Review
Urban tourism in Singapore
The people travel around the world with numerous objectives. They travel all over the world
because of various motives. The purpose can be business purpose and the education purpose. All
are covered in the broad category of the tourism. The technical development as well as
transformation of the world into an international community has resulted in the development of
tourism everywhere in the present world. The tourism has been main motive for the increased
level of intercultural contacts. A look into touristic countries states that the socio-cultural
structure has had great influence as the outcome of tourism. The changes can be negative or
positive. The changes can be differing from nation to nation. The changes result in reactions that
can range from confrontation to the complete implementation. The urban tourism describes the
different tourist activities wherever the city is place of interest. This form of tourism is
comparatively old as well as very difficult.
The urban tourism plays very significant part in the local economy of cities. It does not only
support the economy of cities. However, the urban tourism is accountable for the socio-culture
impact on individuals. The urban tourism creates various employment opportunities. It also puts
impact on social and cultural relationship amongst individuals from different places of a world.

RESEARCH PAPER 4
The travelling is a subject of interest for everyone. The urban tourism gives the opportunities to
discover new world. It provides a break from daily life. For certain individuals, the travelling is
business issue. However, for some people, the travelling is for vacation. It evolved the new
perception of tourism as the sector in the marketplace. In the past time, there was no contribution
of tourism towards the economy. However, now it has attained significance. The individuals
realize the prospective of the marketplace. In this way, the small and large cities were looked
with the modern perspective of encouraging tourism. The reestablishment in a city happens
deliberately and progressively. It becomes the part of tourism sector.
Further, the urban tourism is multicultural as per its nature. However, the tourism still has no or
less consideration for its meaning. The tourists want to discover the urban utilities of different
places. In Singapore, various cities get recognition for their huge potential of fascinating the
persons from different places of the world. However, the tourist places have less urban amenities
for entertaining them. The urban tourism accepts the completely different geographical patterns
from the cities for attracting the tourists. This geographical change is one of the main attention
taking elements. The tourism requires more investment to attract more visitors. It is significant to
create certain changes for the better marketing of city. In addition, the cultural impacts as well as
social aspects of tourism are the manners where the tourism is contributing to the changes in
value system, individual conduct, personal relations, collective lifestyle, security level, ethical
behaviour, innovative expression, traditional events, as well as community entities. Additionally,
the key advantage of the culture tourism is exchange of culture with other culture of the world. It
becomes a matter of pride for the local residents to exchange their culture with other people.
They feel great bonding with the originality. The local takes cultural tourism in the 2 positive
manners. Firstly, it provides the opportunity to host different cultures that further results in

RESEARCH PAPER 5
accepting others and develop in the level of acceptance. Secondly, the different tourist places
state different culture
Furthermore, this is significant to consider the different points to understand the economic
impacts of urban tourism. It includes flow of tourist in specific cities, local financial expansion
of the city, private and mixed economy, and income spent on tourist activities. The secondary
elements include the city that attracts the other people from the world. These elements play
significant part in understanding the financial impacts of urban tourism. Its positive side involves
the generation of earning for economy of city, additional opportunities for the jobs and business,
rationale balance between financial activities and city and increment of business options.
Employment opportunities due to tourism
The Tourism may provide more opportunities for the people in comparison of other sectors.
However, there is still some work to do. As the reformation always occur in a city, this is
obvious that the job is created. However, it is not easy to assess the impact of tourism on a city at
the profounder level and in a more depth manner. Firstly, this is very critical to assess the flow of
tourists, even while the meaning has been decided. Secondly, the flow of income through the
economy is very critical to trace. In addition, this is critical to measure the number of created
jobs. The impact of tourism is not so noticeable. It is a problem for those who campaign for
additional help as well as support. Next, the objective of tourism development is dispersed and
often interconnected with other objectives. It is critical to isolate the influences (Agyeiwaah and
Adongo, 2016).

