Vehicular Communication Systems: Advantages and Challenges

Discover the advantages of vehicular communication systems in reducing traffic congestion and accidents. Learn about V2V communication, hybrid networks, and DSRC technology. Read research studies on vehicular communication from a physical layer perspective and for 5G cooperative small-cell networks.

Vehicular communication systems may be defined as the networks that are used by the
roadside units and vehicles for communication. The vehicular communication systems are
beneficial as they can help in reducing traffic congestion as well as accidents. The vehicular
communication systems help in providing traffic information and warnings. The deaths caused in
car crashes may be unavoidable. The main objective of vehicular communication systems is to
eliminate the cost of traffic collisions. Vehicle-to-vehicle or V2V is an automobile technology
that allows automobiles to talk to one another. The ad hoc networks that are formed by such
vehicular networks help in avoiding accidents and determining blind spots. The V2V
communication allows the vehicle in transit to send speed data and position over the network. It
is estimated that V2V communication is expected to be more effective than current original
equipment manufacturer for blind spot detection, lane departure and adaptive cruise control.
Vehicle-to-vehicle communication shall be the future. The vehicles shall be able to transmit
important information to the surrounding vehicles for improving the overall safety and efficiency
of the road system.
Wu, D., Zhang, Y., Bao, L., & Regan, A. (2013). Location-Based Crowdsourcing for Vehicular
Communication in Hybrid Networks. IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation
Systems, 14(2), 837-846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2243437
The authors and researchers Wu et al. (2013) address the vehicular communication issue in urban
hybrid networks. The paper proposes an online probabilistic localization algorithm using Hybrid
Routing in vehicular ad hoc networks. This article reviews theories and literature such as types of
communication in hybrid ad hoc vehicular networks (VANETs). The article provides strong
evidence for verifying the performance of hybrid routing. This article shall also act as a piece of
foundation for hybrid communication networks in urban environments. There is a need to

evaluate more crowd vehicles and the urban environment related factors. This technology shall
be beneficial for the society as there is a need of robust and seamless strategy for managing
urban vehicular ad hoc networks.
Kurmis, M., Voznak, M., Kucinskas, G., Drungilas, D., Lukosius, Z., Jakovlev, S., & Andziulis,
A. (2017). Development of Method for Service Support Management in Vehicular
Communication Networks. Advances In Electrical And Electronic Engineering, 15(4).
http://dx.doi.org/10.15598/aeee.v15i4.2388
According to Kurmis et al. (2017), the quality of wireless communication channel needs to be
analysed. The main strength of the article is that it applies various context and theory such as
context data utility, vehicle clusters formation and evaluation of channel quality. The literature
shows that there is channel congestion and it arises due to mass data dissemination techniques.
The results of the article indicate that decision tree algorithm is most effective in managing the
channels. Three separate context data management algorithms for cloud computing, locally
stored data and data stores in other nodes are proposed. The article indicates that the performance
of accumulated value changes with time based on certain parameters namely- number of rejected
packets, channel bandwidth and quality parameters.
Aliyu, A., Abdullah, A., Kaiwartya, O., Cao, Y., Lloret, J., Aslam, N., & Joda, U. (2018).
Towards video streaming in IoT Environments: Vehicular communication
perspective. Computer Communications, 118, 93-119.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2017.10.003
As opined by Aliyu et al. (2017), the vehicles of the current times have the capability of
supporting real time multimedia. The article highlights a comprehensive review on video

streaming in Internet of Things (IoT) environments. The paper focuses on the vehicular
communication perspective with respect to 5G enabled technologies. The authors stress upon the
significance of video streaming in vehicular IoT environment. The main strength is that critical
review is performed with a focus on major functional model. A few supporting technologies for
video streaming are automotive sensors, traffic data analysis, RFID aided positing technologies,
vehicle for surveillance communication, vehicle to green communication and multiple others. It
is argued that mobility is one of the significant challenges faced in video streaming over mobile
networks. Further, robust traffic video encoding, real time traffic video relaying and other
challenges are also experienced in video streaming. However, a few authors claim that SSIM
index has more accuracy for the evaluation of video streaming performance. The article has
strong evidence and references that make the information credible.
Sulaiman, A., Kasmir Raja, S., & Park, S. (2013). Improving scalability in vehicular
communication using one-way hash chain method. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(8), 2526-2540.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2013.05.017
According to Sulaiman, Raja and Park (2013), road traffic can be managed using Vehicle-to-
Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications. This article states the
advantages for bringing VANET into practice. The authors have found that the successful
deployment of vehicular communication depends upon two factors-privacy and security. The
author provides strong literature that gives an in-depth analysis about the management of road
traffic with advanced technology. The findings of the article suggest that a large number of
messages need to be verified within a short span of time for improving the system performance.
This article proposed a secure message authentication scheme for an infrastructure based

