Wireless Sensor Network for Bushfire Monitoring System

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WIRELESS COMMNUCATION
By (Student Name)
(Course Title)
(Tutor Name)
(College Name)
(State)
(Date)

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Executive summary
Wireless sensor network widely known as WSN consists of disseminated independent
gadget which use sensors to monitor the physical environment. The system integrates a firewall
that provides wireless connectivity back to the wide area network. This project paper describes
into detail smart bush fire system which can be used to provide a warmly warning message in
times of bushfire. The system utilizes GSM type of technology. The technology is used as a
medium of communication. The bushfire system is composed of humidity and temperature
sensors which are connected via a microcontroller.
Justification
To start with, this project utilizes WSN; this is because WSN has been used a lot by lots
of applications. For example in health in monitoring nuclear power plants and guiding other
applications. This project utilizes GSM technology. One of the reasons as to why this project
utilized this type of technology is because it provides cost-effective solutions and products. In
addition, to this GSM technology has been deployed heavily across the world this means that
phone works across the globe hence WSN-bushfire monitoring system will have no difficult
during the implantation phase in any country. This also leverage costs benefits and it also
provides seamless wireless connectivity. It will also help in availing the voice and data services
without any disruption. GSM technology also provides very high transmission quality. Lastly,
by utilizing GSM technology is that it provides a wide coverage; according to GSM Company
has coordinated its spectrum meaning which even though lots of nations might be operating on a
dissimilar frequency bands users can transfer effortlessly among different networks and same at
a time keep the same number. The technology also operates in a variety of phones; this means
that the users are flexible in choosing a handset of their choice.

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Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................2
Justification......................................................................................................................................2
List of figures...................................................................................................................................4
Introduction......................................................................................................................................5
Aims and background......................................................................................................................6
Project goals.................................................................................................................................6
Problem statement........................................................................................................................6
Target audience............................................................................................................................7
Literature review..............................................................................................................................7
Novelty and methodology................................................................................................................9
Innovation and Originality...........................................................................................................9
The type of research that was conducted...................................................................................10
Methodology..................................................................................................................................11
Unique features with Wireless Sensor Network........................................................................11
Why sensor network for monitoring bushfire............................................................................12
The requirement of WSN-Bush Fire monitoring system...........................................................12
Considerations when developing this project............................................................................13
WSN-Bush monitoring system architecture..............................................................................13
Feasibility and prototype...............................................................................................................18
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................21
References......................................................................................................................................22
Appendix........................................................................................................................................24
Figure 1: Wireless Sensor Network: Bush device....................................................................24
Figure 2: GSM communicator device to be used.......................................................................24

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List of figures
Figure 1: System Block Diagram..................................................................................................14
Figure 2: The main program Flowchart.........................................................................................15
Figure 3: Sensors Routing Flowchart............................................................................................16
Figure 4: GSM Routine Flowchart................................................................................................17

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WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Introduction
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the leading areas of research. From definition,
a sensor is a gadget which detects and responds some type of input from both environmental
conditions like heat, light, and pressure or to the physical environment. The output of WSN is
usually an electrical signal which is transmitted to a certain controller for further processing.
This research paper outlines Bushfire alert and monitoring type of wireless sensor network and
the reason as to why it should be implemented. The system can be used to provide a warning
message in case of a bushfire. A lot of research has been carried out on bushfire monitoring
system but most of them have a complex structure (Hać, 2003) .
This project utilizes short message service via GSM communication. As discussed later
in the chapter the project featured by humidity and temperature sensors which are connected to
the micro-controller. At the same time the microcontroller interfaces with the GPS receiver and
the GSM module so as to communicate gathered sensory information. The first section of this
paper, it highlights the background information of bush-fire monitoring system. The second part
is to review some of the approaches that have been implemented as bush-fire systems. Based on
the review, the third section will point the gap that is present in the current systems. Section four
will outline the methodology used to come up the WSN-Bush fire monitoring systems. Section
five will give some of the benefits of this project by pointing some of the advantages of WSN as
compared with another monitoring system. The last part is the conclusion.
Keywords: GPS, micro-controller, bush-fire monitoring system, and GSM

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Aims and background
Project goals
The overall objective for this project is to support a forest management via the prevention
of bushfires. This is done by applying a set of measures by implementing efficient bushfire
monitoring system. The strategic objective of this project is mitigation and prevention of natural
risks with a special focus on the bushfires.
WSN-Bush fire monitoring system aims at using wireless sensors to monitor forest for
the risk of fire and maybe extreme weather conditions. WSN is a type of network which is
composed of a large number of sensors which are deployed to monitor the environment via
wireless communication. The sensors nodes rely on a battery power supply and their
communication (Akyildiz, 2011).
The current systems such as word-of-mouth, watch-towers, and aerial monitoring systems
are not efficient and reliable. In addition, the satellite monitoring system is very complex and
requires a very high cost to install.
This proposed project aims at increasing efficiency and on time delivery of alarm
message to the relevant fire authorities. The project also aims at reducing the current high cost of
installing bush fire systems and the high cost of maintenance.
Problem statement
As we all know bushfire is one of serious national disaster around the world. Effects of
Bushfires have been reported by various organizations one of them being the United Nations; the
organization has done several publications on bushfire effects. Bushfire as highlighted by the UN
usually starts during summer seasons which results in a huge loss of life and destruction of
property. It results in environmental damage and wildlife.