RESEARCH PAPER 6
Promotion of tourism to Singapore Zoo
Various elements can be attributed to encourage the tourism in Singapore. The Singapore Zoo
plays an important role in attracting more tourists. The government of Singapore has important
role in helping, encouraging as well as enabling supportable tourism in Singapore Zoo. The place
is been selected as the best-suited location for the creation of the Zoo. This is the best location
for the procedure selected by the organizations. There are various promotional ideas like
organising wedding functions, events (outdoor and indoor). They also classified themselves in
organising the events as well as sources for the booked events. The location sets attractive view
as well as manner for different locations of attraction such as orchid garden to include the tourist
places. The major point discovers the area as a whole of tourist attraction. It determines itself
with a variety of attraction like night safari as well as gardens on way to Rainforest zoo (Heng,
2016). They also become the part of other organisations like wildlife conservation and zoo in the
nations. The animal riding, nursing time, camerawork on animals, and zoo shop has the
significant role in a pride of being exclusive amongst different attractions. In addition, the
charges of entry are effective at the time of consideration of shows as well as structures of the
Zoo. The cost is twenty dollars per adult and thirteen dollars for the children aged between six
and twelve. The government has certain plans for the disabled people such as free entry for DDR
cardholder (Rogerson and Rogerson, 2016).
Additionally, it is found that most of the tourists are fond of zoo. The tourists can be able to find
all the animals at one place in Singapore. The Singapore Zoo is considered as the organised
theme with programs as well as events. In the present time, Singapore Zoo has become the part
of wildlife security and management creating consciousness in social media. There are numerous

RESEARCH PAPER 7
opportunities in this area everywhere in the world. The government of Singapore has considered
strong interest in keeping animal at Singapore zoo. In fact, the government of Singapore makes
various approaches and strategies under different programs to attract the tourist towards zoo.
Singapore for family group tourists
The family represents the larger as well as developing market for the tourism sector. The family
tourism is very significant because it promotes the family togetherness. It also keeps the family
bond alive. It creates memory for life time. The prediction for upcoming period of family travel
is framed by the changes in social structure as well as demography. With international mobility,
the families are increasingly diffused and the new family marketplaces are rising. The family
tourism is expected to develop at the increasing rate in comparison of the other forms of tourism.
As the result of demographic modifications, the concept of the family unit may be in a question.
Singapore is has various places and things to attract the tourists in great number. This is
continually developing, reinventing, as well as reimagining itself, with the people who are
obsessive for generating new opportunities (Tarulevicz and Ooi, 2019).
Further, the family plays the significant part for the tourism sector regardless of the termination
of traditional family’s model. There is a myth of the decline of the family when in fact families
today are just differently connected than previously. The family may range from minimum of 2
(single parent with 1 kid) to multi‐generational families (any number of kids and youngsters) and
increasingly back off from traditional family’s size as well as gender orientation. The
government of Singapore and different organisations put focus on the impacts of holidays

RESEARCH PAPER 8
(Henderson, 2016). The holiday has significant part to strengthen the family relations and create
the family as well as social capital within the direct and extended families by overcoming
increasing mobility problems. The family travel is significant and popular form of tourism. The
reason is that in this type of tourism, the individuals would always take a trip to reconnect. There
are new family tourism markets emerging and traditional family markets are venturing further
and becoming more adventurous. Therefore, it can say that the tourism sector requires improving
to enhance diversity of the family marketplace in upcoming period (Lim and Bouchon, 2017).
In addition, the tourism sector also needs good understanding of the difficult purchasing
decisions as family is becoming self-governing. Also, the selection of vacation place as well as
holiday activities is discussed amongst all the members of family involving kids. It is required to
lead to more inventive and modern marketing campaign that involves the adult tourists at the
proper age, particularly as they are upcoming generation of tourist. In this way, the investment
into family group tourism will create the prospect of tourism (Henderson, 2017). In a case when
the tourism industry ends or lessens the inconvenience and conflict for family by making
effective planning, then the success would follow as family marketplace is financially substantial
and expected to develop in near future. Therefore, the government of Singapore puts more focus
on the family group tourism by developing various holiday packages as well as family activities
to make good memory. The future of family tourism depends on fulfilling the miscellaneous
requirements of kids and young people of different ages, from different cultural and racial
background and with different family structure.
Methodology

