Words and Sentences Research Paper 2022

Running head: WORDS AND SENTENCES
Words and Sentences:
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

WORDS AND SENTENCES1
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Discussion..................................................................................................................................2
The concept of Grammar relations.........................................................................................2
Approaches to Grammar relations.........................................................................................4
Language and Grammar relations..........................................................................................4
The case-marking approach...................................................................................................4
Word order.............................................................................................................................6
Participant reference marking on the verbs............................................................................7
The Configurational or design process..................................................................................9
The Morphological approach...............................................................................................10
The prototypical approach....................................................................................................10
Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
References:...............................................................................................................................12

WORDS AND SENTENCES2
Introduction
Grammatical relations are ill-defined, and much broad notion and these terms could
be used for referring to the different grammatical dependency relations. In practice, it is used
for denoting the different relationships in between a predicate or a clause as well as its
arguments. It is to note that the main relational categories subject, the indirect and the direct
object are among the basic concepts of several grammar models and at the same time, are
often considered as either implicitly or explicitly, as the universal (Monahan & Brunson,
2014). According to Peyraube (2015), they belong to the fundamental notions in the
descriptions of most of the languages. They claimed that “all languages have rules referring
to subject and direct object, which are central to the syntactic organization”. However, on the
contrary, linguists have founds that the different categories of the object and subject are not at
all useful or applicable for describing a language, and this description needs an explicit
justification. It is to note that there are three main ways in which styles indicate grammatical
relations within the clause from a cross-linguistic perspective. This paper shall elaborate on
describing these strategies while supporting the answer with appropriate examples.
Discussion
The concept of Grammar relations
Majority of the grammarians and learners of language understand in most of the cases
what the topic and the object in an exceedingly given clause are. However, once one tries to
provide in theory satisfying the definitions of those ideas, the outcomes are sometimes but
clear and so arguable. The contradictory impulses have led to an exceeding scenario wherever
most theories of synchronic linguistics acknowledge the grammatical relations and have
confidence them slowly for explaining the notion of grammar however at constant time, one
must avoid providing a concrete definitions of them (Wouk & Himmelmann, 2014). All the

WORDS AND SENTENCES3
same, numerous principles are acknowledged that tries to outline the grammatical relations
are supported. From a linguistic perspective, the term "grammar relations" refers to the
functional relationships between the different constituents in a particular clause. It is to note
that in language, a "clause" applies to the part of a sentence that contains a verb (Narula &
Sharma, 2014). A typical clause comprises of a predicate and a subject. According to the
modern researchers, “grammar relations” that are typified by the traditional categories of
object and subject, have assumed a significant role in the linguistic theorizing, in the full
range of approaches that range from the generative grammar to the cognitive and functional
theories. Majority of the modern grammar theories are possibly to acknowledge the massive
number of further types of grammatical relations like predictive, complement etc. (Cook &
Newson, 2014). The role that the grammatical relations play in the grammar theories is most
considerable in the dependency grammars, and that tends to posit about dozens of different
grammar relations. As per Gamallo (2015), every head-dependent dependency showcase
grammatical function. Some of the standard examples of these grammatical functions from
the traditional grammar include the subject, the direct as well as the indirect object.
It is to note that there are two types of grammatical relations, and they are
socialization and dependency. According to Langacker (2017), sociation refers to the
grammatical relationship on the basis of grammatical rationality. It is a very loose
relationship between the two elements that are belonging to the same category. For example,
if they form a syntagma, the combination will belong to a similar group. The relation might,
therefore, be very symmetric, though not all the social relationships are very strictly
symmetric in nature. The other is the dependency. It is to note that this is a grammatical
relation that is based on the grammatical rationality of one of the association. The term whose
relationality is exploited within the relationship could be a factor, and the opposite one is its
argument (Fontich & Camps, 2014). This relation is thus, by definition, uneven. Moreover