Wireless Communication Antenna Analysis

The assignment content discusses wireless communication and its various aspects, including antennas, their design, and usage. Two journal papers were studied in-depth: 'LOW COST MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS' and 'Drone-based Antenna Array for Service Time Minimization in Wireless Networks.' The first paper focuses on E-shaped single-band antenna arrays designed for high-speed wireless communication, while the second paper discusses the use of drones as aerial antennas to minimize service time. The methodology used in the papers includes perturbation techniques to optimize drone spacing and feeding networks for microstrip antennae. The results show that both designs have advantages and disadvantages, with microstrip E-band antennae offering low-cost high-speed communication, while drone-based antennae provide high-rate wireless services.

Wireless Communication
Research study

TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Introduction to the papers
3. Methodologies used in papers
4. Comparison of results
5. Advantages and Disadvantages
6. Conclusion
7. References

1. Introduction
Antenna is the communications device that converts electric energy into radio waves. It is
basically used to send and receive electromagnetic waves. The part which sends the
waves is called transmitter and which receives the waves is called receiver. A typical
pictorial representation of an antenna is given below:
To study in depth about this device, 2 journal papers have been selected and will be
viewed for better understanding.
2. Introduction of the two papers:
The two papers selected are
“LOW COST MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY FOR WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS” and “Drone-based Antenna Array for Service Time
Minimization in Wireless Networks”
These two papers include the in depth discussion on the communication device antenna.
The first paper talks about the E shaped single band antenna array that has been designed
with an aim to provide high speed during wireless communication. It has talked about
microstrip antennae and discussed its various useful attributes that contributes in high
speed of network.
The second paper talks about the design and usage of aerial antennae in the form drones.
It aims at reducing the time to deliver the services to the users. Drones are in great
demand in many fields such as communication, research, rescue and emergency. Its main
motive is to deliver the services to the ground users in minimum amount of time.
3. Methodologies used in the papers

When we talk about the Drone antennae, perturbation technique is used. This determines
the drone spacing problem according to different locations. It helps in optimizing the
problem and hence making this wireless communication even better. It solves the
problem by resolving the no. of perturbed problems. As per the specified spacing of the
drones, locations are optimally adjusted according to wherever the ground user is present.
Next when we talk about micro strip antenna, it contains some fantastic attributes that
aids in high speed at low cost. These attributes include tiny size of the antenna, low cost
of fabrication, easily installed and understood and it is light-weight. The distribution of
voltages among the elements of an array depends on feeding network. Suitable feeding
network accumulates all of the induced voltages to feed into one point.
4. Comparison of results
For micro strip E-band antenna:
This shows the geometry of E shaped antenna, it is measuring the beam that is being
emitted by the antenna.
For Drone antenna:

This shows that with deploying more number of drone antennas, service tie for each
service for ground user has been minimized to a great extent.
5. Advantages and disadvantages
Drones have their own advantages and disadvantages. Drones are widely used in rescue
and research fields and it has helped a lot in the real time scenarios. It has high rate of
providing wireless communication services to the ground users in the possible minimized
time but if it gets failed, it becomes uncontrollable and then very difficult to replenish this
device. It requires lots of labor, skills and money to buy robust hardware.
Micro strip E band antennae have low cost and high speed communication. Though this is
not so costly and can be easily made by the engineers with the requirement of minimal
labor. But it requires costly hardware with which it is constructed, which makes it less
used in the industry.
6. Conclusion
Finally, the optimum dimension of patch antenna on FR-4 dielectric substrate for Wi-Fi
applications has been investigated. The return loss
of E-Shaped microstrip patch antenna array = -18.4dB and the VSWR = 1.27 at resonant
frequency. The performance properties are analyzed
for the optimized dimensions and the proposed antenna works well at the required 5 GHz
frequency band.
In the second paper where drone antennae are used, proposed framework for deploying
an aerial antenna was successful. It has shown that it can provide high rate of services for
wireless communication. It has also optimized the positions of the drones so that there is
no issue with its communication.
7. References
Tse, D., & Viswanath, P. (2005). Fundamentals of wireless communication. Cambridge
university press.
Foschini, G. J. (1996). Layered space‐time architecture for wireless communication in a
fading environment when using multi‐element antennas. Bell labs technical journal, 1(2),
41-59.
Fang, Y., Song, F., Zhang, L., Aleku, D. W., Han, B., Feng, M., & Li, J. (2012).
Differential antennal proteome comparison of adult honeybee drone, worker and queen
(Apis mellifera L.). Journal of proteomics, 75(3), 756-773.

Woyke, J. (1963). What happens to diploid drone larvae in a honeybee colony. Journal of
Apicultural Research, 2(2), 73-75.
Waterhouse, R. (1995). Small microstrip patch antenna. Electronics letters, 31(8), 604-
605.