Vehicle Systems & Technology

VEHICLE SYSTEMS & TECHNOLOGY
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Task 1
1-Tie rod end: Aid in pushing and pulling the front tires when the wheels turn
2-Screw plug: Prevent adjustments of idle jet when emission occurs
3-Pinion shaft: Transfer of input of driving shaft to other axle gears
4-Tie rod: Aid in pushing and pulling the front tires when the wheels turn
5-Ball nut: Changes rotational motion to linear motion (Ataei et al., 2017)
6-Steering gear housing: Changing steering wheel movement into front wheel movement
7-Rack: Transmission of the load of the body
(a) The system is a manual steering system. A manual steering system depends on the string
system in which steering is linked to a rod which rotates the wheels according to the direction of
rotation. This is terms as the rack and pinion steering where rack means rod and the pinion
defines gear (Omar, El-Kassaby and Abdelghaffar, 2017). A gear is linked to the steering rod
such that when the driver turns the steering wheel on; the gear is turned in a circular motion and
thus moves the steering rod that may be seen behind the clutch, accelerator pedal as well as brake
pedal.
(c) Electric power steering has gained popularity and become more common as time passes on,
an indication that a good number of the automotive engineers are tending to believed there are
more advantages in comparison with the hydraulic systems (Un-Noor et al., 2017). Among the
advantages include:
Minimal mechanical complexity alongside less weight resulting in fuel economy and efficiency

Energy efficiency as the power steering pump works as a parasitic device every time in which
the electric motor just requires energy when turning
Easier interface with self-driving smart brains
Capability of easily changing various levels of assistances depending on the modes of driving
A sensor is a device that is used in the detection of the changes that occurs in the physical,
electrical or even other quantities and hence generating an output as an acknowledgment of
variation in the quantity. A speed sensor is used in the detection of the speech of a vehicle or
object. There are different kinds of sensors in the detection of speed including wheel speed
sensors, ground speed radar, Doppler radar, LIDAR, speedometers, pedometer logs, pitot tubes,
and air speed indicators among others.
Variable reluctance speed sensors: These work by changing mechanical motion into electric
energy without going through direct contact when placed near a shaft, gear, rotor or any other
device that is regularly moving. The sensor is composed of a coil of wire wound about a
cylindrical magnetic material known as pole piece.
Hall Effect and eddy current sensors make use of Hall Effect traducer element that sis placed
between the tagged and the magnet. A Hall transducer is very sensitive to the magnetic flux and
does not detect changes in the rate.
Eddy current speed sensors: Eddy currents are closed loops that have induced current flowing in
planes that are perpendicular to the magnetic flux (Kumar, McCann, Naughton and Patel, 2016).
The direction of their travel is often parallel to the winding of the coil and the flow is restricted
to the region of the inducing magnetic field (Giovanardi et al., 2016).