vehicular communication. Therefore, there is sufficient evidence for using one-way hash chain
method for public or private key pairs for the vehicles.
Lien-Wu Chen, Sharma, P., & Yu-Chee Tseng. (2013). Dynamic Traffic Control with Fairness
and Throughput Optimization Using Vehicular Communications. IEEE Journal On
Selected Areas In Communications, 31(9), 504-512.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513045
The living quality in modern cities is affected by traffic congestion. The vehicular pollution is
damaging the environment adversely. The traffic jams and idling vehicles emit greenhouse gases
such as nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. Through vehicular communication,
the traffic controller can collect information about the vehicles before they pass the intersection.
The authors have proposed a dynamic traffic control framework that maximizes intersections
through utilization of lane positions and turning intentions. Thus, vehicular communication shall
help in reducing the idling of vehicles and traffic jams. The technology shall allocate green signs
to the traffic flows with higher passing rates vehicles as well as lower passing rates. This strategy
shall ensure fairness on the roads between higher and lower passing rate vehicles. Therefore,
with less traffic jams and idling of vehicles, there shall be decrease in greenhouse gas emissions
(Lien-Wu Chen, Sharma & Yu-Chee Tseng, 2013).
Bronzi, W., Frank, R., Castignani, G., & Engel, T. (2016). Bluetooth Low Energy performance
and robustness analysis for Inter-Vehicular Communications. Ad Hoc Networks, 37, 76-
86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2015.08.007
Bronzi et al. (2016) argue that Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is gaining recognition and
importance in the recent times. One of the recent additions in the smartphones are

communication and sensor interfaces. This article evaluates the characteristics of wireless
channels and the ways in which BLE is affected by speed, distance and traffic conditions. The
data findings suggest that the maximum communication between two devices could exceed
100m with a capability of handling interferences and sudden signal losses. The main strength of
this article is that it states the advantages and limitations of BLE so that potential applications
can be proposed. BLE is considered a successful application as its availability, ultra low power
consumption and low latency. It is suggested that BLE can be used as multi-hop communications
between moving vehicles. BLE is a very reliable and quick solution for inter-vehicular
communication in cases of excess traffic.
Liu, S., Yang, F., Ding, W., & Song, J. (2016). Double Kill: Compressive-Sensing-Based
Narrow-Band Interference and Impulsive Noise Mitigation for Vehicular
Communications. IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology, 65(7), 5099-5109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.245906.
The aim of research study conducted by Liu, Yang, Ding & Song (2016) is to analyse the impact
of narrow-band interference (NBI) and impulsive noise (IN) on vehicular communications. It is
argued that vehicular communication requires high-speed data transmission due to the increased
number of vehicles. Moreover, other features such as vehicle-to-grid, vehicle-to-vehicle and
modern vehicular control also require high-speed data transmission. This article reviews CS-
based NBI and IN cancellation scheme for high-speed vehicular communication. It is found that
the proposed frame structure shall overcome the current vehicular communication barriers. The
CS-TFM-OFDM framework is introduced for solving the mitigation problems of NBI and IN.

