Working Memory Model
Added on 2023-04-22
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Running head: WORKING MEMORY MODEL
WORKING MEMORY MODEL
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:
WORKING MEMORY MODEL
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:
1
WORKING MEMORY MODEL
Working memory was previously called the short-term memory. It mainly explains
about the memory, which an individual is processing currently. Such form of memory is seen
to last lesser than even a minute and is found to have limitations in its capacity. To help in
proper understanding of the concept of working memory, researchers named as Alan
Baddeley had successfully put forward the working memory approach. This approach
considers working memory as the system that is composed of several carious forms of parts
controlling the information being processed (Baddeley, 2017). Such model is based on the
assumption that each of this components has their own limited capacity and that each of them
is relatively but not entirely independent towards the other components. His main model
comprised of three important components that are considered to be the phonological loop,
visuo-spatial loop as well as the central executive. Later, the current model that was
introduced also contained another important component called the episodic buffer. This
assignment would mainly be describing this component and will relate the contribution of
this model to memory researches.
The first component is the phonological loop helps in processing sounds and is
responsible for various types of the speech-based information. This mainly discusses about
the sounds that are processed in the mind of an individual. Studies have found that this
component, which had been developed by Alan, help in learning new vocabulary, problem
solving, remembering instructions and even solving maths problems. This component again
comprises of two sub-components that are called the phonological store and the articulatory
process (Berry et al., 2018). The first component helps by holding the information for 1.5 to 2
seconds. The articulatory control process helps by refreshing the information in the
phonological store. This component also helps in converting the written material into the
phonological code helping it to be registered by the phonological code.
WORKING MEMORY MODEL
Working memory was previously called the short-term memory. It mainly explains
about the memory, which an individual is processing currently. Such form of memory is seen
to last lesser than even a minute and is found to have limitations in its capacity. To help in
proper understanding of the concept of working memory, researchers named as Alan
Baddeley had successfully put forward the working memory approach. This approach
considers working memory as the system that is composed of several carious forms of parts
controlling the information being processed (Baddeley, 2017). Such model is based on the
assumption that each of this components has their own limited capacity and that each of them
is relatively but not entirely independent towards the other components. His main model
comprised of three important components that are considered to be the phonological loop,
visuo-spatial loop as well as the central executive. Later, the current model that was
introduced also contained another important component called the episodic buffer. This
assignment would mainly be describing this component and will relate the contribution of
this model to memory researches.
The first component is the phonological loop helps in processing sounds and is
responsible for various types of the speech-based information. This mainly discusses about
the sounds that are processed in the mind of an individual. Studies have found that this
component, which had been developed by Alan, help in learning new vocabulary, problem
solving, remembering instructions and even solving maths problems. This component again
comprises of two sub-components that are called the phonological store and the articulatory
process (Berry et al., 2018). The first component helps by holding the information for 1.5 to 2
seconds. The articulatory control process helps by refreshing the information in the
phonological store. This component also helps in converting the written material into the
phonological code helping it to be registered by the phonological code.
2
WORKING MEMORY MODEL
When further researches are done on this concept, it is found that phonological store
helps by preserving the presence of the phonological similarity effect. Again, human beings
are found to be less accurate during repetition of the sequence of words that sounds similar
like “MAN CAP CAT MAT CAN” in comparison to dissimilar words like that “PIT DAY
COW PEN TOP”. In this instance, research has found that similarity in meaning like that
(HUGE LARGE BIG WIDE TALL) had lesser effects on immediate recalling procedures
(Allen et al., 2018). Again, it had been also found that when several trials are made for
learning longer list of words like around 10 words, meanings are given more importance by
humans and in this case, sound is seen to lose its power and this is found to be in consistent
with the various systems of short term as well as long-term storage. Interesting evidence
suggest that the significance of rehearsal might arrive from the word length effect. Here,
researchers have found that immediate recalling of words like “(e.g. REFRIGERATOR
UNIVERSITY TUBERCULOSIS OPPORTUNITY HIPPOPOTAMUS)” are found to be
more error prone than for the shorter words.
Baddeley and Hitch had also contributed to memory researches by discovering a
number of important factors. They were of the opinion that that the memory traces of
different items in the short term store would rapidly fade but they could be successfully
maintained by saying them constantly to oneself. Longer words take more time say and
hence they are more prone to the fading process and hence in such instances more forgetting
occur. From this interpretation, modern researchers had found that preventing individuals
from uttering various words towards themselves by needing the continuous saying of a
particular item like that of the word “the”, can help in removing the word length effect. From
the initial demonstrations and discussion of the word-length effects, several other researchers
have proposed more interpretations (Hitch et al., 2018). However, they differ in implications
regarding the effects considering whether various types of items in the short-term store are
WORKING MEMORY MODEL
When further researches are done on this concept, it is found that phonological store
helps by preserving the presence of the phonological similarity effect. Again, human beings
are found to be less accurate during repetition of the sequence of words that sounds similar
like “MAN CAP CAT MAT CAN” in comparison to dissimilar words like that “PIT DAY
COW PEN TOP”. In this instance, research has found that similarity in meaning like that
(HUGE LARGE BIG WIDE TALL) had lesser effects on immediate recalling procedures
(Allen et al., 2018). Again, it had been also found that when several trials are made for
learning longer list of words like around 10 words, meanings are given more importance by
humans and in this case, sound is seen to lose its power and this is found to be in consistent
with the various systems of short term as well as long-term storage. Interesting evidence
suggest that the significance of rehearsal might arrive from the word length effect. Here,
researchers have found that immediate recalling of words like “(e.g. REFRIGERATOR
UNIVERSITY TUBERCULOSIS OPPORTUNITY HIPPOPOTAMUS)” are found to be
more error prone than for the shorter words.
Baddeley and Hitch had also contributed to memory researches by discovering a
number of important factors. They were of the opinion that that the memory traces of
different items in the short term store would rapidly fade but they could be successfully
maintained by saying them constantly to oneself. Longer words take more time say and
hence they are more prone to the fading process and hence in such instances more forgetting
occur. From this interpretation, modern researchers had found that preventing individuals
from uttering various words towards themselves by needing the continuous saying of a
particular item like that of the word “the”, can help in removing the word length effect. From
the initial demonstrations and discussion of the word-length effects, several other researchers
have proposed more interpretations (Hitch et al., 2018). However, they differ in implications
regarding the effects considering whether various types of items in the short-term store are
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