RESEARCH PAPER 9
Introduction
The introduction chapter provides the detailed understanding in relation to the methodologies as
well as technologies for conducting the research in the systematic way. This is also advantageous
for the researcher to render help to gather data from various participants as well as different
sources to attain the outcomes of research (Yin, 2016).
Research Philosophy
The research philosophy is helpful to develop the understanding regarding the research concern.
With the proper selection of research philosophy, the researcher can estimate as well as interpret
the data in the effective and proper manner. There are three types of research philosophies. These
three types are realism research philosophy, positivism philosophy and interpretivism
philosophy. The positivism philosophy describes the factual data according to the observation.
By using the positivism philosophy, the researcher will be able to get accurate data along with
correct facts. In addition, the realism philosophy is depended on the human beliefs that are
represented in different situations. In contradiction of this, the interpretivism philosophy helps
the researcher to get detailed information regarding the issue of research by collecting different
opinions of the members. In this research, the researcher will use the interpretivism philosophy
because it is helpful for the researcher to get valid conclusion in relation to the need of
promotion of Singapore Zoo and family tourism. Further, the realism and positivism
philosophies will not be used by the researcher because of fewer relevancies for this research
issue.

RESEARCH PAPER 10
Research Approach
The research approach refers to the plan or procedure that describes the broad rules to the collect
as well as analyse data. The decision of the selection of research approach is very important for
the researcher. The selection of research approach is so significant to validate the chosen
research design method. By the selection of better research approach, the researcher will be able
to describe the facts and data in a systematic manner. The knowledge of research approach is
essentially required notwithstanding the area of research. In addition, the research approach is
very significant to conduct the research for the reason that it describes the position for researcher.
It is important to select correct research approach to consider own beliefs, principles as well as
values in the study. The research approach incorporates the data at different level of evaluation.
It also states the visual image of a procedure in the research. The research approach also
develops the practice of quantitative research and qualitative research. In the methodology
section of this paper, it is essentially required to have knowledge of different research
approaches. There are two types of the research approaches. These research approaches include
inductive research approach and deductive research approach.
In addition, the researcher uses the deductive approach when he or she has used positivism
philosophy. When researcher has applied positivism approach, then only deductive research
approach will be useful. In contradiction of this, inductive approach is used in a case when the
researcher has followed interpretivism philosophy. The researcher uses the deductive approach to
develop the hypothesis about the research issue. For proving the hypothesis, the researcher uses
the deductive approach. However, in this research paper, the researcher will use inductive

RESEARCH PAPER 11
approach because of its relevancy in respect of interpretivism philosophy. The inductive
approach is useful because of its flexibility. As there is no any need of creating the hypothesis
about the problem of research, the researcher will not use deductive research approach.
Research Design
The researcher is also required to select correct research design. The research design includes the
descriptive, descriptive and exploratory design. The exploratory research design states the
primary research with the help of which the researcher fulfils research problem by creating
hypothesis. On the other hand, the descriptive design is very useful for the researcher. The reason
is that this research design helps the researcher to get detailed data in relation to the research
concern by describing occurrence. Further, the casual research design puts impact on the
relationship of causes as well as effects between the variables. For this research paper, the
researcher will use descriptive research design. The descriptive reserahc design is useful to know
the features of people as well as group of people. It is helpful for the researcher to gather views
along with ideas of members about research data as it is advantageous to get proper and valid
outcomes. Alternatively, the casual research develops the relationship between different
variables. The researcher will not use the casual research design (Naidu, 2017).
Research strategy
The research strategy refers to the systematic plan of actions. It renders the direction to the
efforts to enable the researcher for conducting research in the effective manner to get positive
outcomes (Ram and Hall, 2018). The research strategy is so significant factor because it allows
the researcher to evaluate the research problem by creating response to research question in
effective manner. There are various types of the research strategies. These research strategies

