Waste Water Treatment: Types, Traditional Methods and Process

16SCVE411 | 151CVE411 | ENTG13002 Technology Project Planning
Bi-weekly Report
Report #/Date: Report 3 / Nov 8th, 2018
Supervisor Name: Eng. Marwa Waly
Project Title: Using Constructed Wetland for Waste Water Treatment
3.0 Waste Water Treatment
3.1 What is Waste Water Treatment (Mohammad)
Fig: 1 SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS
Source: North engineering solution
Water pollution can be defined as the contamination of water bodies such as oceans,
sea, lakes, river, groundwater and aquifers mostly caused by human beings (Pal et al. 2014).
Waste water treatment is a procedure of converting waste water into water that can be used
again. Waste water can be formed through various activities such as bathing, washing or even
using toilet (Von Sperling and de Lemos Chernicharo 2017). While the waste water contents
various contaminants including chemicals, bacteria and other toxic particles. The treatment of
waste water aims to produce water from the waste water that will have reduced contaminant to
the extent when it can scientifically be called safe. Waste water treatment is also known as
sewage treatment (Loos et al 2013). It is removal of impurities from sewage or waste water
before the waste water reaches the natural water bodies. The water bodies content water that is
naturally found in the lakes and rivers. Any polluted water in the aquifer will disturb the natural
balance of the components present in the water. Since there is less pure water available, the
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difference between the uncontaminated water and contaminated water highly relies on the form
and concentration of impurities that are found in the water. Considering the broader meaning,
water is said to be polluted when it contains adequate impurities in order to make the water
unsuitable for drinking, fishing as well as swimming. Even though quality of water is said to be
impacted by natural conditions, the word pollution usually implies the human activity as the main
cause of water pollution. Hence, the prime cause of water pollution is caused by the drainage of
contaminated wastewater into groundwater or the surface of water. Wastewater is one of the
main causes of water pollution. Fig: 1 illustrates the process through which sewage treatment, a
process of water treatment takes place.
Reflections: Waste water treatment is a procedure of converting waste water into water that can be used again. This is an important
process that is highly needed in our environment. This process should be understood by every citizen in order to understand that it is a
lengthy and expensive process. This will make the citizens value fresh water and avoid wasting it.

16SCVE411 | 151CVE411 | ENTG13002 Technology Project Planning
Bi-weekly Report
3.2 Types of Waste Water Treatment (Aws)
Waste water is any kind of water that is impacted by human use. Any form of used water
that is in combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, storm water,
or any sewer water is under the category of wastewater (Campbell and Corley 2015). This
wastewater is unsafe for drinking purpose however they can be used by human in many ways.
The water changes the chemical properties and changes their nature by making them
unsuitable for human, plant and animals. Every particle that can be either organic or inorganic
determines the quality of water, chemical and biological. This particle includes microbes,
viruses, bacteria, fungi and many more (Rezania et al. 2015). However, the wastewater can be
treated before they are released into the water bodies. There are several ways the water
treatment is performed.
There are treatment plants for wastewater, chemical or physical and biological. The
biological waste treatment plants utilize biological matters as well as bacteria that help in
breaking down the waste materials. Hence, biological treatment systems are ideal when
household waste water needs to be treated The water contents are compared with the
standards set against what is indeed achieved through treatment of water scientifically
(Stringfellow et al. 2014)..
The procedure of cleaning the waste water is to expel the pollutants from the household and
water sewages. The three subdivisions can be created when the waste wastewater treatment
strategies are arranged. The three kinds of wastewater treatment process are as follows.
3.2.1 Effluent treatment plants
These plants are mostly used by the large industrial organizations and the
pharmaceutical. These plants are engaged more synthetically. The organizations that
use these plants are mostly prone to chemical spill over, therefore, effluent treatment
plants are used for they are likely to cleanse water to help ensure the environment.
These facilities use evaporation and various other drying techniques as well as
additionally microscopic filtration so the chemical processing is spurred (Rizzo et al.
2013).
3.2.2 Sewage treatment plants
Sewage treatment plants: the sewage treatment is known as the process in
which contaminants from family unit sewage and wastewater are expelled on large
scale. Through incorporation of physical, biological and chemical methods chemical,
physical and biological contaminants are evacuated. To create a waste stream is the
main goal of this process. It also includes treatment of profluent and a solid waste to
make it safe for reuse as well as release into the environment. The first method, pre-
treatment evacuates materials that are collected from the raw wastewater for the
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prevention of damage or any clogging up of pumps as well as pipes. The influent
sewage water is checked and filtered to expel each substantial object that is carried in
the sewage stream. Today plans that are serving extensive populaces are most likely to
be done with an automated mechanically rounded bar screen. For the smaller or plants
that are less modern manual cleaning is utilized. The solids which get collected are
arranged later in a landfill and burned. Grit evacuation might be incorporated in the pre-
treatment that involves a sand or coarseness channel or chamber. In these, the speed of
the approaching wastewater is made to permit sand, stones, and grit in order to settle
(Michael et al. 2013).
3.2.3 Common and combined effluent treatment plants
Small-scale industries usually lack sufficient energy, space or funds to set up any
treatment framework by themselves. Therefore, they are highly depended on a
consolidated networking system arrangement of plants for the purpose of wiping out
wastewater (Bharagava and Mishra 2018.). In order to combat the reach of these
organization’s belongings, in industrial centers who releases high amount of
contamination the combined effluent treatment is frequently used. The septic tank of
house is not only the basic tool for cleaning home but also for keeping the environment
clean (Luo et al. 2014).
Reflections: There are various types of waste water. The process of treating water depends on the size of the responsible administration. It
is important to understand various ways of treating wastewater.by understanding the process, it will help in determining the right
approach while selecting the plants for own area.