The Impact of Workplace Diversity on Organizational Performance - A Literature Review
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This paper reviews the existing literature on the impact of workplace diversity on organizational performance. It discusses the themes related to diversity and performance in international markets.
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Running head: WORKPLACE DIVERSITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE THE IMPACT OF WORKPLACE DIVERSITY ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE – A LITERATURE REVIEW Name of the Student Name of the University Author Note
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1 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE Introduction The following paper attempts a review of the existing literature in the matters that are relatedtotheoveralldevelopmentand themanagementof theconcernedorganizational performance in relation to the maintenance of the diversity within the given workplace. The paper discusses the various themes that are related to the impact of the diversity within the organizationintermsoftheperformanceashavebeendemonstratedbytheconcerned organizationwithinthevariousinternationalmarketswhereintheconcernedbusiness organization has been active. Objectives Leslie (2017) highlights the various issues that are related to the ethnic diversity that is maintained within the organization and the effects of the same on the overall performance of the company. The researches that have been undertaken by Selvaraj (2015) highlight the various areas of employee diversity as is maintained within the organization with regards to the performance of the organization within the international markets. Methods TheargumentsbyLeslie(2017)highlighttheuseofthemixedmethodsinthe determination of the importance of the diversity within the organization. On the other hand, Selvaraj (2015) implements the quantitative methods for the analysis of the data that had been collected by the authors. Findings and discussion
2 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE The articles in discussion attempt a discussion on the various impacts of the employee diversity maintained within the organization on the performance of the organization in the given international markets. The workplace diversity as discussed by … refers to the diversification of the workforce within the organization on the basis of the gender of the employees within the organization, the cultural background and the age of the employees. The researches by Ali, Metz and Kulik (2015) and Obeidat, Mitchell and Bray (2016) further highlight the fact that the diversity within the organization is necessary in order to help in the maintenance of the motivational measures that are implemented within the organization in order to help the workforce achieve the various goals that have been set by the organizational management. Hsiao, Auld and Ma (2015) opine that the workplace diversity within the organization assists the concerned organization in the overall development of the issues that are presented within the organization as well as within the various markets within the organization. The workplace diversity, as discussed by the various authors like Hewlin, Dumas and Burnett (2017) tend to deal in the improvement of the overall organizational performance. The employee diversity within the organization further help in the maintenance of the organizational culture within the international markets. The organizational culture as opined by Alhejji et al. (2016) refers to the assumptions, beliefs, core values as well as the interactional techniques as are undertaken by the concerned organizational workforce. Roberson, Ryan and Ragins (2017) further state that the organizational culture is inclusive of the psychological as well as the social factors that are maintained within the organization. The opinions of Kim et al. (2015) highlight the fact that the maintenance of the organizational culture is majorly dependent on the maintenance of the diversity within the organization as well. Article Conclusion
3 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE The articles in discussion highlights the issues that are related to the implementation of the workplacediversitywithinthe organizationhelpsinthe overalldevelopmentof the organizationalperformance.Theconcernedorganizationperformancewithinthegiven international as well as global markets is highly dependent on the diversity that is maintained within the organization as well. The implementation of the workplace diversity within the organizational workforce further helps in the maintenance of the issues that are faced by the given organization within the given international markets as well. Comparative Analysis According to Hassan, Marimuthu and Johl (2015), the workplace diversity refers to the diversification of the workforce within the organization on the basis of the gender of the employees within the organization, the cultural background and the age of the employees. Shemla et al. (2016) argue that the diversity within the organization is necessary in order to help in the maintenance of the motivational measures that are implemented within the organization in order to help the workforce achieve the various goals that have been set by the organizational management. Lu et al. (2015) further seconds the fact that the workplace diversity is extremely important in terms of the issues that are highlighted in terms of the resolution of the issues that are faced by the given organizations as well. Kim and Schachter (2015) andSykes and Venkatesh(2017)opinethattheworkplacediversitywithintheorganizationassiststhe concerned organization in the overall development of the issues that are presented within the organization as well as within the various markets within the organization. The workplace diversity, as discussed by the various authors like Sharma, Sharma and Agarwal (2016) tend to deal in the improvement of the overall organizational performance. The other area that is highly affected by the inclusion of the diversity within the workplace refer to the maintenance of the
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4 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE organizational culture within the organization. Hunt, Layton and Prince (2015) opines that the maintenance of the proper diversity within the organization helps in the improvement as well as the proper maintenance of the organizational culture. The organizational culture as opined by Noe et al. (2017) refers to the assumptions, beliefs, core values as well as the interactional techniques as are undertaken by the concerned organizational workforce. Jansen et al. (2016) further state that the organizational culture is inclusive of the psychological as well as the social factors that are maintained within the organization. The opinions of Guillaume et al. (2017) highlight the fact that the maintenance of the organizational culture is majorly dependent on the maintenance of the diversity within the organization as well. The implementation as well as the maintenance of the organizational culture helps in the overall resolution of the issues as well as the maintenance of the overall performance of the organization in the given industry. Critical Analysis Ukil (2016) argue that the diversity within the organization is necessary in order to help in the maintenance of the motivational measures that are implemented within the organization in order to help the workforce achieve the various goals that have been set by the organizational management. Mitchell et al. (2015) further seconds the fact that the workplace diversity is extremely important in terms of the issues that are highlighted in terms of the resolution of the issues that are faced by the given organizations as well. The organizational culture as opined by Mawdsley and Somaya (2016) refers to the assumptions, beliefs, core values as well as the interactional techniques as are undertaken by the concerned organizational workforce. Schwab et al. (2016) further state that the organizational culture is inclusive of the psychological as well as the social factors that are maintained within the organization. The opinions of Lăzăroiu (2015), assecondedbyDowneyetal.(2015),highlightthefactthatthemaintenanceofthe
5 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE organizational culture is majorly dependent on the maintenance of the diversity within the organization as well. Conclusion In conclusion it might be stated that the workplace diversity as is maintained within the organization affects the organizational performance within the given markets as well. The workplace diversity tends to deal in the improvement of the overall organizational performance. Theemployeediversitywithintheorganizationfurtherhelpinthemaintenanceofthe organizational culture within the international markets. The diversity within the organization is necessary in order to help in the maintenance of the motivational measures that are implemented within the organization in order to help the workforce achieve the various goals that have been set by the organizational management.