RESEARCH PAPER 12
include the observation, experiment, literature review, case study, survey through a
questionnaire, and focused group. In this research paper, the researcher uses literature review.
This research strategy is useful because of easy accessible of data. In addition, the application of
the strategy is helpful for the researcher to collect depth knowledge about the research issue. The
literature review enables the researcher to develop understanding about problem statement
(Onder, Wöber and Zekan, 2017).
Data collection method
The data collection is helpful to gather data in the systematic manner by using numerous sources
to get research aims and research objectives. The feasible data collecting procedures enable an
investigator to produce the data regarding research concern. This is very advantageous to reach
at the conclusion associated with research issue. There are two types of data collection method.
The primary data refers to the data that is collected first time by a researcher (hati and Pearce,
2017). The two types of data collection methods are primary data collection method and
secondary data collection method. To collect primary data, the researcher uses group discussion,
survey by the questionnaire, interview, case study and action research. Moreover, the secondary
data is data gathered from different examiner. The primary data can be collected from the focus
groups, surveys through a questionnaire as well as the interviews. For this research, the
researcher uses primary data collection method because it is very essential for pooling the
reliable as well as the valid facts in relation to the concern or issue of research. The secondary
data is published data that can be simply evaluated by researcher to get proper information.
There are numerous means by which the researcher can acquire information. These resources are
journal, website, governmental articles, reports, newspaper, book, and magazines.

RESEARCH PAPER 13
This research is depended on need of promotion of Singapore Zoo and family tourism. The
researcher will utilise secondary data collection methods. In this situation, the secondary data
collection sources are advantageous to establish the relation directly with the respondents to get
beliefs about the problem of research. With the help of this research, the researcher will be
capable to collect the data from distinct resources such as articles, books, journals, and website to
increase the validity of the results of the research. This method is also beneficial for the
researcher to gather the facts from government organisations in relation to need of promotion of
Singapore Zoo and family tourism. The secondary data collection method is good from the point
of view of budget. The secondary data collection method also saves the expenditures. The
researcher would be able to make out what is the shortcomings and drawbacks. The primary
data collection method is also useful in selecting that what additional data is required to be
gathered. In this way, secondary data collection method is useful and more significant.
Additionally, the secondary data collection method is faster. The primary data collection method
may be available while the secondary data cannot be useful for the researcher (Lysaght, et. al,
2018).
Results and discussion
Form the literature review; it is found by the researcher that as tourism is significant industry in
Singapore, there is great significance of urban tourism on the economy of nation. It provides
huge contribution to earn more from the tourists coming from different nations. The urban
tourism is also helpful to generate the employment opportunities in Singapore. From time to
time, the tourism industry of Singapore is becoming the financial contributor to a nation. It is
reviewed by the researcher that as per the report of government, there are more tourists who visit

RESEARCH PAPER 14
the nation in a year in comparison of the residents. In addition, the people who visit tourist sites
after getting the passes are also frequent. For this success, there is a lot the nation has done to
create the sustainable tourism. Additionally, the government of Singapore has various schemes to
be implemented. The government of Singapore is making efforts to enhance the tourism in
upcoming period. Singapore is working to develop more urban parks as well as Zoo (Su,
Bramwell and Whalley, 2018).
Additionally, the researcher has found that aside from the natural forest in the natural as well as
untouched habitat, Singapore is doing extra efforts to establish the urban parks along with
reservoirs. It can see that Marina Barrage is one of the best dams in Singapore. The researcher
has reviewed the statistics of the tourists coming to Singapore. The researcher has been found
that most of the tourists are keen to visit reservoir on very first day of coming to Singapore.
While it comes to urban parks, the Pasir Ris park renders the good examples of vast
sustainability in tourism conservation. The single people and group of people can visit these
parks with their families. The government of Singapore also makes efforts to encourage the
family group tourism. The people can walk in the park for the wander as they enjoy the many
types of birds as well as animals found there. In this way, it can say that there are different
factors that affect the tourism in Singapore. Singapore is great economic contributor. However,
the government of Singapore puts its focus on supporting, encouraging as well as enabling the
sustainable tourism in city (Friess, 2017).
Conclusions
As per the above analysis, it can be concluded that socio- cultural impact of the tourism may not
be ignored. The tourism has great contribution to the development and progress of the society.
The focus of development is always positive; however, the negative part is also predominant.

