Ethics and Responsibility in Decision-Making

This assignment is a collection of academic papers that focus on the theme of ethics and responsibility in different contexts. The papers cover topics such as prostate cancer treatment, community social care services, personal branding for psychologists, and humanitarian intervention. The assignment aims to provide students with a thorough understanding of the role of ethics in decision-making and its significance in various fields.

Working Ethically

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Question 1- Code of Conduct......................................................................................................1
Question 2- Case Study...............................................................................................................4
Question 3 - Job advertisement...................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Working with ethics is the major concern and requirement while operating within an
organisation. This will also help the firm to enhance quality of their products and services which
are undertaken by a firm and thus will impact the overall performance and growth rate of the
organisation in much effective way (Sanggaran, Ferguson and Haire, 2014). The following of
proper ethics will help a firm and an individual to have a good and significant impact on the
business operations which will support a proper maintenance of ethics and operations.
This report will cover 3 major case studies which showcases the impacts and importance
of ethics and following a moral strategy which will influence the overall operations and action
plans that will impact and influence the following of the ethical considerations that will look
after the overall performance of an individual and thus will help the organisation to enhance the
quality of business operations and activities in much effective and efficient manner.
MAIN BODY
Question 1- Code of Conduct
In the health care sector, various ethical considerations are required to be followed that
will help the various staff and work force within the organisation in much effective and
significant manner. Certain code of conduct and rules are required to be followed within the
organisation that will support the proper following of the business operations and action plans
that is chosen within organisation (Chan, 2016). Some basic and major code of conduct and rules
or regulations associated with the health care that will be followed at New care home are as
follows:
 Responsibility towards public: The staff and work force employed within the New care
home will look after the proper following of the ethical services and operations that will
encourage the organisation to carry out the nursing or care of elderly citizens within the
New Care Home. It will guide the employees and workers within the organisation to
provide high quality and appropriate services to their clients or elderly patients. Besides
this, the self-determination and having a good behaviour is also vital and important to be
followed by the organisation and its work force in much suitable and effective way
(James, 2017).
 Responsibility towards Profession: The work force within the organisation has to
operate and behave as per the reputation of their profession to carry out their operations
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and activities in much effective and significant manner. This will encourage the
organisation to behave ethically with the clients and colleagues.
 Responsibility towards employers: Health and care service staff should have certain
consideration and effectiveness towards their employer that will help the organisation to
carry out the proper management of the health and caring services at New Care home.
Besides this, there are certain responsibilities of each staff member of Job role within the
organisation that is required to be effectively followed in the New Care Home will involve the
following operations in an effective way (McCullough and et.al., 2016). Some major rules and
regulations that are taken within the consideration at the workplace by the organisation's
workforce is as follows:
 Health care support worker: They will provide the essential support to the
management of the organisation to carry out their caring and nursing services which is
provided by the firm. Some basic roles played by the organisation are like looking after
the following of code of conduct and other operations related to health care services.
Other than this, the health care support worker will ensure the proper management of
business operations and activities.
 Adult Social care workers: They are the executives or the staff that will look after to
providing of high quality products and care services to the elderly or adult people. They
ensure the maintaining of the high quality and safe, supportive and efficient environment
that will help the organisation to develop high quality products and services in much
effective and significant manner (Wasonga, 2018).
The development and following of an effective code of conduct has the Opositive impact
and will help the firm to enhance the quality of products and services in much effective and
suitable manner that will impact a good management of health care services for the elders. It will
have following implications on ethical decision making, maintaining of equality and fair
treatment with the staff and patients (Blumenthal‐Barby, Lee and Volk, 2015). Some
implications of these measures are:
Ethical decision making: The following of the effective code of conduct will see
through the proper management of the business operations and will lead the organisation to have
a suitable growth and thus will look after the proper engagement of the staff within health care
service provider and thus will help in the proper management of the nursing operations and will
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help the firm to enhance the quality of business operations in much suitable way. Deciding
proper policies and strategies in much ethical manner will help the firm to enhance the quality of
business activities and thus will lead the firm to enhance the quality of nursing activities in much
suitable way.