6 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE References Alhejji, H., Garavan, T., Carbery, R., O'Brien, F. and McGuire, D., 2016. Diversity training programme outcomes: A systematic review.Human Resource Development Quarterly,27(1), pp.95-149. Ali, M., Metz, I. and Kulik, C.T., 2015. The impact of work–family programs on the relationship between gender diversity and performance.Human Resource Management,54(4), pp.553-576. Downey, S.N., van der Werff, L., Thomas, K.M. and Plaut, V.C., 2015. The role of diversity practices and inclusion in promoting trust and employee engagement.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,45(1), pp.35-44. Guillaume,Y.R.,Dawson,J.F.,Otaye‐Ebede,L.,Woods,S.A.andWest,M.A.,2017. Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303. Hassan,R.,Marimuthu,M.andJohl,S.K.,2015.Diversity,corporategovernanceand implication on firm financial performance.Global Business and Management Research,7(2), p.28. Hewlin, P.F., Dumas, T.L. and Burnett, M.F., 2017. To thine own self be true? Facades of conformity, values incongruence, and the moderating impact of leader integrity.Academy of Management Journal,60(1), pp.178-199. Hsiao, A., Auld, C. and Ma, E., 2015. Perceived organizationaldiversityand employee behavior.International Journal of Hospitality Management,48, pp.102-112. Hunt, V., Layton, D. and Prince, S., 2015. Diversity matters.McKinsey & Company,1, pp.15-29.
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7 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE Jansen, W.S., Vos, M.W., Otten, S., Podsiadlowski, A. and van der Zee, K.I., 2016. Colorblind or colorful? How diversity approaches affect cultural majority and minority employees.Journal of Applied Social Psychology,46(2), pp.81-93. Kim, C. and Schachter, H.L., 2015. Exploring followership in a public setting: Is it a missing link between participative leadership and organizational performance?.The American Review of Public Administration,45(4), pp.436-457. Kim, H.K., Lee, U.H. and Kim, Y.H., 2015. The effect of workplace diversity management in a highly male-dominated culture.Career Development International,20(3), pp.259-272. Lăzăroiu, G., 2015. Employee motivation and job performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), pp.97-102. Leslie, L.M., 2017. A status-based multilevel model of ethnic diversity and work unit performance.Journal of Management,43(2), pp.426-454. Lu, C.M., Chen, S.J., Huang, P.C. and Chien, J.C., 2015. Effect of diversity on human resource management and organizational performance.Journal of Business Research,68(4), pp.857-861. Mawdsley, J.K. and Somaya, D., 2016. Employee mobility and organizational outcomes: An integrative conceptual framework and research agenda.Journal of Management,42(1), pp.85- 113. Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Chiang, V. and Joyce, P., 2015. Managing inclusiveness and diversity in teams: How leader inclusiveness affects performance through status and team identity.Human Resource Management,54(2), pp.217-239.
8 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M., 2017.Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Obeidat, S.M., Mitchell, R. and Bray, M., 2016. The link between high performance work practices and organizational performance: Empirically validating the conceptualization of HPWP according to the AMO model.Employee Relations,38(4), pp.578-595. Roberson, Q., Ryan, A.M. and Ragins, B.R., 2017. The evolution and future of diversity at work.Journal of Applied Psychology,102(3), p.483. Schwab, A., Werbel, J.D., Hofmann, H. and Henriques, P.L., 2016. Managerial gender diversity andfirmperformance:Anintegrationofdifferenttheoreticalperspectives.Group& Organization Management,41(1), pp.5-31. Selvaraj, P.C., 2015. The effects of work force diversity on employee performance in Singapore organisations.International Journal of Business Administration,6(2), p.17. Sharma, N.P., Sharma, T. and Agarwal, M.N., 2016. Measuring employee perception of performancemanagementsystemeffectiveness:Conceptualizationandscale development.Employee Relations,38(2), pp.224-247. Shemla, M., Meyer, B., Greer, L. and Jehn, K.A., 2016. A review of perceived diversity in teams:Doeshowmembersperceivetheirteam'scompositionaffectteamprocessesand outcomes?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,37, pp.S89-S106. Sykes, T.A. and Venkatesh, V., 2017. Explaining post-implementation employee system use and job performance: Impacts of the content and source of social network ties.MIS quarterly,41(3).
9 THEIMPACTOFWORKPLACEDIVERSITYONORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE Ukil, M.I., 2016. The impact of employee empowerment on employee satisfaction and service quality:EmpiricalevidencefromfinancialenterprizesinBangladesh.Verslas:teorijair praktika,17(2), pp.178-189.