Wtitten project - concept map

CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Aetiology
Uncontrolled weight and
sugar level is harmful for
normal renal
functionalities.
Diabetes Hypertension
The excessive stress and
improper diabetic
management serve as
the major factor for high
blood pressure.
Pathogenesis
Hyperglycemia results in
vascular endothelial damage and
mesangial cell proliferation.
Edema and pulmonary crackles
including fatigue.
Mesangial matrix expansion
corelates with renal diseases.
Glomerular hyperfilteration
normalizes with hypertension
and early renal injury and
worsen with time.
Chronic kidney diseases
Diabetes mellitus refers to
impairment in responding to insulin
production leading to enhanced
level of glucose level in blood
(hyperglycemia).
Treatment
The alkaline therapy,
NaHCO3 tablets, insulin
dosage can help to treat
the diabetes and chronic
diseases. In case of renal
failure kidney transplant or
dialysis is also used.
Pharmacotherapy Nursing & non-
pharmacotherapy
Nurses assure that weight,
sugar level and blood
pressure of patient is
controlled through proper
diet and life style changes.
These parameters must be
controlled and monitored.
Diagnosis
The uncontrolled
sugar level results in
skin disintegration,
hyperkalaemia and
metabolic acidosis.
Oedema and
fatigue Itchy skin
The excessive weight and
high blood pressure puts
damage to the nephrons
and renal system along
with the imbalance in
sugar level.
Diabetes Hypertension
and obesity
Course of the Disease Prevention
From long term the patient has
been suffering from type 2
diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Thus, high blood pressure is
also prevalent in the patient
leading to kidney diseases.
Along with the medications for
acid level and potassium content
Steve is highly required to
manage his weight and sugar
level. The blood pressure and
sugar level monitoring can
prevent the renal system failure.
It is defined as the gradual progress of the long
term kidney diseases which ultimately results in
renal failure.
Hyperkalaemia and
Metabolicacidosis