Xinzhou Wu, Subramanian, S., Guha, R., White, R., Junyi Li, & Lu, K. et al. (2013). Vehicular
Communications Using DSRC: Challenges, Enhancements, and Evolution. IEEE Journal
On Selected Areas In Communications, 31(9), 399-408.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513036
According to Xinzhou Wu et al. (2013), Dedicated Short-range Communications (DSRC) is
another technique to support vehicular communications. This technology has been designed in a
manner that can be deployed in production vehicles. The article discusses the challenges for
DSRC such as channel estimation, convolution code decoding, channel congestion and adjacent
band leakage. It is argued that obstacles such as tunnels, buildings, surrounded bigger vehicles
can degrade the radio performance. The DSRC technology has been proven very effective in
vehicular safety applications. The congestion levels are constantly tested by vendors and
automakers. Therefore, the DSRC technology is considered to enhance safety in the Vehicle-to-
infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle applications while reducing crashes at the same time.
Ge, X., Cheng, H., Mao, G., Yang, Y., & Tu, S. (2016). Vehicular communications for 5G
cooperative small-cell networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(10),
7882-7894.
The authors Ge et al. (2016) argue that cooperative transmission is an effective approach for
improving wireless transmission capacity in the 5th-generation (5G) small cell networks. In the
futuristic 5G networks, the smaller cells are expected to provide a high transmission rates for
users. Due to high vehicular speed, the wireless networks are under the risk of recurring links
and become highly dynamic. Also, there are problems such as coverage issues and frequent
handoff in the 5G small-cell networks. The small cell 5G networks are expected to overcome

these issues and act as a promising solution in the vehicular communications. The article
analyses the vehicular mobility performance based on the distance between vehicle and small-
cells.
Sommer, C., Joerer, S., Segata, M., Tonguz, O., Cigno, R., & Dressler, F. (2015). How
Shadowing Hurts Vehicular Communications and How Dynamic Beaconing Can
Help. IEEE Transactions On Mobile Computing, 14(7), 1411-1421.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2014.2362752
In the research study conducted by Sommer et al. (2015), Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is
becoming one of the significant fields in the networking community. The inter-vehicular
communication can be categorized as efficiency applications, safety critical applications and
entertainment applications. The authors argue that radio signals obstruct vehicular
communications. However, the article identifies opportunities such as less channel load which
can be taken advantage of. Dynamic beaconing shall help in reacting aggressively to the
dynamics in the network. Transmit rate control as adopted by the ETSI performs better and paves
for dynamic beaconing solutions.
Liang, L., Peng, H., Li, G.Y. and Shen, X., 2017. Vehicular communications: A physical layer
perspective. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(12), pp.10647-10659.
There is rapid development and advancement across the wireless technologies and mobile data
traffic. Vehicular communications have gathered quite an attention for ensuring road safety and
improving traffic efficiency. The article provides a comprehensive overview of vehicular
communication from the physical layer perspective. It is argued that an increase in terminal

mobility such as high reliability, ultra low latency and service heterogeneity shall be inefficient
(Liang, Peng, Li & Shen, 2017).
Tal, I., Ciubotaru, B. and Muntean, G.M., 2016. Vehicular-Communications-Based Speed
Advisory System for Electric Bicycles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, 65(6), pp.4129-4143.
According to Tal, Ciubotaru, and Muntean (2016), smart transportation is the necessity in the
current area. Electric bicycles are the most popular electric vehicle that offers several advantages
in comparison with traditional bicycles. This article reviews the literature related to eco-driving,
eco-routing and simulation model validation. The authors propose SAECy which recommends
strategic riding at appropriate speed. The results suggest that the proposed speed advisory system
shall help in saving energy. The future study shall involve micro-simulation models for the
cyclists. Smart transportation is one of the most sustainable forms of transportation.
Viriyasitavat, W., Boban, M., Tsai, H.M. and Vasilakos, A., 2015. Vehicular communications:
Survey and challenges of channel and propagation models. IEEE Vehicular Technology
Magazine, 10(2), pp.55-66.
The article suggests that the characteristics of vehicular communication suggest a dynamic
environment and high mobility help in evaluation protocols and applications. This article
classifies the models based on the propagation mechanism implementation approach. It is argued
that the models include modelling specific environment. The article is supported by strong
references. The authors are scientists and lecturers at reputed institutions that make the
information reliable (Viriyasitavat, Boban, Hsin-Mu Tsai & Vasilakos, 2015).

