Assignment on Water Pollution PDF

Water Pollution: What are the causes and effects of water pollution?
By Muhammad Amir bin Aziz
Introduction
Water pollution can be known as a chemical released into bodies of water, making them
unsafe for human consumption and harming aquatic ecosystems. Toxic waste, petroleum,
and disease-causing bacteria are just a few examples of contaminants that can pollute
water. It also can be dangerous for every human being in the world. It also involves the
lakes, rivers that are full of toxins and chemicals that will cause water pollution. The water
quality also will suffer from the consequences that happen. Water pollution also happens
when the factories that run the chemicals or other things, they dispose of the waste through
the rivers, lakes and oceans that are near the factory. There are also many factors that
cause water pollution. It is very important to take good care on how to dispose of the waste
of chemicals or organisms without getting it polluted. It not only affects the human being and
animals but also it will make the water become poisonous, unusable for drinking, swimming
and other activities. This also because of human activities that did not pay attention to how
important it is to take care of our water resources. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), polluted water is watering whose composition has been transformed to
the point where it is no longer usable. To put it another way, it is poisonous water that cannot
be consumed or utilised for critical purposes like agriculture, and that causes diseases like
diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and poliomyelitis, which kill more than 500,000
people each year (Iberdola, 2021)
Water Pollution
Water pollution can be defined as when dangerous substances, most commonly
chemicals enter a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body of water, decreasing
water quality and making it poisonous to humans or the environment. Sources of water
pollution can be collected in a variety of sources. Water pollution is often made by humans
themselves by dumping things that should be well managed by taking the easy way out by
directly dumping them into the water. Water quality will be reduced and cause ecosystem
chaos in the water that occurs after dumping prohibited substances into the water without
going through the process of waste disposal that needs to be done. It provides an answer to
how water pollution occurs with irresponsible activities by parties that do not manage toxic
waste properly such as factories that produce toxic waste that is dangerous to water these
sources permeate and affect groundwater pollution. Pollutants that lead to water pollution

include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical changes such as high
temperatures. When a factory does not manage toxic waste properly, it will cause the toxic
waste to be channelled in the wrong place which causes water pollution. The toxic
compounds from farms, cities, and factories easily dissolve and combine with it, polluting the
water.
Causes and effects
There are many causes of water pollution, unsurprisingly, human activity is the main
factor for water pollution, even if it is a natural phenomenon (Impulse, 2021). For instance, it
involves landslides and floods which can be causes that contribute to degrade the water
quality. Sewage and wastewater are among causes for water pollution, inadequate sewage
collection and treatment are sources of causing water pollution. More than 80% of the
worldwide wastewater goes back in the environment without being treated or reused (United
Nation, 2021). Besides, urbanization and deforestation are the indirect causes for water
pollution such as cutting down trees and concreting over large areas generates an
acceleration of flows which does not give enough time for water to invade and be purified by
the ground (Impulse, 2021). Moreover, agriculture also contributes to water pollution due to
the use of chemicals. For instance, fertilizers, pesticides and so on (Impulse, 2021). Last but
not least, marine dumping, radioactive waste and industries are among the causes for water
pollution. As for the industries, it produces a lot of waste that consist of toxic chemicals and
pollutants in fact, contribute to water pollution (Impulse, 2021).
The effects of water pollution, firstly, can be seen on the environment. It damages
biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems. It increases the amount of minerals known as
eutrophication and changes the color of water due to toxic chemicals (Impulse, 2021). It
gives a bad impact on life in water that causes serious hazards to water organisms. It is very
crucial as it will affect the international relation on finding the best way to protect the
environment (Impulse, 2021) It is the government's responsibility to establish a strong policy
to protect the environment as well as the society. In terms of human health, water pollution
can cause a lot of diseases resulting from drinking contaminated water, such as diarrhoea,
cholera, typhoid and so on (Impulse, 2021).
How actors deal with water pollution
The problem of water pollution is worsening by the day, and it is now a global concern. This
is due to people's ignorance of the subject of unexpected pollution, and climate change. The
demand for water has grown year after year, while water supplies are depleting, leaving

millions of people without access to clean and safe drinking water. This has caught the
interest of huge multinational organisations, who have initiated projects to address this
worldwide issue. This is a wise step taken to reduce the risk of other problems such as the
presence of diseases and epidemics
1. United Nation
The United Nation has long been concerned about the worldwide issue created
by a lack of water supplies to fulfil the world's fundamental human requirements. They
are looking for ways to address the rising need for clean water supplies throughout the
world to meet people's everyday demands. UN-Water was formed by the United Nations
to coordinate the operations of UN agencies and international organisations working on
water and sanitation concerns. They have enlisted the help of more than 30 UN agencies
to manage water and sanitation initiatives in underserved areas. The role of UN-Water is
to organise so that the UN family responds to water-related concerns as one (United
Nation,2021). The major goal of United Nations Members and Partners is to provide
long-term assistance to UN Member States in water management and sanitation
activities in water-stressed areas. They deal with this issue in three ways: inform policy,
monitor, and report, and inspire action. Members and partners of UN-Water have
contributed to the inclusion of water and sanitation in key agreements such as the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development, which states that Sustainable Development Goal
6 (SDG 6). SDG 6 will "ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and
sanitation for all"(United Nation,2021). This implies that it will address water and
sanitation concerns from a variety of perspectives and will be thoroughly handled.
2. The World Water Council
The World Water Council is a multi-stakeholder worldwide body whose mission is
to organise action on important water issues at all levels, including the highest. Marseille
is the headquarters of this organisation, which was founded in 1996. English and French
are the official working languages. Over 300 member organisations from over 50
countries make up the organisation, which includes governments, non-governmental
organisations, companies, professional networks, and research institutes. Many people
are involved in highly challenging traditional arguments and thinking because of the
organization's efforts. The council is particularly concerned with the political aspects of
water security, flexibility, and sustainability. The Council seeks to develop a strategic
vision in areas of worldwide water resources management and water services systems
among all stakeholders in the water community by providing a platform or forum for