Impact of Wireless Networking

This report discusses various concepts of wireless networking, including types of antennas, recent wireless technology, and critical evaluation of software-defined wireless network. It also provides an executive summary, table of contents, and references. The report concludes that wireless networking trends are likely to become a key aspect in upcoming technology.

Running head: IMPACT OF WIRELESS NETWORKING
IMPACT OF WIRELESS NETWORKING
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive Summary
The purpose of this report is to highlight on various concepts of wireless networking. This
report has been divided into three sections each consisting of three questions. The first
section discusses about various types of antennas and their uses in the present world. The
second section consists of the most recent wireless technology along with their strengths and
weaknesses. The third sections consist of the critical evaluation of the topic of software
defined wireless network. To conclude, this report will help in examining the various
concepts of wireless networking trends, which is likely to become a key aspect in upcoming
technology.

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Table of Contents
Response to Question 1..............................................................................................................3
Response to Question 2..............................................................................................................4
Response to Question 3..............................................................................................................5
References..................................................................................................................................8

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Response to Question 1
In the world of electronics and communication and antenna signal propagation, there
are several antennas in respect to the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals.
These antennas form the basic part of the electronic communication architecture (Lo & Lee,
2013). The common type of antennas that makes this list are the Yagi antenna, the Horn
antenna or the Cellular antennas.
The Yagi antennas are the most primitive forms of the antenna. These antennas are
composed of a dipole and a reflector. These antennas are mainly used in television signal
propagation (Agnihotri, Prabhu & Mishra, 2013). The Yagi antennas have a relatively high
gain as compared to other omnidirectional antennas, which make them ideal for receiving
signals of low strength. One of the main disadvantages of this type of antenna is that these
antennas provide a high gain for which the bandwidth gets limited.
Another form of antenna that makes the list of the antenna is the Horn antenna. Horn
antennas were developed to carry forward the implications of the waveguide. It is an
extension of the waveguide in which the transmission of the electromagnetic waveforms are
transmitted to the free space through the help of a waveguide (Huanhuan et. al., 2014). The
basic advantages of using the horn antenna are that these antennas are very simple and
therefore very easy to construct. The horn antenna delivers an ample amount of directivity
and high gain. Some of the disadvantages of using the horn antenna are that these antennas
radiate high energy in the form of spherical wave-fronts for which it fails to provide sharp or
directive beam. The gain in case of horn antennas is also limited.
Cellular antenna is another notable form of antenna, which makes the antenna list.
These antennas are often termed as the Microstrip patch antennas as these antennas use a
microstrip feed line for transmission and reception of signals (Lee, Luk & Lai, 2017). Some

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of the key features of the microstrip patch antennas include their lightweight robustness and
are also supports multi-frequency bands. Some of the drawbacks include low gain and low
power handling capability.
Evaluating the above sub sections it can be several observation can be drawn. It is
observed that every antenna used in the propagation of electromagnetic waves has some
advantages and limitations. Based upon the advantages and limitations of the antennas
discussed in the above sections, the antenna that is likely to dominate the future electronic
market is the Cellular antennas because they are light in weight and are robust for which they
are selected for satellite communication.
Response to Question 2
With the advancement in the field of electronics and communication, the wireless
networking protocols are the iconic assets of the wireless technology. Some of the emerging
wireless networking protocols include Li-Fi or Light Fidelity, RFID or Radiofrequency
Identification and 5th Generation or 5G technology (Bi, Zeng & Zhang, 2016).
Li-Fi or Light Fidelity is a wireless technology that uses light to send and receive
signals seamlessly and wirelessly to different regions of the world. The strengths of the Li-Fi
include its efficiency, availability and security (Sharma & Sanganal, 2014). Li-Fi uses light as
a medium of transmission for which the infrastructure of this technology requires a minimum
investment. The light transmitted from any source can be used as a medium of transmission.
As light sources are available in almost every part of the world, Li-Fi services are present
everywhere. The security in case of Li-Fi is high as data breach is limited in the absence of
light. The weaknesses of Li-Fi include the unavailability of light. The interference of other
light signals is also a considerable disadvantage.