Equality: A proper management of the ethical code of conduct will support as good rise in the
following of health and social care issues and operations in much effective way. The application
of the proper and suitable ethics will help the firm to carry out the proper management of the
nursing operations and activities. The proper maintaining of the ethics will help the organisation
to treat each and every staff member and client or patients will help the firm to enhance the
quality of business activities in much suitable and significant manner. The absence of any sort of
discrimination and operations will help the New Care home to improve their overall performance
and thus will support a good and proper rise of business activities and operations (Cederberg,
2017).
Fair treatment: The firm will see through the proper management of the code of conduct within
the organisation that will help the firm to enhance the quality of business operations and thus will
also like the firm to improve their overall work culture and environment. This will help the firm
to enhance the quality of operations. This will make the management or supervisor at the New
Care home to see through the conditions that no employee or patient is ill behaved or
discriminated and everyone within the enterprise is treated in an equivalent and more effective
way. This will support the organisation to enhance the quality of operations and thus will also
look after the proper management of health care services in much suitable and effective way
(Fallon and et.al., 2015).
Short comings:
However, this measure of developing, maintaining and following of the ethical code of
conduct will have certain restrictions, limitations and shortcomings that will help the
organisation to manage the operations of the organisation in much effective and significant
manner. The developing of the proper code of conduct is a crucial and critical task that will
impact the overall operations of the organisation. It will also encourage the proper management
of the nursing and caring measures by New Care Home (Fredman and Rapaport, 2018). The
management of the organisation has to look after the proper management of the ethics and code
of conduct based operations that will impact the overall operations in much suitable and effective
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way. This will help the firm to maintain the overall operations and action plans. The major
limitation is to get the inbound within the laws and rules and restrict the innovation or new ideas.
Question 2- Case Study
As per the case study, this can be said that however the behaviour of young lady was
nervous and suspicious, I will not contact the police at the first as it will create a condition of
mayhem. On the first place, I myself will approach the lady and would ask if something is
wrong. Rather than acting suspicious towards the lady, I would act like nothing has happened at
the bus stop. On the basis of various ethical theories and approaches, this action of mine can be
justified. Three major ethical theories and operations which are taken in consideration are as
follows:
Utilitarian approach: As this theory is based on the good of the society over the good of
oneself, this theory will lay on the urge to make the police call during the whole procedure, look
ing at the conditions. It will help the organisation to carry out activities and operations in much
suitable way. The public benefit and the proper management of the stake holders on the activities
and developing good quality products and services (Hammer and et.al., 2015). This theory lays
the emphasis on the implementation of the high standards and ethics in much suitable and
effective manner. The theory is generally followed out while tackling the conflicts of the ethics
and would be based on the benefits and effectiveness of the business operations and activities in
much suitable manner. This will help me to decide whether I need to take the suitable measures
and operations and continue with the denial of the situations or take suitable measures (like
making a call to police in order to consider the safety concerns of the people like kids at bus
stop). As this theory suggest the suitable and effective management of the ethics and public
welfare and thus will lead me to carry out proper decisions related to the case provided.
Also, the utilitarian theory focuses on the outcomes and the welfare of the people that
will help the organisation to carry out the proper management of the work that will help me to
take the suitable measures in much effective way (Bitan and et.al., 2016). It will help the
organisation to set the firm to enhance the decision making by following out the proper and
concrete ethical guidelines. This theory will help me to take the measurable risks and make the
best decision related to the case. As per the ethical framework and requirements of the Utilitarian
theory, it guides me to make a call to police in order to avoid an adverse situation related to
safety of public. But, the man at the bus stop will not follow this theory.
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Deontological theory: Also known as the duty based theory, the deontological theory will
impact the overall procedure and thus will impact the overall ethical decision making by me. As
the deontological theory is based on the concept of respecting others rights and dignity and
retaliate any conflict related to it. Thus, this theory will encourage me to make the suitable
decisions that will help me to take suitable measure while operating in this case. This will help
me to rectify suitable decision while maintaining the rights and dignity of others. I would rather
not contact to the lady and will not make a call top police in order to not infiltrate the privacy and
personal space of the lady at the bus stop. However, on the personal level, I will ask out the lady
if she is facing any problem or procedure in much effective manner (Akesson and et.al., 2014).
It will support me to maintain my moral consideration and standards that will help me to
carry out suitable decision making procedure at the bus stop in much effective way. Besides this,
it will help me to maintain the personal relationship ethics in public and avoid any sort of awful
situations.
