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Essay on Women in Workforce as Compared to Men

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Added on  2020-04-13

Essay on Women in Workforce as Compared to Men

   Added on 2020-04-13

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WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE AS COMPARED TO MEN Introduction From history there has been evidence of gender disparity in employments opportunities with menacquiring high position in society than women. Women have been traditionally been associated with home position. This has been improving as time goes by but this stereotype is still among the society. With introduction of formal education females has tried to push their way in much position in the society; however gender disparity in employment is there in many organizations.Job opportunities are affected by different factors such as level of education, experience level, age and gender. In recent research to identify cause-effect relation between education level in women and job opportunities, researchers have done study to identify if as the women increase their education up to PHD level is there likelihood of obtaining a job. Women representation job opportunities are still lower both in management level, education position and many other sectors. When starting the difference between the two genders is small it then accumulates with time with many disadvantages to female, (Schuster & Finkelstein, 2006).In science technology and mathematics there is large disparity in position by gender, female are few as compared to male. In teaching position female are more as compared to men, (Larivière etal, 2013). There is evidence that gender affect job position with many females held in right position and male in higher position. Also previous studies have identified gender difference in research with high number of male holding those positions, (Hango, 2013).This job significance disparity by gender is one of contemporary issues that need immediate solution as they are main challenges facing the society. Many people have said that this needs to be addressed in order for the society to attain job equality. This has been a burning issue mainly among female as they see themselves underrepresented in various positions, (Prpić, 2002).Research hypothesisThe main research problem of this study is Do women have fewer opportunities in the workforce than men? The study tries to identify if there is gender disparity in job employments in USA. If men are more likely to be employed as compared to women?The research hypotheses are:The null hypothesis: woman has higher likelihood to obtain a job or promotion in the workforcewhen competing with other men for the same job or promotion.Alternative hypothesis: Women do not have higher likelihood to obtain a job or promotion in the workforce when competing with other men for the same job or promotion.
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Research Design The researcher adopted secondary data sources. Secondary data is useful in defining the sampleand identifying the population, (Alderman & Salem, 2010). The data were obtained from GeneralSocial Survey which is an organization that conducts social survey in USA and provides manyscholars, policy makers and politicians with necessary information (GSS, 2017). Initial the studyadopted descriptive survey to obtain quantitative and qualitative data. The study carried out aquantitative design where both descriptive and inferential analysis was used. Data was collectedfrom typical American men and women, through face to face interview, interview through thephone and computer assisted interviews surveys, (Kothari, 2004).Sampling techniqueThe population under study is the American men and women. The participants of the researcherAmerican men and women who are current working adults or searching for employment in theworkforce from all races that Hispanic, Indian , Asian, Jewish, Arabs, White and Black.Currently living in United States of America and can speak, read or write in English to be able tofully participates in the survey. The sampling technique that was used was stratified samplingtechnique because the population was heterogeneous in nature. The American population whichis composed off different nationality and race, but the target was working class and those lookingfor opportunities. The target population consisted of two groups that are male and female. Firstthe population was divided into two. Then simple random sampling was used to select those whoparticipated in the sample. This method allowed the sample to be representative of the populationand enable each individual in the target population to have equal chance to be in the sample thuseliminating researcher’s bias. A sample of 1974 was selected who fully participated in theresearch, (Neuman, 2014).Data analysis methodThe methods of data analysis utilized in this study were inferential and descriptive statistics. Thedata that was obtained was quantitative in nature making it possible to compute various statisticalanalysis and inferences (Perry & Perry, 2014).Descriptive statistics are used to describe thedistribution of data and summary of the sample under study. They organize, summarize andpresent data in way which is simple to understand and to make conclusion. The most commonlyused descriptive statistics are measure of central tendency that is mean, mode and median whichshows the location where most observations falls, measure of dispersion such as variance, rangeand quartiles which show how observed variables differs from the means and frequency chartsand diagrams. Inferential statistics are used to make inferences of the population from thesample. It makes use of sample instead of population to make conclusion about the data and
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support insights that were made using descriptive statistics. Inferential statistics includeprobability distribution such as normal and exponential distributions, test of hypothesis such as t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis and regression analysis such asmultiple and linear regression analysis, (DeSaro, 2011). Also non parametric tests such as rankcorrelations and Kruskal Wallis test. Inferential statistics are probabilistic in nature thus they arenot 100% sure and has margin of error that is significance level, (Tashakkori & Teddlie, 2003).Variables Description The study consisted of both independent variables and dependent variables, gender1 whichrepresents the dependent variable while the independent variable was opportunity of a woman toget a promotion or a job opportunity. In SPSS we had gender as nominal variable. Data analysis and DiscussionDescriptive analysis The total number of the respondents that participated in the study was one thousand nine hundredand seventy four. Most of the respondents were males who were one thousand and one hundredwhile there were eight hundred women. In the bar graph below, males are more than women. Statistical interpretationThe bar graph below shows that most males are in the working force. Those who are working inAmerica that is per study are males since them more in the professional ground as compared tothe women. Women are also in the work force but are less as compared to males. Those who areseeking opportunities as well as promotion in the work place is in greater proportion are themales to that of the females.
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