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RFID or Radiofrequency Identification is another emerging wireless protocol that is
primarily designed to identify and track objects with the assistance of radio frequencies.
RFID technology comprises of the transmission and reception of signals in the form of RFID
tags. These tags are categorised into three categories including the active, passive and semi-
passive tags. There are several advantages and limitations of using RFID based technologies.
Some of the advantages include the small size of the RFID tags (Honkanen, Junell &
Lappetelainen, 2013). Due to the small size, the tags can be easily inserted into the targeted
objects for detailed information. The security in usage of these tags is very high. These tags
cannot be easily cloned and are capable of storing a large amount of information within the
tags for which the security is increased.
The 5th Generation technology or 5G technology is the most recent and advanced
mode of network connectivity that is soon expected to undertake the cellular world. This next
generation network provides the users with high speed connectivity and faster reliable
connections. The network is a blend of cutting edge technology and advanced research
(Andrews et. al., 2014). The advantages of 5G networks include the efficiency of the
network, its bidirectional bandwidth, massive machine communication and effective
monitoring. The disadvantages of the network include security and issues where the data
within the system can be easily breached by a third party which is involved in the
transmission.
Response to Question 3
Analysing both of the research works and of findings of the topic of Software Defined
wireless Network or SDN, critical analysis of the topic along with the critical evaluation of
the topic has been performed. Stressing on the derivations from both of the research works
the following conclusions can be drawn.

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According to the first article as required in the third requisition section of the
question, opportunities that the SDN or Software Defined Network can provide to the mobile
networks and the wireless services are identified. A high level architecture of the regarding
the advantages of Software Defined Network has been proposed in this peer reviewed journal
(Bernardos et. al., 2014). This paper has clearly defined the key functions that should be
backed by the SDN architecture and then declaration about the requirement of interfaces in
various cases have been made. Some of the descriptions about the interactions through
Software Defined networks have also been stated. In addition to that the article has also
reviewed the presently processing standardization efforts that would be beneficial keeping in
mind the requirement of the future. Overall, ample initiatives have been taken towards the
successful evaluation of the SDN procedures and contrivances in the domain of wireless
technology.
With respect to the first journal that has been critically evaluated in the above section
of this report, the second article as mentioned in the task document has reviewed the
numerous Software Defined Network based 4th Generation solutions for resolving the various
problems regarding the Long Term Evolution network plane and the controlling the plane
complexities. The journal has not only classified the various SDN solutions in Long Term
Evolution but also has briefed the problems and challenges of various solutions. In addition
to that, different types of SDN parameters has also been discussed in the journal. The article
states that to cope with the rise in new connections, high traffic requirements, a high
requirement of data and low latency rates, it is essential to engage the 5th generation networks
(Rangisetti & Tamma, 2017). To design the infrastructure for 5G networks, the article has
devised out a plan for meeting up the requirements including the SDN based solutions. The
various challenges in the making of Evolved Packet Core or EPC have also been discussed in
this article.

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From the observations made from the above two articles, it is evident that Software
Defined Networks serves an integral part in the telecommunication industry.

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References
Agnihotri, A., Prabhu, A., & Mishra, D. (2013). Improvement in Radiation Pattern Of Yagi-
Uda Antenna. International Journal Of Engineering And Science, 2(12), 26-35.
Andrews, J. G., Buzzi, S., Choi, W., Hanly, S. V., Lozano, A., Soong, A. C., & Zhang, J. C.
(2014). What will 5G be?. IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, 32(6),
1065-1082.
Bernardos, C. J., Oliva, A. d. l., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L. M., Jin, H., & Zuniga,
J. C. (2014). An architecture for software-defined wireless networking. IEEE Wireless
Communications, 21(3), 52-61. doi: 10.1109/MWC.2014.6845049
Bi, S., Zeng, Y., & Zhang, R. (2016). Wireless powered communication networks: An
overview. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(2), 10-18.
Honkanen, M., Junell, J., & Lappetelainen, A. (2013). U.S. Patent No. 8,519,847.
Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Huanhuan, G. U., Houssam, K. A. N. J., DeVries, C., & Warden, J. (2014). U.S. Patent
Application No. 13/871,054.
Lee, K. F., Luk, K. M., & Lai, H. W. (2017). Microstrip patch antennas. World Scientific.
Lo, Y. T., & Lee, S. W. (2013). Antenna Handbook: theory, applications, and design.
Springer Science & Business Media.
Rangisetti, A. K., & Tamma, B. R. (2017). Software Defined Wireless Networks: A Survey
of Issues and Solutions. Wireless Personal Communications, 97(4), 6019-6053. doi:
10.1007/s11277-017-4825-8

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Sharma, R. R., & Sanganal, A. (2014). Li-Fi Technology: Transmission of data through
light. International Journal of Computer Technology and Applications, 5(1), 150.