WAR, PEACE AND TERRORISM1
Part 1: Case Study
Case Study: World War II
Individual Level Causes
 Germany attacks and invades Poland on 1st September, 1939.
 In turn, Britain and France declares war on Germany on 3rd September,
1939.
 Aggression in Europe was driven by Hitler’s need to expand German
hegemony in Europe.
 It was also motivated by Hitler’s desire to carve out
lebensraum, that is,
living space.
 In response, the European powers wished to retain the post-World War I
status-quo.
Societal Level Causes
 In Germany, social unrest caused the rise of the Nazi Party into power in
1933.
 The Nazis, and Hitler as its leader, promised to restore Germany’s lost
greatness.
 The Nazis carried out a militarization of German society, expanding the
size of the Army.
 They also started to propagate their racial purity and anti-Semitism
among the populace.
 All of this allowed the Nazis to attain internal stability in order to
proceed with their war plan.
International Level Causes
 The Great Depression and its aftermath caused the rise and growth of
fascist movements in Germany and Italy.
 The increasing ineffectiveness of the League of Nations emboldens the
three Axis powers, where Italy invades Ethiopia in 1936 and Japan
attacks China in 1937.
 Britain and France allow Germany to re-arm and conquer various
territories, following the policy of appeasement.
 As a consequence of the appeasement policy, Hitler continues to
conquer more and more territory.
 By this time, the League of Nations ceases to carry out its functions,
letting war to emerge again.
Part 2: Causes of the Syrian Civil War

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