Virtue based ethical theory: the theory is based on the concept of certain traits and qualities
that are possessed by an organisation or an individual. These traits or qualities will help me to
determine whether to take the proper action related to a situation or person or not. Alike
deontological approach, this measures is also prone to the conflicts and ethical restrictions that
will help the fir to enhance the quality of operations and thus certain traits or virtues are being
required to be maintained at the organisational level that will impact the overall conversation
which I can have with the young lady. It will help me to identify the effective obstacles or
shortcomings that will impact the overall conversation process within the organisation. This
theory will require me to interact with women to identify her qualities and virtues which is not
feasible. Hence, this theory is not followed.
Justification:
As per the case, I have not made any sort of communication or interaction with young
lady, the identification of virtues is still not clear (Ladkin, 2018). Thus making any sort of
perception or ethical ground for the young lady will not be appropriate. Thus, following
Deontological theory might not give out the proper and ethical output in much suitable way.
Based on the assessment of the situation on all the 3 ethical theories, I can personally say
that the proper management of Deontological theory will be carried out that will assist me to
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make the suitable and appropriate decision related to the operations in much effective way. Thus,
on the basis of the evaluation, I will use the Deontological ethical theory that will help me to
carry out effective business operations in much effective and significant manner. Besides this, it
will also help me to analyse the situations of young lady.
Question 3 - Job advertisement
Based on the details' scrutinisation or assessment of both the job ads on the basis of the
equality and diversity laws of UK, this can be said that to some or the other extent, both the Job
roles are inappropriate and doesn't completely meets the ethical standards under the Equality and
diversity laws in UK. A proper assessment of the job roles and details is being taken in the
evaluation. This will help me to carry out the proper business operations and thus will help the
firm to get the proper and most appropriate work force within the organisation (Turner‐Stokes
and et.al., 2015). However, the requirements placed within both the job advertisements, doesn't
comply with the Law. However, on the basis of the positive action and discrimination, the
second job role is more appropriate than that of the requirements within the first.
The UK equality and Diversity Law, including the Equality Act, 2010 and Prevention of
Discrimination act states that the proper management of the ethical and equal behaviour with the
people within a social background or operations in much effective manner. These acts or laws
help the organisation or an individual to maintain the equality within society and prevent the
indifference on the basis of nationality, age, gender, colour, marital status, knowledge and social
background.
The first Job ad, however gives the detailed information about the job role, salary,
working hours, location and time frame too, but, the placing of the requirement African women
aged 18-30 years, violates the equality and diversity laws to a greater extent (Olsen, 2016). The
placing of this requirement leads to the inequality in social structure and discrimination on the
basis of nationality, gender and age group. This will also impact the overall business operations
and activities and may cause the firm to face certain conflict and legal actions. Thus, on the basis
of the operational consideration, and the standards within the equality and diversity operations
that are taken in the consideration by the firm, the first job ad that is placed is not legal as the
equality and diversity laws of the organisation in much effective manner.
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On the other hand, the second ad doesn't provide much precise representation of its job
requirements and thus will not be appropriate for many candidates except the individuals with
disability to carry out the business operations in much effective manner. However, the ad
promotes the increase and supporting of the diversities which are taken in the consideration by
the firm (Brimblecombe and et.al., 2017). The job advertisement restricts the skilled and
experienced employees or the work force within the organisation, it provides a proper and
positive opportunity of growth and development of the business activities in much effective way.
This will help the firm to enhance the quality of business operations and activities in much
suitable and effective manner and thus will help the firm to enhance the quality of business
operations and activities. This will help the firm to improve the quality of their work force and
operations that are followed by the firm or an organisation. Hence, for these reason, the second
advertisement can be considered as legal approach within the organisation
Based on the firm or individual considering the concept of Positive action and
discrimination while working with the work force, the second ad is appropriate. The positive
action within the advertisement was to improve the schemes and knowledge of IT and
Communication tools to the young generation. Thus, this can be said that the organisation
placing these measures for the proper management of the placement or recruitment process
within the organisation (Lerner, 2018). As under the concept of the UK's equality and Diversity
law, the placement of these measures will be very effective and beneficial as it improves the
diversity within the organisation and society and help the younger and in experienced candidates
to get a proper opportunity to evolve their skill set in IT and communication tool. Besides this, it
will help them to develop a proper and effective placing of the business operations and thus
support the proper management of placing a good and effective work environment with ethical
obligations that will improve the maintenance of the ethics and obligations in much effective and
significant manner. This will also help the firm to enhance the effectiveness of the business
operation's and action plans, making the Second advertisement more legal as compared to the
first one.