It may be concluded that vehicular communication- the latest advanced technology shall
be beneficial in managing traffic congestion and reducing road accidents. It is estimated that
V2V communication is expected to be more effective than current original equipment
manufacturer for blind spot detection, lane departure and adaptive cruise control. There is a need
to evaluate more crowd vehicles and the urban environment related factors. Three separate
context data management algorithms for cloud computing, locally stored data and data stores in
other nodes are proposed. A few supporting technologies for video streaming are automotive
sensors, traffic data analysis, RFID aided positing technologies, vehicle for surveillance
communication, vehicle to green communication and multiple others. The authors have found
that the successful deployment of vehicular communication depends upon two factors-privacy
and security. This strategy shall ensure fairness on the roads between higher and lower passing
rate vehicles. The main strength of this article is that it states the advantages and limitations of
BLE so that potential applications can be proposed. It is argued that vehicular communication
requires high-speed data transmission due to the increased number of vehicles. The congestion
levels are constantly tested by vendors and automakers. It is argued that obstacles such as
tunnels, buildings, surrounded bigger vehicles can degrade the radio performance. Due to high
vehicular speed, the wireless networks are under the risk of recurring links and become highly
dynamic. The inter-vehicular communication can be categorized as efficiency applications,
safety critical applications and entertainment applications. Electric bicycles are the most popular
electric vehicle that offers several advantages in comparison with traditional bicycles. It is
argued that the models include modelling specific environment. The small cell 5G networks are
expected to overcome these issues and act as a promising solution in the vehicular
communications.

References
Aliyu, A., Abdullah, A., Kaiwartya, O., Cao, Y., Lloret, J., Aslam, N., & Joda, U. (2018).
Towards video streaming in IoT Environments: Vehicular communication
perspective. Computer Communications, 118, 93-119.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2017.10.003
Bronzi, W., Frank, R., Castignani, G., & Engel, T. (2016). Bluetooth Low Energy performance
and robustness analysis for Inter-Vehicular Communications. Ad Hoc Networks, 37, 76-
86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2015.08.007
Ge, X., Cheng, H., Mao, G., Yang, Y., & Tu, S. (2016). Vehicular communications for 5G
cooperative small-cell networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(10),
7882-7894.
Kurmis, M., Voznak, M., Kucinskas, G., Drungilas, D., Lukosius, Z., Jakovlev, S., & Andziulis,
A. (2017). Development of Method for Service Support Management in Vehicular
Communication Networks. Advances In Electrical And Electronic Engineering, 15(4).
http://dx.doi.org/10.15598/aeee.v15i4.2388
Liang, L., Peng, H., Li, G.Y. and Shen, X., 2017. Vehicular communications: A physical layer
perspective. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 66(12), pp.10647-10659.
Lien-Wu Chen, Sharma, P., & Yu-Chee Tseng. (2013). Dynamic Traffic Control with Fairness
and Throughput Optimization Using Vehicular Communications. IEEE Journal On
Selected Areas In Communications, 31(9), 504-512.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513045

Liu, S., Yang, F., Ding, W., & Song, J. (2016). Double Kill: Compressive-Sensing-Based
Narrow-Band Interference and Impulsive Noise Mitigation for Vehicular
Communications. IEEE Transactions On Vehicular Technology, 65(7), 5099-5109.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2015.2459060
Sommer, C., Joerer, S., Segata, M., Tonguz, O., Cigno, R., & Dressler, F. (2015). How
Shadowing Hurts Vehicular Communications and How Dynamic Beaconing Can
Help. IEEE Transactions On Mobile Computing, 14(7), 1411-1421.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2014.2362752
Sulaiman, A., Kasmir Raja, S., & Park, S. (2013). Improving scalability in vehicular
communication using one-way hash chain method. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(8), 2526-2540.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2013.05.017
Tal, I., Ciubotaru, B. and Muntean, G.M., 2016. Vehicular-Communications-Based Speed
Advisory System for Electric Bicycles. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
Technology, 65(6), pp.4129-4143.
Viriyasitavat, W., Boban, M., Tsai, H.M. and Vasilakos, A., 2015. Vehicular communications:
Survey and challenges of channel and propagation models. IEEE Vehicular Technology
Magazine, 10(2), pp.55-66.
Wu, D., Zhang, Y., Bao, L., & Regan, A. (2013). Location-Based Crowdsourcing for Vehicular
Communication in Hybrid Networks. IEEE Transactions On Intelligent Transportation
Systems, 14(2), 837-846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2013.2243437

Xinzhou Wu, Subramanian, S., Guha, R., White, R., Junyi Li, & Lu, K. et al. (2013). Vehicular
Communications Using DSRC: Challenges, Enhancements, and Evolution. IEEE Journal
On Selected Areas In Communications, 31(9), 399-408.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.sup.0513036