RESEARCH PAPER 15
The person is full of evils. Since tourism sector considers all the requirements, ideas,
expectations and desires of people. In this way, this is very critical to limit the adverse impacts.
More investment is required by the tourism sector to attract more visitors. Additionally, the
Singapore tourism is required to put focus on the development of the particular needs, tradition,
as well as sources with the socio-cultural influences in the sight. It will enable the urban cities to
have the balanced development to end the evils and attract the healthy tourists that contribute
mainly in the development of the city in positive scope of development
References
Agyeiwaah, E. and Adongo, R., 2016. Identifying core determinants of tourism demand in Hong
Kong inbound markets. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(1), pp.17-28
Bhati, A. and Pearce, P., 2017. Tourist attractions in Bangkok and Singapore; linking vandalism
and setting characteristics. Tourism management, 63, pp.15-30
Friess, D.A., 2017. Singapore as a long-term case study for tropical urban ecosystem
services. Urban ecosystems, 20(2), pp.277-291
Henderson, J., 2017. Global cities, Tokyo, urban tourism. International Journal of Tourism
Cities, 3(2), pp.143-157

RESEARCH PAPER 16
Henderson, J.C., 2016. Local and traditional or global and modern? Food and tourism in
Singapore. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 2(1), pp.55-68
Heng, Y.K., 2016. Managing global risks in the urban age: Singapore and the making of a
global city. New York: Routledge.
Lim, S.E.Y. and Bouchon, F., 2017. Blending in for a life less ordinary? Off the beaten track
tourism experiences in the global city. Geoforum, 86, pp.13-15
Lysaght, T., Capps, B., Bailey, M., Bickford, D., Coker, R., Lederman, Z., Watson, S. and
Tambyah, P.A., 2017. Justice is the missing link in one health: results of a mixed methods study
in an urban city state. PloS one, 12(1), p.e0170967.
Miller, D., Merrilees, B. and Coghlan, A., 2015. Sustainable urban tourism: understanding and
developing visitor pro-environmental behaviours. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(1), pp.26-
46.
Naidu, S., 2017. Exploring the dynamic effects of urbanization and real effective exchange rate
on tourism output of singapore. Tourism Analysis, 22(2), pp.185-200.
Önder, I., Wöber, K. and Zekan, B., 2017. Towards a sustainable urban tourism development in
Europe: the role of benchmarking and tourism management information systems–A partial
model of destination competitiveness. Tourism Economics, 23(2), pp.243-259
Ram, Y. and Hall, C.M., 2018. Walking tourism in cities: Introducing the special
issue. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 4(3), pp.281-284.
Rogerson, C.M. and Rogerson, J.M., 2016. Intra-urban spatial differentiation of tourism:
Evidence from Johannesburg, South Africa. Urbani izziv, 27(2), p.125

RESEARCH PAPER 17
Sin, T.M., Ang, H.P., Buurman, J., Lee, A.C., Leong, Y.L., Ooi, S.K., Steinberg, P. and Teo,
S.L.M., 2016. The urban marine environment of Singapore. Regional Studies in Marine
Science, 8, pp.331-339.
Su, R., Bramwell, B. and Whalley, P.A., 2018. Cultural political economy and urban heritage
tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 68, pp.30-40
Tarulevicz, N. and Ooi, C.S., 2019. Food safety and tourism in Singapore: between microbial
Russian roulette and Michelin stars. Tourism Geographies, pp.1-23.
Yin, S., 2016. Sustainable City Tourism in Developing Countries: Malaysia Experience. New
York: Routledge
Yuan, J., Deng, J., Pierskalla, C. and King, B., 2018. Urban tourism attributes and overall
satisfaction: An asymmetric impact-performance analysis. Urban Forestry & Urban
Greening, 30, pp.169-181.