Thus, on the basis of the scrutinisation of both the job ads, this can be said that Job ad 2 is
more appropriate legally as the job ad 1 has the discrimination on the basis of gender (women),
nationality(only African) and age (18-35 years).
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CONCLUSION
On the basis of the assessment of the various ethical considerations within the firm, this
can be said that the proper management of the business operations and action plans will help the
firm to enhance the quality of business operations. The proper and effective following of the
suitable code of conduct within the health care organisation is being evaluated. Besides this, the
ethical theories and legal considerations that are being taken within the consideration by an
individual in the suspicious and susceptible conditions in the firm. Besides this, different job
advertisements are being taken in consideration, that will help the organisation to get proper and
most appropriate ideas about the legal obligations related to equality and diversity in UK. Thus,
based on the assessment, this can be concluded that the proper management of the ethics and
laws are beneficial for the people.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Akesson, B. and et.al., 2014. 'Stepping Back'as Researchers: Addressing Ethics in Arts-Based
Approaches to Working with War-Affected Children in School and Community Settings.
Bitan, M. and et.al., 2016. Determination of eligibility in related pediatric hematopoietic cell
donors: ethical and clinical considerations. Recommendations from a working group of
the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Association. Biology of
Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 22(1). pp.96-103.
Blumenthal‐Barby, J.S., Lee, D. and Volk, R.J., 2015. Toward ethically responsible choice
architecture in prostate cancer treatment decision‐making. CA: a cancer journal for
clinicians. 65(4). pp.257-260.
Brimblecombe, N. and et.al., 2017. Perceptions of unmet needs for community social care
services in E ngland. A comparison of working carers and the people they care
for. Health & social care in the community. 25(2). pp.435-446.
Cederberg, C.D., 2017. Personal branding for psychologists: Ethically navigating an emerging
vocational trend. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 48(3). pp.183.
Chan, J.K.H., 2016. The ethics of working with wicked urban waste problems: The case of
Singapore’s Semakau Landfill. Landscape and Urban Planning. 154. pp.123-131.
Fallon, S.J. And et.al., 2015. Differential optimal dopamine levels for set-shifting and working
memory in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia. 77. pp.42-51.
Fredman, G. and Rapaport, P., 2018. How do we begin? Working with older people and their
significant systems. In Being with Older People (pp. 31-59). Routledge.
Hammer, N. and et.al.., 2015. A new industry on a skewed playing field: Supply chain relations
and working conditions in UK garment manufacturing.
James, P., 2017. Humanitarian intervention?: responding ethically to globalising violence in the
age of mediated violence. Rethinking Humanitarian Interventions in the 21st Century.
pp.145-163.
Ladkin, D., 2018. Self Constitution as The Foundation for Leading Ethically: A Foucauldian
Possibility. Business Ethics Quarterly. pp.1-23.
Lerner, A.S., 2018. Medical Narratives in Rhetorical Context: Ethically Researching Anti-
Vaccinationists. Technical Communication Quarterly. 27(1). pp.80-92.
McCullough, L.B., and et.al. 2016. Is whole‐exome sequencing an ethically disruptive
technology? Perspectives of pediatric oncologists and parents of pediatric patients with
solid tumors. Pediatric blood & cancer. 63(3). pp.511-515.
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Olsen, D.P., 2016. Ethically Relevant Differences in Advance Directives for Psychiatric and
End-of-Life Care. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association. 22(1). pp.52-
59.
Sanggaran, J.P., Ferguson, G.M. and Haire, B.G., 2014. Ethical challenges for doctors working
in immigration detention. Med J Aust. 201(7). pp.377-78.
Turner‐Stokes, L. and et.al., 2015. Multi‐disciplinary rehabilitation for acquired brain injury in
adults of working age. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. (12).
Wasonga, T., 2018. Ethics: Acting Ethically to Promote Each Student’s Academic Success and
Well-Being. In Quandaries of School Leadership (pp. 73-92). Palgrave Macmillan,
Cham.
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